- Electrochemical syntheses of cyclo[n]pyrrole
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Cyclo[8]pyrrole was obtained efficiently when 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetraethylbipyrrole was subjected to bulk electrolysis, with yields spanning a range from close to 0% with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride as the electrolyte, to almost 70% when tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogensulfate was used for this purpose. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that the reaction is controlled by anion-related fac-tors such as a specific templating effect. Note that cyclo[8]pyrrole was the only detectable macrocyclic product obtained from 3, 3', 4, 4'-tetraethylbipyrrole under the conditions of the electrochemical oxidation. When similar electrolyses were performed by using 3, 4-diethylpyrrole as the starting material, two products could be isolated, which were identified as being the cyclo[7]pyrrole and cyclo[8]pyrrole, respectively. Detailed analyses of the oxidized forms of cyclo[7]pyrrole and cyclo[8]pyrrole revealed that under the conditions of the electrolysis these latter species are not stable.
- Buda, Mihai,Iordache, Adriana,Bucher, Christophe,Moutet, Jean-Claude,Royal, Guy,Saint-Aman, Eric,Sessler, Jonathan L.
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BORON TETRAFLUORIDE, BORON TETRAFLUORIDE PRODUCED BY SAID PROCESS, ELECTROLYSIS SOLUTION FOR ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR USING SAID BORON TETRAFLUORIDE, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAID ELECTROLYSIS SOLUTION
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This invention provides a process for producing boron tetrafluoride represented by Q+BF4-. The production process is characterized by comprising reacting (A) a salt compound represented by Q+X- wherein Q+ represents an onium ion or a metal ion, X- represents an inorganic acid ion except for BF4-, an organic acid ion, or a hydroxide ion, (B) at least one boron compound selected from the group consisting of orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, tetraboric acid, boron oxide, and a boric ester represented by B(OR1)(OR2)(OR3) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R1, R2, and R3 may be the same or different, and (C) hydrogen fluoride. There are also provided a boron tetrafluoride produced by the above process, an electrolysis solution for an electric double layer capacitor using said boron tetrafluoride, and a process for producing the electrolysis solution. The production process can produce high-purity boron tetrafluoride for use in an electrolysis solution for an electric double layer capacitor without using an expensive and highly toxic BF3 gas in an industrially advantageous manner. In particular, boron tetrafluoride having good properties as a nonaqueous electrolysis solution for an electric double layer capacitor can be produced in an industrially very advantageous manner, and, thus, a high-performance nonaqueous electrolysis solution for an electric double layer capacitor can be produced in a cost-effective manner.
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(2008/06/13)
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