- Hydrosilylative reduction of primary amides to primary amines catalyzed by a terminal [Ni-OH] complex
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A terminal [Ni-OH] complex1, supported by triflamide-functionalized NHC ligands, catalyzes the hydrosilylative reduction of a range of primary amides into primary amines in good to excellent yields under base-free conditions with key functional group tolerance. Catalyst1is also effective for the reduction of a variety of tertiary and secondary amides. In contrast to literature reports, the reactivity of1towards amide reduction follows an inverse trend,i.e., 1° amide > 3° amide > 2° amide. The reaction does not follow a usual dehydration pathway.
- Bera, Jitendra K.,Pandey, Pragati
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supporting information
p. 9204 - 9207
(2021/09/20)
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- ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY HYDROAZIDATION OF OLEFINS
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The present invention provides processes for the synthesis of organic azides, intermediates for the production thereof, and compositions related thereto.
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Page/Page column 63; 71-72
(2020/01/24)
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- Direct Intermolecular Anti-Markovnikov Hydroazidation of Unactivated Olefins
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We herein report a direct intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroazidation method for unactivated olefins, which is promoted by a catalytic amount of bench-stable benziodoxole at ambient temperature. This method facilitates previously difficult, direct addition of hydrazoic acid across a wide variety of unactivated olefins in both complex molecules and unfunctionalized commodity chemicals. It conveniently fills a synthetic chemistry gap of existing olefin hydroazidation procedures, and thereby provides a valuable tool for azido-group labeling in organic synthesis and chemical biology studies.
- Li, Hongze,Shen, Shou-Jie,Zhu, Cheng-Liang,Xu, Hao
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supporting information
p. 9415 - 9421
(2019/06/21)
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- Design and synthesis of sulfonamidophenylethylureas as novel cardiac myosin activator
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To optimize the lead urea scaffold 1 and 2 as selective cardiac myosin ATPase activator, a series of urea derivatives have been synthesized to explore its structure activity relationship. Among them N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-(3-(3-phenylpropyl)ureido)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide (13, CMA = 91.6%, FS = 17.62%; EF = 11.55%), N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-(1-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)ureido)ethyl)benzene sulfonamide (40, CMA = 52.3%, FS = 38.96%; EF = 24.19%) and N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-(3-methyl-3-(3-phenylpropyl)ureido)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide (41, CMA = 47.6%, FS = 23.19%; EF = 15.47%) proved to be efficient to activate the cardiac myosin in vitro and in vivo. Further the % change in ventricular cell contractility at 5 μM of 13 (47.9 ± 3.2), 40 (45.5 ± 2.4) and 41 (63.5 ± 2.2) showed positive inotropic effect in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The potent compounds 13, 40, 41 were highly selective for cardiac myosin over skeletal and smooth muscle myosin, thus proving them these new urea derivatives is a novel scaffold for discovery of cardiac myosin activators for the treatment of systolic heart failure.
- Manickam, Manoj,Jalani, Hitesh B.,Pillaiyar, Thanigaimalai,Boggu, Pulla Reddy,Sharma, Niti,Venkateswararao, Eeda,Lee, You-Jung,Jeon, Eun-Seok,Son, Min-Jeong,Woo, Sun-Hee,Jung, Sang-Hun
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p. 1869 - 1887
(2017/12/28)
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- Bis-arylalkenylalkyl acid compound, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a bis-arylalkenylalkyl acid compound, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The structure of the compound is represented by the formula I. the definitions of *, R1, R2, R3, n1 and m are as in the specifications and the claims. The bis-arylalkenylalkyl acid compound provided by the invention has relatively high inhibition activity against sensitive strains and resistant strains, and can be used for preparing antibacterial drugs.
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Paragraph 0114; 0115; 0116; 0117; 0118; 0119; 0120; 0121
(2016/10/07)
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- Compounds with cardiac myosin activating function and pharmaceutical composition containing the same for treating or preventing heart failure
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The present invention relates to a compound having a cardiotonic activating function and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The composition comprising the compound according to the present invention is effective in preventing or treating heart failure. In addition, the compound is represented by chemical formula 2 or is pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
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Paragraph 1608-1610
(2017/02/02)
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- 2-(Phenylseleno)ethanesulfon-amide as a novel protecting group for aniline that can be deprotected by a radical reaction
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Anilines were protected as 2-(phenylseleno)ethanesulfonanilide (SeES anilide) via sulfonylation by 2-chlorosulfonyl chloride followed by the conjugate addition of benzeneselenol. The SeES anilide was deprotected by radical reduction using tributyltin hydride in the presence of AIBN. The corresponding anilines were obtained in high yields when the hydride and AIBN were added to the system slowly. Since the radical reaction proceeds under neutral conditions, chemoselective deprotection of the SeES group was accomplished. The SeES anilide was stable under various conditions, including some severe conditions.
- Kihara, Nobuhiro,Mitsuhashi, Yuji,Sato, Makoto,Hirose, Shun-Ichi,Goudo, Erika,Uzawa, Yoshinori,Shirai, Natsumi,Hamamoto, Sari,Iwasaki, Ryo,Fujioka, Akane
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p. 2563 - 2566
(2016/06/06)
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- Direct Preparation of Amides from Amine Hydrochloride Salts and Orthoesters: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Perspective
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The conversion of a wide range of primary and secondary aliphatic and a few arylamine hydrochloride salts to their corresponding acetamides with trimethyl orthoacetate is described. Mechanistic studies using NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques indicate these reactions proceed via an O-methylimidate intermediate that undergoes in situ demethylation by chloride, affording the corresponding acetamides. Synthetically, this reaction represents a practical, high-yielding protocol with a simple workup for the rapid conversion of amine hydrochloride salts to acetamides.
- Di Grandi, Martin J.,Bennett, Caitlin,Cagino, Kristen,Muccini, Arnold,Suraci, Corey,Saba, Shahrokh
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supporting information
p. 2601 - 2607
(2015/11/28)
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- Compounds with cardiac myosin activating function and pharmaceutical composition containing the same for treating or preventing heart failure
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Disclosed are a compound having cardiotonic activity and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and the composition containing the compound, according to the present invention, is useful for preventing and treating heart failure.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
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Paragraph 0878; 0887-0890
(2016/10/07)
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- Tandem synthesis of amides and secondary amines from esters with primary amines under solvent-free conditions
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An iridium(III)-catalyzed tandem synthesis of amides and amines from esters under solvent-free conditions is described. A commercially available iridium(III) complex, [Cp*IrCl2]2, with sodium acetate showed the best activity for the synthesis of amides and secondary amines. The amide was formed by ester-amide exchange which generates an alcohol in situ which is subsequently transformed to a secondary amine via hydrogen autotransfer. This synthetic protocol with high atom economy generates water as the sole by-product and can afford amides and amines from various esters in a one-pot reaction, expanding the synthetic versatility of ester transformations.
- Lee, Jeongbin,Muthaiah, Senthilkumar,Hong, Soon Hyeok
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p. 2653 - 2660
(2014/09/17)
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- Chemo- and regioselective homogeneous rhodium-catalyzed hydroamidomethylation of terminal alkenes to N-alkylamides
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A rhodium/xantphos homogeneous catalyst system has been developed for direct chemo- and regioselective mono-N-alkylation of primary amides with 1-alkenes and syngas through catalytic hydroamidomethylation with 1-pentene and acetamide as model substrates. For appropriate catalyst performance, it appears to be essential that catalytic amounts of a strong acid promoter, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid (HOTs), as well as larger amounts of a weakly acidic protic promoter, particularly hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HORF) are applied. Apart from the product N-1-hexylacetamide, the isomeric unsaturated intermediates, hexanol and higher mass byproducts, as well as the corresponding isomeric branched products, can be formed. Under optimized conditions, almost full alkene conversion can be achieved with more than 80 % selectivity to the product N-1-hexylamide. Interestingly, in the presence of a relatively high concentration of HORF, the same catalyst system shows a remarkably high selectivity for the formation of hexanol from 1-pentene with syngas, thus presenting a unique example of a selective rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation-hydrogenation tandem reaction under mild conditions. Time-dependent product formation during hydroamidomethylation batch experiments provides evidence for aldehyde and unsaturated intermediates; this clearly indicates the three-step hydroformylation/condensation/hydrogenation reaction sequence that takes place in hydroamidomethylation. One likely role of the weakly acidic protic promoter, HORF, in combination with the strong acid HOTs, is to establish a dual-functionality rhodium catalyst system comprised of a neutral rhodium(I) hydroformylation catalyst species and a cationic rhodium(III) complex capable of selectively reducing the imide and/or ene-amide intermediates that are in a dynamic, acid-catalyzed condensation equilibrium with the aldehyde and amide in a syngas environment. Taking control: A rhodium/xantphos homogeneous catalyst system has been developed for direct chemo- and regioselective mono-N-alkylation of primary amides with 1-alkenes and syngas through the new catalytic hydroamidomethylation reaction (see picture). Copyright
- Raoufmoghaddam, Saeed,Drent, Eite,Bouwman, Elisabeth
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p. 1759 - 1773
(2013/10/21)
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- Isopropenyl acetate, a remarkable, cheap and acylating agent of amines under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions: A systematic investigation
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Isopropenyl acetate was proved to be an efficient reagent for acetylation of amine in the absence of solvent and catalyst. The corresponding acetamides were obtained in very high yields without any purification.
- Pelagalli, Romina,Chiarotto, Isabella,Feroci, Marta,Vecchio, Stefano
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2251 - 2255
(2012/09/08)
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- Fabrication of asymmetric molecular junctions by the oriented assembly of dithiocarbamate rectifiers
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The oriented assembly of molecules on metals is a requirement for rectification in planar metal-molecule-metal junctions. Here, we demonstrate how the difference in adsorption kinetics between dithiocarbamate and thioacetate anchor groups can be utilized
- Gao, Deqing,Scholz, Frank,Nothofer, Heinz-Georg,Ford, William E.,Scherf, Ullrich,Wessels, Jurina M.,Yasuda, Akio,Von Wrochem, Florian
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5921 - 5930
(2011/06/16)
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- Aminodifluorosulfinium salts: Selective fluorination reagents with enhanced thermal stability and ease of handling
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Diethylaminodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate (XtalFluor-E) and morpholinodifluorosulfinium tetrafluoroborate (XtalFluor-M) are crystalline fluorinating agents that are more easily handled and significantly more stable than Deoxo-Fluor, DAST, and their analogues. These reagents can be prepared in a safer and more cost-efficient manner by avoiding the laborious and hazardous distillation of dialkylaminosulfur trifluorides. Unlike DAST, Deoxo-Fluor, and Fluolead, XtalFluor reagents do not generate highly corrosive free-HF and therefore can be used in standard borosilicate vessels. When used in conjunction with promoters such as Et3N3HF, Et3N2HF, or DBU, XtalFluor reagents effectively convert alcohols to alkyl fluorides and carbonyls to gem-difluorides. These reagents are typically more selective than DAST and Deoxo-Fluor and exhibit superior performance by providing significantly less elimination side products.
- Lheureux, Alexandre,Beaulieu, Francis,Bennett, Christopher,Bill, David R.,Clayton, Simon,Laflamme, Franois,Mirmehrabi, Mahmoud,Tadayon, Sam,Tovell, David,Couturier, Michel
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3401 - 3411
(2010/07/07)
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- DISUBSTITUTED-AMINODIFLUOROSULFINIUM SALTS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME AND METHOD OF USE AS DEOXOFLUORINATION REAGENTS
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The invention relates to disubstituted-aminodifluorosulfinium salts represented by the formula (I). Processes for preparing same and methods of use as deoxofluorinating reagent is also provided.
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Page/Page column 37
(2010/12/31)
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- Amidation through carbamates
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N-Alkyl carbamates of primary amines are easily converted into amides under treatment with Grignard reagents. Consequently, primary amines can be converted into amides in a one-pot reaction through carbamate protection and Grignard addition.
- Latorre, Antonio,Rodríguez, Santiago,Izquierdo, Javier,González, Florenci V.
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experimental part
p. 2653 - 2655
(2009/08/09)
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- Aromatic chlorination of ω-phenylalkylamines and ω- phenylalkylamides in carbon tetrachloride and α,α,α- trifluorotoluene
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The aromatic halogenation of simple alkylbenzenes with chlorine proceeds smoothly in acetic acid but is much less efficient in less polar solvents. By contrast chlorination of ω-phenylalkylamines, such as 3-phenylpropylamine, occurs readily in either acetic acid, carbon tetrachloride or α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, and in the latter solvents gives high proportions of ortho-chlorinated products. These effects are attributable to the involvement of N-chloroamines as reaction intermediates, with intramolecular delivery of the chlorine electrophile. ω-Phenylalkylamides, such as 3-phenylpropionamide, also easily undergo aromatic chlorination in carbon tetrachloride and α,α,α-trifluorotoluene. These reactions generally show a first-order dependence on the substrate concentration, but not on the amount of chlorine. With carbon tetrachloride, very similar reaction rates are observed with chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.1-1.5 M. In α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, the rates reach a plateau at a chlorine concentration of approximately 0.2 M. These features indicate that the reactions proceed via the formation of intermediates which evidence suggests may be the corresponding O-chloroimidates. Irrespective of the mechanistic details, the reactions are remarkably rapid, being faster than analogous reactions in acetic acid and three to four orders of magnitude more rapid than reactions of simple alkylbenzenes in carbon tetrachloride. Therefore, chlorination of the amines and amides may be accomplished without the need for highly polar solvents, added catalysts or large excesses of chlorine, which are often employed for electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Although the use of carbon tetrachloride is becoming increasingly impractical due to environmental concerns, the trifluorotoluene is a suitable alternative. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
- O'Connell, Jenny L.,Simpson, Jamie S.,Dumanski, Paul G.,Simpson, Gregory W.,Easton, Christopher J.
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p. 2716 - 2723
(2008/02/08)
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- ULTRAMINE: A high-capacity polyethylene-imine-based polymer and its application as a scavenger resin
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The synthesis of a novel high-loading polyethylene-imine resin (ULTRAMINE) is described, and its application as a scavenger resin in various acylation reactions is demonstrated. The inverse suspension polymerization technique was used for the synthesis of well-defined spherical polymer beads. Polymer beads with different cross-linking densities were synthesized according to the degree of acryloylation of the polyethylene-imine polymer. The resin was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The size, shape, and morphological features of the resin were demonstrated by microscopy. The resin showed excellent swelling properties in both polar and nonpolar solvents. The chemical stability of the resin in various reagents and solvents was investigated and monitored by IR spectroscopy. The mechanical stability of the beads was determined by a single-bead compressive experiment. The ULTRAMINE beads can be used as an excellent scavenger for excess acylating reagent, as demonstrated for a variety of reactions. UL-TRAMINE-red resin was derived from ULTRAMINE through exhaustive reduction of the amide carbonyl groups to yield an all-amine resin.
- Roice, Michael,Christensen, Soren F.,Meldal, Morten
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p. 4407 - 4415
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of sulfaphenazole derivatives and their use as inhibitors and tools for comparing the active sites of human liver cytochromes P450 of the 2C subfamily
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Twenty-three new derivatives of sulfaphenazole (SPA) were synthesized to further explore the topology of the active sites of human liver cytochromes P450 of the 2C subfamily and to find new selective inhibitors of these cytochromes. These compounds are derived from SPA by replacement of the NH2 and H (of the SO2NH function) substituents of SPA with various R1 and R2 groups, respectively. Their inhibitory effects were studied on recombinant CYP 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, and 2C19 expressed in yeast. High affinities for CYP 2C9 (IC50 2NH function and a relatively small R1 substituent (R1 = NH2, CH3). Any increase in the size of R1 led to a moderate decrease of the affinity, and the N-alkylation of the SO2NH function of SPA to a greater decrease of this affinity. The same structural changes led to opposite effects on molecular recognition by CYP 2C8 and 2C18, which generally exhibited similar behaviors. Thus, contrary to CYP 2C9, CYP 2C8 and 2C18 generally prefer neutral compounds with relatively large R1 and R2 substituents. CYP 2C19 showed an even lower affinity for anionic compounds than CYP 2C8 and 2C18. However, as CYP 2C8 and 2C18, CYP 2C19 showed a much better affinity for neutral compounds derived from N-alkylation of SPA and for anionic compounds bearing a larger R1 substituent. One of the new compounds (R1 = methyl, R2 = propyl) inhibited all human CYP 2Cs with IC50 values between 10 and 20 μM, while another one (R1 = allyl, R2 = methyl) inhibited all CYP 2Cs except CYP 2C9, and a third one (R1 = R2 = methyl) inhibited all CYP 2Cs except CYP 2C8. Only 2 compounds of the 25 tested derivatives were highly selective toward one human CYP 2C; these are SPA and compound 1 (R1 = CH3, R2 = H), which acted as selective CYP 2C9 inhibitors. However, some SPA derivatives selectively inhibited CYP 2C8 and 2C18. Since CYP 2C18 is hardly detectable in human liver, these derivatives could be interesting molecules to selectively inhibit CYP 2C8 in human liver microsomes. Thus, compound 11 (R1 = NH2, R2 = (CH2)2CH(CH3)2) appears to be particularly interesting for that purpose as its IC50 value for CYP 2C8 is low (3 μM) and 20-fold smaller than those found for CYP 2C9 and 2C19.
- Ha-Duong,Dijols,Marques-Soares,Minoletti,Dansette,Mansuy
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p. 3622 - 3631
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel phenylpiperazine derivatives as dual cytokine regulators with TNF-α suppressing and IL-10 augmenting activity
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Phenylpiperazine derivatives were synthesized as dual cytokine regulators with TNF-α suppressing and IL-10 augmenting activity. Lead optimization led to compound 5k having the potent regulatory activity and demonstrating remarkable protective effects against the lethal challenge of LPS in mice, suggesting that 5k would be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of TNF-α associated diseases including septic shock. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Hanano, Tokushi,Adachi, Kunitomo,Aoki, Yoshiyuki,Morimoto, Hiroshi,Naka, Yoichi,Hisadome, Masao,Fukuda, Tetsuko,Sumichika, Hiroshi
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p. 875 - 879
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient one-pot formation of amides from benzyl carbamates: Application to solid-phase synthesis
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A convenient one-pot protocol for the conversion of benzyl carbamates to amides is described. The general applicability of the procedure is illustrated using various types of substrates. This new method proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, in good yields, and without noticeable racemization. This protocol was applied to solid-phase synthesis to prepare amides and esters from Merrifield resin-bound carbamates and carbonates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Li, Wen-Ren,Yo, Ying-Chih,Lin, Yu-Sheng
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p. 8867 - 8875
(2007/10/03)
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- Lewis acid-catalyzed cleavage of carbamate and carbonate resins
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A procedure for the preparation of amides and esters on a Merrifield resin-bound benzyloxycarbonyl equivalent has been developed. Polymer-supported carbamates react cleanly with zinc bromide and the appropriate acyl halide in the presence of triethylamine to provide their corresponding amides in high yields and purities. Cleavage of resin-bound carbonates was carried out using the similar reagent systems in the absence of triethylamine to give acetates or benzoates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Li,Lin,Yo
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p. 6619 - 6622
(2007/10/03)
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- Dopamine autoreceptor agonists as potential antipsychotics. 2. (Aminoalkoxy)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones
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The synthesis and pharmacological properties of a novel type of [(arylpiperazinyl)alkoxy]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones with dopaminergic activity are described. The nature of the arylpiperazine (AP) moiety determines the dopamine (DA) agonist/antagonist character of this series of compounds; when the aryl portion of the AP is unsubstituted the compounds appear to be DA autoreceptor agonists while substituted aryl groups seem to impart DA antagonist activity. A heterocyclic piperazine, 7-[3-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]propoxy]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (31, PD 119819) has been identified as an extremely selective DA autoreceptor agonist in tests that include [3H]haloperiodol binding, inhibition of spontaneous locomotor activity, inhibition of brain DA synthesis, inhibition of brain DA neuronal firing, stereotypy assessment, and reversal of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced akinesia in rats. In addition, 31 possesses good oral activity in the Sidman avoidance test in squirrel monkeys, a predictor of clinical antipsychotic efficacy. In another primate model, 31 has been found to lack the liability for extrapyramidal side effects observed with currently available antipsychotic drugs.
- Jaen,Wise,Heffner,Pugsley,Meltzer
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p. 248 - 256
(2007/10/02)
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