- Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67 (ZIF-67) supported PdCu nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic activity in Sonogashira-Hagihara and nitro group reduction under mild conditions
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A bimetallic PdCu supported on amine functionalized ZIF-67 is shown to be efficient catalyst in Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction of aryl iodides at room temperature and aryl bromides at 40 oC. In addition, the catalyst is used in the reduction of 4-
- Gholinejad, Mohammad,Naghshbandi, Zhwan,Sansano, Jose M.
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- Copper(0) nanoparticle catalyzed Z-Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Internal Alkynes
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The use of copper(0) nanoparticles in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes has been investigated as a lead-free alternative to Lindlar catalysts. A stereo-selective methodology for the hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding (Z)-alkenes in high isolated yields (86% average) has been developed. This green and sustainable transfer hydrogenation protocol relies on non-noble copper nanoparticles for reduction of both electron-rich and electron-deficient, aliphatic-substituted and aromatic- substituted internal alkynes. Polyols, such as ethylene glycol and glycerol, have been proven to act as hydrogen sources, and excellent stereo- and chemoselectivity have been observed. Enabling technologies, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation are shown to enhance heat and mass transfer, whether used alone or in combination, resulting in a decrease in reaction time from hours to minutes. (Figure presented.).
- Moran, Maria Jesus,Martina, Katia,Bieliunas, Vidmantas,Baricco, Francesca,Tagliapietra, Silvia,Berlier, Gloria,De Borggraeve, Wim M.,Cravotto, Giancarlo
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supporting information
p. 2850 - 2860
(2021/05/06)
-
- Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbine Silver(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Acylated Piperazine Linker and Catalytic Activity in Three Types of C—C Coupling Reactions
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Two bis-imidazolium salts LH2·Cl2 and LH2·(PF6)2 with acylated piperazine linker and two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes [L2Ag2](PF6)2 (1) and [L2Pd2Cl4] (2) were prepared. The crystal structures of LH2·Cl2 and 1 were confirmed by X-ray analysis. In 1, one 26-membered macrometallocycle was generated through two silver(I) ions and two bidentate ligands L. The catalytic activity of 2 was investigated in Sonogashira, Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The results displayed that these C—C coupling reactions can be smoothly carried out under the catalysis of 2.
- Liu, Qingxiang,Zhang, Xiantao,Zhao, Zhixiang,Li, Xinying,Zhang, Wei
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supporting information
p. 605 - 613
(2021/02/01)
-
- Electrochemically Enabled Selenium Catalytic Synthesis of 2,1-Benzoxazoles fromo-Nitrophenylacetylenes
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The study reported an electrochemically mediated method for the preparation of 2,1-benzoxazoles fromo-nitrophenylacetylenes. Different from the traditional electrochemical reduction of nitro to nitroso, the nitro group directly underwent a cyclization rea
- Wang, Lin-Wei,Feng, Yu-Feng,Lin, Hong-Min,Tang, Hai-Tao,Pan, Ying-Ming
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p. 16121 - 16127
(2021/03/09)
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- Catalytic asymmetric formal [3+2] cycloaddition of isatogens with azlactones to construct indolin-3-one derivatives
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The chiral amide-guanidine-catalyzed asymmetric formal [3+2] cycloaddition of isatogens with azlactones is presented. This strategy provided a facile and feasible route to chiral indolin-3-one derivatives bearing two contiguous tetrasubstituted stereocent
- Xie, Lihua,Li, Yi,Dong, Shunxi,Feng, Xiaoming,Liu, Xiaohua
-
supporting information
p. 239 - 242
(2021/01/14)
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- A Co-Cu bimetallic magnetic nanocatalyst with synergistic and bifunctional performance for the base-free Suzuki, Sonogashira, and C-N cross-coupling reactions in water
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A novel magnetically recyclable bimetallic catalyst was prepared by anchoring imidazolium moiety and PEG chains on Fe3O4 NPs and named as Fe3O4?PEG/Cu-Co. It was found to be a powerful catalyst for the Sonogashira, Suzuki, and C-N cross-coupling reactions in water as a green solvent without the need for any external base. Fe3O4?PEG/Cu-Co was well characterized with FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, VSM, EDX, ICP, UV-visible, CV, and XPS analyses. Optimum ranges of parameters such as time, temperature, and amount of catalyst were investigated by Design-Expert 10.0.7 software for C-C Suzuki, Sonogashira, and C-N cross-coupling reactions to find the optimum conditions. The catalyst was compatible with a variety of aryl halides and N-arenes and gave favorable coupling products with good to high yields for all of them. Hot filtration and Hg poisoning tests involving the nanocatalyst revealed the stability, low metal leaching, and heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Reaction mechanisms were proposed by study of the UV-visible spectra in situ as well as hydroquinone tests during the progress of reactions. In situ XPS analysis was also used to study the reaction mechanism. To prove the synergistic performance of Co and Cu in the catalyst, its various homologues were synthesized and applied to a model reaction separately, and then their catalytic activities were investigated. Finally, the catalyst could be recovered from the reaction mixture simply, and reused for several cycles with a minimum loss in catalytic activity and performance.
- Allahresani, Ali,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Rezazadeh, Zinat
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p. 10645 - 10660
(2020/09/18)
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- Sustainable Ligand-Free Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents
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The commercially available and cheap Pd/C was found to promote Sonogashira couplings in the environmentally friendly choline chloride/glycerol eutectic mixture in the absence of external ligands. Under heterogeneous conditions, (hetero)aryl iodides were successfully coupled with both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes in yields ranging from 50 to 99 % within 3 h at 60 °C. The aforementioned catalytic system proved to be effective also towards electron-rich iodides, which are notoriously known to be poorly reactive in Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions. The eutectic mixture and the catalyst could easily and successfully be recycled up to four times with an E-factor as low as 24.4.
- Messa, Francesco,Dilauro, Giuseppe,Perna, Filippo M.,Vitale, Paola,Capriati, Vito,Salomone, Antonio
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p. 1979 - 1984
(2020/02/20)
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- Copper(0)/PPh3-Mediated Bisheteroannulations of o-Nitroalkynes with Methylketoximes Accessing Pyrazo-Fused Pseudoindoxyls
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A copper(0)/PPh3-mediated cascade bisheteroannulation reaction of o-nitroalkynes with methylketoximes has been developed that provides viable access to a diverse range of pyrazo-fused pseudoindoxyl compounds. Synthetically useful functional groups including sensitive C-I bonds are compatible with this system. Mechanistic studies suggest a reaction cascade involving sequential PPh3-mediated deoxygenative cycloisomerization and copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] pyrazo-annulation.
- Meng, Huanxin,Xu, Zhenhua,Qu, Zhonghua,Huang, Huawen,Deng, Guo-Jun
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supporting information
p. 6117 - 6121
(2020/08/12)
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- Divergent Syntheses of Indoles and Quinolines Involving N1-C2-C3 Bond Formation through Two Distinct Pd Catalyses
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Pd-catalyzed annulative couplings of 2-alkenylanilines with aldehydes using alcohols as both the solvent and hydrogen source have been developed. These domino processes allow divergent syntheses of two significant N-heterocycles, indoles and quinolines, from the same substrate by tuning reaction parameters, which seems to invoke two distinct mechanisms. The nature of the ligand and alcoholic solvent had a profound influence on the selectivity and efficiency of these protocols. Particularly noteworthy is that indole formation was achieved by overcoming two significant challenges, regioselective hydropalladation of alkenes and subsequent reactions between the resulting Csp3-Pd species and less reactive imines.
- San Jang, Su,Kim, Young Ho,Youn, So Won
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supporting information
p. 9151 - 9157
(2020/11/03)
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- Pd/Cu-free Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions applying cobalt nanoparticles supported on multifunctional porous organic hybrid
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A new heterogeneous cobalt catalyst has been synthesized by immobilizing Co species onto a nitrogen-rich porous organic polymer (Co@imine-POP). The heterogeneous catalyst synthesized was efficient in Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions in green media under mild reaction conditions without inert air and phase transfer agents. This phosphine-, copper-, and palladium-free catalyst was stable under the reaction conditions and could be reused for at least eight successive runs without a discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Khorsandi, Zahra
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- Synthesis of Diarylacetylenes Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Groups via the Smiles Rearrangement
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Nitrobenzyl benzothiazol-2-yl sulfones and nitrobenzyl 1-phenyl-1 H -tetrazol-5-yl sulfones react with chlorides of aromatic acids to form β-acyl derivatives. These products undergo the Smiles rearrangement resulting in the formation of the corresponding nitrophenyl arylacetylenes in 50-60% overall yields (approx. 75% per step). Sulfones bearing CF 3 or CN groups instead of a NO 2 substituent form mixtures of the acetylenes in moderate yields and benzyl aryl ketones in yields above 40%.
- Bujok, Robert,Makosza, Mieczys?aw
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p. 3109 - 3116
(2019/08/07)
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- Magnetic Cu–Schiff base complex with an ionic tail as a recyclable bifunctional catalyst for base/Pd-free Sonogashira coupling reaction
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Abstract: A Cu(II)–Schiff base complex containing imidazolium ionic phase was prepared and decorated on γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB) and found to be an efficient catalyst for the Pd- and base-free Sonogashira coupling reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD spectroscopy, EDX spectroscopy, VSM, ICP spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The coupling reactions were performed using the catalyst under mild and base-free conditions, and high-to-excellent yields were obtained for a variety of substrates. The catalyst demonstrates a dual-functionality arising from metal sites and imidazolium moieties and that the later plays a base role. Reusability and stability of γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB were studied several times, which can be reused up to eight consecutive runs with at least reduction in catalytic activity. Also, the mechanism of this bifunctional catalytic system was thoroughly investigated. Graphic abstract: A new and efficient method has been developed for the base- and Pd-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with phenyl acetylene using a bifunctional γ-Fe2O3@Cu(II)IL-SB catalyst with imidazolium moiety under mild conditions[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Rezazadeh, Zinat,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Allahresani, Ali
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p. 2693 - 2705
(2019/07/23)
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- Enhanced catalytic activity of CuI/diethoxyphosphoryl-1,10-phenanthrolines in ‘on water’ Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction
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The use of CuI/diethoxyphosphoryl-1,10-phenanthrolines and ‘on water’ conditions in the Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes significantly increases the reaction rate as compared to that in organic solvents.
- Mitrofanov, Alexander Yu.,Beletskaya, Irina P.
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p. 378 - 379
(2019/08/16)
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- The CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42-/Cu nanoparticles: An efficient magnetically recyclable multifunctional Lewis/Br?nsted acid nanocatalyst for the ligand- and Pd-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in water
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Herein, the synthesis and application of copper-incorporated sulfated zirconium oxide supported on CuFe2O4 NPs (CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42-/Cu NPs) as a novel Lewis/Br?nsted acid nanocatalyst were studied for the Sonogashira C-C cross-coupling reaction. The fabricated CuFe2O4@SiO2@ZrO2/SO42-/Cu catalyst exhibited efficient activity for a large variety of aryl iodides/bromides and, most importantly, aryl chlorides in water and in the presence of NaOH as a base in short reaction times. The catalyst was fully characterized by FTIR, TG-DTG, VSM, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM and TEM analyses. A synergetic effect could be considered to have arisen from the various Lewis acid and Br?nsted acid sites present in the catalyst. The efficient incorporation of copper into zirconia provided a robust highly stable hybrid, which prevented any metal leaching, whether from the magnetite moiety and/or Cu sites in the reaction mixture. Moreover, the catalyst was successfully recovered from the mixture by a simple external magnet and reused for at least 9 consecutive runs. Zero metal leaching, stability, consistency with a variety of substrates, fast performance, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and preparation with accessible and cheap materials are some of the advantages and highlights of the current protocol.
- Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Alavi, Seyyedeh Ameneh,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Allahresani, Ali
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p. 20749 - 20759
(2019/07/12)
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- Synthesis of Aryl Alkynes via Copper Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkynylation of 2-Nitrobenzoic Acids
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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of internal aryl alkynes was achieved via Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative alkynylation of benzoic acids with terminal alkynes. This approach utilizes simple Cu salt as catalyst and O2, an abundant, clean, and green material, as the oxidant. The reaction tolerates various functional groups, and a variety of internal aryl alkynes were synthesized in 46-83% yields.
- Yu, Yongqi,Chen, Xiang,Wu, Qianlong,Liu, Da,Hu, Liang,Yu, Lin,Tan, Ze,Gui, Qingwen,Zhu, Gangguo
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supporting information
p. 8556 - 8566
(2018/06/29)
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- A novel and highly efficient polyaniline-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube-supported cu(I) complex for Sonogashira coupling reactions of aryl halides with phenylacetylene
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A polyaniline-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube-supported Cu(I) complex was developed as an efficient catalyst for the Sonogashira reactions of aryl halides with phenylacetylene in the presence of potassium hydroxide in dimethylformamide at 135?°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The corresponding products were generated in good to excellent yields using this catalytic system. Moreover, the multiwall carbon nanotube-supported Cu(I) catalyst was simply recycled and reused for six consecutive runs.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Jajarmi, Saeideh
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- Visible-Light-Assisted Cobalt-2-(hydroxyimino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one Complex Catalyzed Pd/Cu-Free Sonogashira–Hagihara Cross-Coupling Reaction
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An effective and inexpensive strategy for the Co(C9H9NO2)3 catalyzed Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides containing electron-rich and electron-poor substituents with terminal alkynes wa
- Song, Jin-Yi,Zhou, Xuan,Song, He,Liu, Yang,Zhao, Hong-Yan,Sun, Zhi-Zhong,Chu, Wen-Yi
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p. 758 - 762
(2018/01/27)
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- C-C Coupling on Single-Atom-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst
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Compared to homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis allows for ready separation of products from the catalyst and thus reuse of the catalyst. C-C coupling is typically performed on a molecular catalyst which is mixed with reactants in liquid phase
- Zhang, Xiaoyan,Sun, Zaicheng,Wang, Bin,Tang, Yu,Nguyen, Luan,Li, Yuting,Tao, Franklin Feng
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supporting information
p. 954 - 962
(2018/02/07)
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- Pd(NHC)PEPPSI-diazonium salts: An efficient blend for the decarboxylative Sonogashira cross coupling reaction
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An efficient N-heterocyclic carbene based Pd complex is described for the de-carboxylative Sonogashira coupling reaction with diazonium salts under ligand and co-catalyst free conditions. Pd(NHC)PEPPSI not only offers an air and moisture stable pre-cataly
- Bhojane, Jeevan Manohar,Jadhav, Vilas Gangadhar,Nagarkar, Jayashree Milind
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supporting information
p. 6775 - 6780
(2017/07/17)
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- Tetraalkynylstannanes in the Stille cross coupling reaction: a new effective approach to arylalkynes
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The Stille-type cross coupling reaction with tetraalkynylstannanes was studied in detail for the first time. The reaction provides a simple and effective route towards a variety of arylalkynes. The advantages and limitations of the proposed procedure are discussed.
- Levashov, Andrey S.,Buryi, Dmitrii S.,Goncharova, Olga V.,Konshin, Valeriy V.,Dotsenko, Victor V.,Andreev, Alexey A.
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supporting information
p. 2910 - 2918
(2017/04/14)
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- Ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck couplings of (Het)aryl chlorides and bromides catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on in situ generated Al(OH)3
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The ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira reaction of (Het)aryl halides (Br and Cl) with various terminal alkynes and the Heck coupling of (Het)aryl halides (Br and Cl) with a series of olefins, catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on newly generated Al(OH)3, were developed. The catalyst can be readily recovered and reused 6 times without significant loss of activity and palladium leaching.
- Li, Xing,Gong, Xiaolei,Li, Zhipeng,Chang, Honghong,Gao, Wenchao,Wei, Wenlong
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p. 2475 - 2479
(2017/02/05)
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- Gallic acid-derived palladium(0) nanoparticles as in situ-formed catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in ethanol under open air
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A simple and eco-friendly protocol using gallic acid-derived palladium(0) nanoparticles as in situ-formed catalyst for Sonogashira reactions in ethanol under optimum thermal conditions have been developed. Excellent yields were obtained with the addition of a small amount of gallic acid (1 mol%) to the reaction mixture. The formation of the PdNPs was confirmed by using UV/Vis spectroscopy, and their size and morphology were determined by TEM and XRD analysis. Both aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes displayed efficient reactivity with the catalytic system. Moreover, the reaction condition is highly compatible with less reactive aryl bromides at moderate temperature, and further can be reused repeatedly up to four cycles. Since gallic acid is a non-toxic naturally abundant phytochemical, the present method provides an efficient alternative route for Sonogashira reaction with natural feedstock as additive.
- Sarmah, Manashi,Mondal, Manoj,Gohain, Shivanee Borpatra,Bora, Utpal
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-
- An ambient temperature Sonogashira cross-coupling protocol using 4-aminobenzoic acid as promoter under copper and amine free conditions
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A new methodology has been developed based on Pd(OAc)2 and 4-aminobenzoic acid catalytic system for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction at ambient temperature under copper and amine free conditions. The newly developed catalytic system is conveniently applicable to the aryl iodides and terminal acetylenes. The catalytic system is much efficient because of the use of easily available and low cost additive.
- Das, Sameeran Kumar,Sarmah, Manashi,Bora, Utpal
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p. 2094 - 2097
(2017/05/10)
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- In situ generation of palladium nanoparticles using agro waste and their use as catalyst for copper-, amine- and ligand-free Sonogashira reaction
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The use of water extract of waste papaya bark ash for the in situ generation of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) as an efficient and environmentally friendly basic medium for the Sonogashira reaction at room temperature is reported. This methodology follows green chemistry principles as the reaction is performed using agro waste (natural feedstock) for the generation of the Pd NPs as well as for providing a basic medium for the reaction in the absence of any additional organic or inorganic base, ligand and copper salt, giving excellent yield of cross-coupled product at room temperature. The reaction conditions are compatible with electronically diverse aryl iodides and electronically diverse alkyne derivatives.
- Dewan, Anindita,Sarmah, Manashi,Bora, Utpal,Thakur, Ashim J.
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-
- One-Pot Synthesis of Indole Derivatives from the Reaction of Nitroalkynes and Alkynes via a Mercury-Carbene Intermediate
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The cyclization of nitroalkyne catalyzed by Hg(OTf) 2 to produce the corresponding benzo[ c ]isoxazole in excellent yields with high selectivity is reported. On the basis of this strategy, a one-pot method to synthesize indole derivatives has been developed. In this transformation, two Hg-carbene intermediates are proposed to be involved..
- Zheng, Min,Chen, Kai,Zhu, Shifa
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p. 4173 - 4182
(2017/09/13)
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- Formation of C-C, C-S and C-N bonds catalysed by supported copper nanoparticles
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Transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling reactions are still dominated by palladium chemistry. Within the recent past, copper has gained ground against palladium by virtue of its cheaper price and equivalent function in certain reactions. Four catalysts consisting of copper nanoparticles on zeolite, titania, montmorillonite and activated carbon have been tested in three palladium- and ligand-free cross-coupling reactions to form carbon-carbon, carbon-sulfur and carbon-nitrogen bonds. CuNPs/zeolite has been found to be the best one in the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides and arylacetylenes, as well as in the coupling of aryl halides with aryl and alkyl thiols, being reusable in both cases. However, the arylation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles (imidazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole and indole) has been better accomplished with CuNPs/titania, albeit CuNPs/activated carbon showed better recycling properties. The catalytic activity of the nanostructured catalysts has been compared with that of twelve commercial copper catalysts, with the former outperforming the latter in the three types of reactions studied.
- Mitrofanov, Alexander Yu.,Murashkina, Arina V.,Martín-García, Iris,Alonso, Francisco,Beletskaya, Irina P.
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p. 4401 - 4412
(2017/10/13)
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- Gold(i)-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted indoles from 2-alkynylnitroarenes with diboron as reductant
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An efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted indoles via a diboron/base promoted tandem reductive cyclization of o-alkynylnitroarene under Au catalysis conditions has been disclosed. This reaction is efficient and convenient, affording 2-substituted indoles with broad functional groups tolerance and excellent yields.
- Fu, Wenqiang,Yang, Kai,Chen, Jinglong,Song, Qiuling
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p. 8354 - 8360
(2017/10/19)
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- Immobilization of copper complexes with (1,10-phenanthrolinyl)phosphonates on titania supports for sustainable catalysis
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Different strategies for the immobilization of copper complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) using the phosphonate anchoring group were investigated to prepare robust and porous heterogeneous catalysts. Homoleptic and heteroleptic copper(i) complexes with phen bearing the bis(trimethylsiloxy)phosphoryl anchoring group (Pphen-Si) at different positions of the phen backbone were prepared and covalently incorporated into titania (TiO2) xerogels by using the sol-gel process or grafted onto the surface of mesoporous TiO2 (SBET = 650 m2 g-1). Copper(i) bis(Pphen-Si) complexes were the only complexes that were successfully anchored onto the TiO2 surface because the heterogenization was often accompanied by the undesirable dissociation of copper complexes. Hybrid materials based on copper(i) chelates with one phen ligand were obtained following a two-step procedure involving the immobilization of Pphen-Si chelators and their successive complexation with copper(i) ions. Porous material, Cu/6b/SM/A, displaying a BET surface area of 243 m2 g-1 and bearing 0.57 mmol g-1 of the complex was synthesized according to this approach. Excellent catalytic performance of the reusable Cu/6b/SM/A material in the Sonogashira-type coupling and the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was also demonstrated. This solid represents the first example of mesoporous TiO2-supported transition metal catalysts.
- Mitrofanov, Alexander,Brandès, Stéphane,Herbst, Frédéric,Rigolet, Séverinne,Bessmertnykh-Lemeune, Alla,Beletskaya, Irina
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p. 12216 - 12235
(2017/07/11)
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- Pd/Cu-free Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction by Co nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic chitosan as reusable catalyst
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Chitosan (CS) is a porous, self-standing, nanofibrillar microsphere that can be used as a metal carrier. Amino groups on CS enable to modulate cobalt coordination using a safe organic ligand (methyl salicylate). This catalyst efficiently promotes Heck cross-coupling of a large library of functional substrates under mild and sustainable conditions (polyethylene glycol as solvent at 80 °C in a short time (1 h)). The cobalt complex was also used as a heterogeneous, efficient, inexpensive, and green catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The reactions of various aryl halides and phenylacetylene provided the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. More importantly, this phosphine, copper, and palladium-free catalyst was stable under the reaction conditions and could be easily reused using an external magnet for at least five successive runs without a discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Rezaei, Fatemeh,Khorsandi, Zahra
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supporting information
p. 1353 - 1361
(2017/08/18)
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- Urea as mild and efficient additive for palladium catalyzed Sonogashira cross coupling reaction
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A catalytic system based on Pd(OAc)2/urea has been developed for Sonogashira cross coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes at room temperature. This catalytic system effectively promotes Sonogashira coupling of both aryl iodides and aryl bromides to give polyfunctional alkynes under copper and amine free conditions. The catalytic system is readily accessible, inexpensive and highly flexible for both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes.
- Sarmah, Manashi,Dewan, Anindita,Thakur, Ashim J.,Bora, Utpal
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p. 914 - 916
(2016/02/05)
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- A green protocol for ligand, copper and base free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction
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A convenient methodology has been developed for palladium catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction under mild and green reaction conditions. The reaction is catalyzed by an in situ generated catalytic system based on Pd(OAc)2and WEB (water extract of banana peels ash) in the absence of any organic or inorganic base, ligand and copper salt with excellent yield of cross coupled product. The reaction condition is compatible with electronically diversified aryl iodides and electronically diversified aryl or aliphatic alkyne. The present method developed for the Sonogashira reaction offers many advantages including high conversion, high economy, the involvement of non-toxic green substrates, etc.
- Dewan, Anindita,Sarmah, Manashi,Bora, Utpal,Thakur, Ashim J.
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supporting information
p. 3760 - 3763
(2016/07/26)
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- Nicotine functionalized-silica palladium (II) complex: a highly efficient, environmentally benign and recyclable nanocatalyst for C-C bond forming reactions under mild conditions
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An environmentally friendly silica-grafted nicotine-based palladium(II) complex was successfully prepared and evaluated for the first time as novel and efficient nanocatalyst in C-C bond forming reactions. Grafted-nicotine in this catalytic system plays an important role, and as an effective ligand and a quaternary ammonium salt demonstrates an efficient stabilizing effect on the Pd(II) species by a synergistic effect of coordination and electrostatic interactions. The catalyst was well characterized by FT-IR, CHN, XRD, TEM, SEM–EDX, ICP and TG analysis, and demonstrated a highly efficient catalytic activity in the reaction system under phosphine-free and low Pd loading conditions, and the coupled products were produced in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without a significant loss of activity. Copyright
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Tadayoni, Nayereh S.,Mohammadsaleh, Fatemeh
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p. 777 - 782
(2016/09/04)
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- Synthesis and characterization of functionalized titania-supported Pd catalyst deriving from new orthopalladated complex of benzophenone imine: Catalytic activity in the copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions at low palladium loadings
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The present work describes the preparation of organically modified TiO2-supported Pd catalyst originated from the new benzophenone imine-derived CN-palladacycle. The heterogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst system has been characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM and XPS techniques and exhibited good catalytic activity in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of phenylacetylene with aryl halides under copper-, amine- and phosphine-free conditions, in conjunction with the ultra low catalyst Pd-loading. Significantly, the heterogeneous Pd catalyst allowed the reaction of phenylacetylene with aryl iodides to improve in excellent yields under very mild conditions using green solvent. Finally, the reusability of the supported Pd-complex was investigated by multiple reuses of the supported catalyst in subsequent Sonogashira cross-couplings.
- Karami, Kazem,Abedanzadeh, Sedigheh,Hervés, Pablo
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p. 93660 - 93672
(2016/10/18)
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- Synthesis, structure and catalysis of a NHC-Pd(II) complex based on a tetradentate mixed ligand
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Bis-benzimidazolium salt (S)-2,2′-bis[2′′-(N-picolyl-benzimidazoliumyl)ethoxy]-1,1′-binaphthyl hexafluorophosphate [(S)-LH2]·(PF6)2 and its NHC palladium(ii) complex [(S)-LPd](PF6)2 (1) have been prepared and characterized. Complex 1 is formed by one tetradentate mixed ligand (S)-L and one Pd(ii) ion, in which one 15-membered ring and two 6-membered rings are present. In this complex, intramolecular π-π interactions between naphthalene rings and benzimidazole rings are observed. Additionally, the catalytic activity of complex 1 in three types of C-C coupling reactions (Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck-Mizoroki and Sonogashira reactions) was investigated. The results show that complex 1 is an effective catalyst in these coupling reactions.
- Liu, Qing-Xiang,Cai, Kang-Qing,Zhao, Zhi-Xiang
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p. 85568 - 85578
(2015/11/03)
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- Palladium nanoparticles supported on modified polystyrene resin as a polymeric catalyst for Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reactions
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Pd(0) nanoparticles supported on modified crosslinked polystyrene were synthesized and characterized. Crosslinked polystyrene was reacted with trioxane and chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of SnCl4 to form Merrifield resin. The Merrifield
- Tamami, Bahman,Nowroozi Dodeji, Fatemeh,Ghasemi, Soheila
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p. 880 - 885
(2015/08/06)
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- A palladium salen complex: An efficient catalyst for the Sonogashira reaction at room temperature
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A tetradentate Schiff base derived palladium complex has been developed as a catalyst for the room temperature Sonogashira reaction under copper free conditions. The main catalytic species, a Pd-complex was derived from Schiff base ligand N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-arylmethanediamine and Pd(OAc)2. Electron rich, electron deficient and sterically hindered aryl iodides underwent smooth coupling to afford good to excellent yield of diaryl alkynes in isopropanol at room temperature. The protocol is also suitable for aliphatic alkynes.
- Gogoi, Ankur,Dewan, Anindita,Borah, Geetika,Bora, Utpal
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supporting information
p. 3341 - 3344
(2015/05/20)
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- A highly efficient copper and ligand free protocol for the room temperature Sonogashira reaction
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A mild and efficient catalytic system based on PdCl2 and Na2SO4 has been developed for the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides at room temperature. The system provides a simple route to obtain polyfunctional alkynes under ligand and copper free conditions. The procedure is equally efficient for aliphatic alkynes and aryl bromides. This journal is
- Gogoi, Ankur,Dewan, Anindita,Bora, Utpal
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- Direct use of nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst: Pd0-doped CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles for Sonogashira coupling reaction
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A magnetically separable nanocatalyst prepared by incorporating Pd nanoparticles onto CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles was found to be very effective in catalyzing Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. In this green synthetic process, it is not necessary to use an external linker to support the palladium nanoparticles onto the cobalt ferrite matrix. The catalyst is effective without the use of any ligand or copper additive. The reaction works smoothly in ethanol at 70 °C with both aryl iodides and bromides to produce corresponding product in high yield. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst could be easily separated using an external magnet and reused up to five catalytic cycles with sustained catalytic activity.
- Roy, Subhasish,Senapati, Kula Kamal,Phukan, Prodeep
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p. 5753 - 5767
(2015/07/08)
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- Methionine: A green and efficient promoter for copper-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions
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In the presence of amino acids as environmentally friendly ligands, CuI-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling of various aryl halides with phenylacetylene was conducted to afford the corresponding internal alkynes. l-Methionine was found to be useful for t
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Mohammadsaleh, Fatemeh
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p. 787 - 792
(2016/01/25)
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- Microwave-assisted Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by CN-ortho-palladated complex of tribenzylamine under copper-free conditions
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Abstract The catalytic activity of [Pd{C6H4(CH2N(CH2Ph)2)} (μ-Br)]2 complex as an efficient, stable and non-sensitive to air and moisture catalyst was investigated in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. In the presence of catalytic amount of this homogeneous catalytic system, various aryl halides were efficiently coupled with phenylacetylene under copper-free conditions. The substituted internal alkynes were produced in excellent yields in short reaction times in NMP at 100°. The combination of dimeric complex as homogenous catalyst and microwave irradiation and also NMP as microwave-active polar solvent gave higher yields in shorter reaction times.
- Hajipour, Abdol R.,Rafiee, Fatemeh
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p. 1163 - 1169
(2015/06/02)
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- Copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by an efficient dimeric C,N-palladacycle in DMF/H2O
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Very small concentrations of a dimeric C,N-palladacycle were used as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions between various aryl halides and phenylacetylene. The catalytic reactions were performed without the need for copper in DMF/H2O. This catalytic system shows excellent yields for aryl iodides and bromides and even in the case of aryl chlorides.
- Karami, Kazem,Haghighat Naeini, Nasrin
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p. 1199 - 1207
(2016/03/01)
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- Copper(i) catalyzed Sonogashira reactions promoted by monobenzyl nicotinium chloride, a N-donor quaternary ammonium salt
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A novel and effective catalytic system using monobenzylnicotinium chloride combined with copper(i) chloride was employed for the first time in Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of phenylacetylene with various aryl halides. The goal was to use an efficient green media by using copper instead of palladium in metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Monobenzyl nicotinium chloride, a quaternary ammonium salt containing a coordinating centre, plays an important role in this catalytic system and increases the efficiency of Cu(i) species during the reaction. A number of internal alkynes were produced in moderate to excellent yields in short reaction times in DMF at 135-140 °C. The efficiency of this catalytic system was compared with the copper-based catalyst obtained from dibenzylnicotinium chloride which has no N-donor active site, wherein lower activity was observed due to lack of a coordination site.
- Hajipour, Abdol Reza,Boostani, Elaheh,Mohammadsaleh, Fatemeh
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p. 94369 - 94374
(2015/11/17)
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- 2-Aryl-3H-indol-3-ones: Synthesis, electrochemical behaviour and antiplasmodial activities
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The synthesis of indolone derivatives and their antiplasmodial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum at the blood stage are described. The 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones were synthesized via deoxygenation of indolone-N-oxides. Electrochemical behaviour, antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity on human tumor cell lines were compared to those of indolone-N-oxides. The antiplasmodial IC50 (concentrations at 50% inhibition) of these compounds ranged between 49 and 1327 nM. Among them, the 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-methoxy- indol-3-one, 7, had the best antiplasmodial activity in vitro (IC50 = 49 nM; FcB1 strain) and selectivity index (SI (CC50 MCF7/IC 50 FcB1) = 423.4). Thus, the hits identified in this deoxygenated series correspond to their structural homologs in the N-oxide series with comparable electrochemical behaviour at the nitrogen-carbon double bond.
- Najahi, Ennaji,Valentin, Alexis,Fabre, Paul-Louis,Reybier, Karine,Nepveu, Fran?oise
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p. 269 - 274
(2014/04/17)
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- Copper- and Phosphane-Free Sonogashira Coupling of Arenediazonium o-Benzenedisulfonimides
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Arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides can be used as efficient reagents in Sonogashira coupling reactions. In this work, reactions were carried out in DMSO under very mild conditions (without copper or phosphanes), and gave rise to arylated alkynes in good to excellent yields (25 examples, average yield 83 %). o-Benzenedisulfonimide could be recovered from all the reactions in yields of >80 %, so it could be recycled for the preparation of other diazonium salts. Mechanistic insights revealed the fundamental roles of DMSO and the anion of o-benzenedisulfonimide in the formation of the catalyst, and also the importance of DMSO in the catalytic cycle. The Sonogashira coupling between are diazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides and terminal alkynes is a powerful method for the formation of arylated alkynes. No copper, phosphanes, bases, or co-catalysts are needed. Mechanistic insights highlighted the fundamental roles of DMSO and o-benzenedisulfonimide in the formation of the catalyst, and also the important role of DMSO in the catalytic cycle.
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Dughera, Stefano
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p. 598 - 605
(2015/10/05)
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- Phosphane-ligated ionic palladium complexes: Synthesis, characterization and application as efficient and reusable precatalysts for the homogeneous carbonylative sonogashira reaction under CuI-free conditions
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The stable ionic PdII complexes 1A-4A were synthesized through the complexation of PdCl2(MeCN)2 with the phosphane-functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) 1-4 with π-acceptor character. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showed that 1A-4A were all composed of PdII-centred square-planar cations and triflate (OTf-, CF3SO3-) counteranions. The complex cations in 1A-3A possessed structural similarity to trans-PdCl2(PPh3)2. The cation in 4A was a new PdII-centered planar complex ligated by the phosphane-carbon anion-carbene (PCC) pincer in a tripodal manner. The stabilities of 1A-4A were improved due to the intensive π-backbonding interaction between the Pd and P atoms. When complexes 1A-4A were used as precatalysts for homogeneous carbonylative Sonogashira coupling of PhI with phenylacetylene free of CuI, 1A-3A exhibited excellent catalytic behaviour with a TON of up to 1700 at a CO pressure of 0.5 MPa and moderate temperature of 100 °C, whereas 4A exhibited poor activity towards the transformation of PhI due to the high stability of 4A. The recycling experiments of 3A in [Bpy]BF4 (as a solvent) indicated that 3A could be recycled for 5 runs with neither activity loss nor metal leaching into the organic phase. Complex 3A also proved to be a general precatalyst for the carbonylative Sonogashira couplings of a wide range of aryl iodides with phenylacetylene. The selectivity of the desired carbonylation product depended more on electronic effects than the steric effects of the substituents of the aryl iodides.
- Zhang, Jing,Wang, Yongyong,Zhao, Xiaoli,Liu, Ye
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p. 975 - 985
(2015/04/27)
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- Copper- and phosphane-free sonogashira coupling of arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides
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Arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides can be used as efficient reagents in Sonogashira coupling reactions. In this work, reactions were carried out in DMSO under very mild conditions (without copper or phosphanes), and gave rise to arylated alkynes in good to excellent yields (25 examples, average yield 83 %). o-Benzenedisulfonimide could be recovered from all the reactions in yields of >80 %, so it could be recycled for the preparation of other diazonium salts. Mechanistic insights revealed the fundamental roles of DMSO and the anion of o-benzenedisulfonimide in the formation of the catalyst, and also the importance of DMSO in the catalytic cycle. The Sonogashira coupling between are diazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides and terminal alkynes is a powerful method for the formation of arylated alkynes. No copper, phosphanes, bases, or co-catalysts are needed. Mechanistic insights highlighted the fundamental roles of DMSO and o-benzenedisulfonimide in the formation of the catalyst, and also the important role of DMSO in the catalytic cycle. Copyright
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Dughera, Stefano
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p. 598 - 605
(2014/02/14)
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- 2,5-Bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands and their Cu(I) complexes for Sonogashira coupling reaction
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Two diphosphane ligands - 2,5-bis(2-(diphenylphosphino)-5-R)phenyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazole (L1, R = H, L2, R = OMe) and their binuclear complexes, L1Cu and L2Cu, were prepared and characterized. The molecular structures of L1Cu and L2Cu, as perchlorate salts,
- Lin, Cai-Xia,Zhu, Jia-Fang,Li, Qing-Shan,Ao, Li-Hua,Jin, Yan-Juan,Xu, Feng-Bo,Hu, Fang-Zhong,Yuan, Yao-Feng
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p. 298 - 303
(2014/04/03)
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- A simple and greener approach for the synthesis of PVC supported Pd (0): Application to Heck and Sonogashira reactions in water
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Preparation of PVC-supported Pd nanoparticles through the reduction of PdCl2 by a non-toxic and eco-friendly route, employing sodium formate and NaOH in ethanol-water system has been described. The prepared PVC supported Pd nanoparticles were employed as catalyst in the cross coupling reactions, that is, Heck and Sonogashira reactions in water medium to afford the respective products in good to excellent yields.
- Basavaprabhu,Samarasimhareddy,Prabhu, Girish,Sureshbabu, Vommina V.
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p. 2256 - 2260
(2014/04/17)
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- Phosphane-ligated ionic palladium complexes: Synthesis, characterization and application as efficient and reusable precatalysts for the homogeneous carbonylative sonogashira reaction under CuI-free conditions
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The stable ionic PdII complexes 1A-4A were synthesized through the complexation of PdCl2(MeCN)2 with the phosphane-functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) 1-4 with π-acceptor character. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showed that 1A-4A were all composed of PdII-centred square-planar cations and triflate (OTf-, CF3SO3-) counteranions. The complex cations in 1A-3A possessed structural similarity to trans-PdCl2(PPh 3)2. The cation in 4A was a new PdII-centered planar complex ligated by the phosphane-carbon anion-carbene (PCC) pincer in a tripodal manner. The stabilities of 1A-4A were improved due to the intensive π-backbonding interaction between the Pd and P atoms. When complexes 1A-4A were used as precatalysts for homogeneous carbonylative Sonogashira coupling of PhI with phenylacetylene free of CuI, 1A-3A exhibited excellent catalytic behaviour with a TON of up to 1700 at a CO pressure of 0.5 MPa and moderate temperature of 100 °C, whereas 4A exhibited poor activity towards the transformation of PhI due to the high stability of 4A. The recycling experiments of 3A in [Bpy]BF4 (as a solvent) indicated that 3A could be recycled for 5 runs with neither activity loss nor metal leaching into the organic phase. Complex 3A also proved to be a general precatalyst for the carbonylative Sonogashira couplings of a wide range of aryl iodides with phenylacetylene. The selectivity of the desired carbonylation product depended more on electronic effects than the steric effects of the substituents of the aryl iodides. The ionic palladium complexes 1A-4A ligated by imidazolium-based-phosphanes were prepared and shown, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, to be composed of PdII-centered square-planar cations and OTf- counteranions. The complexes were tested as precatalysts for the homogeneous carbonylative Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides with phenylacetylene. Copyright
- Zhang, Jing,Wang, Yongyong,Zhao, Xiaoli,Liu, Ye
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p. 975 - 985
(2014/03/21)
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