- Discovery of a magnetic ionic liquid [bmim]FeCl4
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A magnetic ionic liquid, which shows a strong response to magnetic field, has been discovered. We synthesized an ionic liquid by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and FeCl3, in anticipation of unique magnetic properties due to the possible local ordering of the magnetic anions. The visible absorption spectroscopy has shown that this liquid contains the high spin FeCl4- as the anion. Raman spectroscopy has indicated that it contains bmim+ as the cation. It has thus been confirmed that the prepared liquid is [bmim]FeCl4. The liquid [bmim]FeCl4 responded strongly to magnetic field. The SQUID measurements have shown that it is paramagnetic having a large magnetic susceptibility of 40.6 × 10-6 emu g-1. The present discovery of a magnetic ionic liquid has opened up a new research area of the magnetism of liquids. Copyright
- Hayashi, Satoshi,Hamaguchi, Hiro-O
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- Solutions of complex copper salts in low-transition-temperature mixture (LTTM)
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The structure and properties of diethanolamine complexes of copper(ii) triflates dissolved in an excess of diethanolamine (DH2) were studied. The copper containing substance was found to be a solution of copper(ii) complex salt [Cu2+DH2(DH-)]OTf- in LTTM composition [(DH2)4H+](OTf-), where LTTM = low-transition-temperature mixture, OTf- = triflate anion. According to the EXAFS data, the coordination number of copper(ii) atoms in solution does not exceed four. Addition of even negligible amounts of acid significantly changes DH2 volatility and decomposition conditions.
- Zakharov, Maxim A.,Fetisov, Gennady V.,Veligzhanin, Alexei A.,Bykov, Michael A.,Paseshnichenko, Ksenia A.,Dunaev, Sergei F.,Aslanov, Leonid A.
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- Selective continuous flow extractive denitrogenation of oil containing S- and N-heteroaromatics using metal-containing ionic liquids supported on monolithic silica with hierarchical porosity
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The removal of heteroaromatic nitrogen and sulfur impurities from a model oil through extraction with ionic liquids (ILs) containing metal salts was performed in view of the purification of fuel feeds. Chloride and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salts of Cu+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ were used. The systems based on ILs and metal compounds were applied both in batch-like liquid-liquid and continuous flow liquid-solid conditions. In a first phase, liquid-liquid biphasic extraction was used to choose the most adequate IL classes; the suitable systems were immobilized on a solid support to form metal-containing supported ionic liquid phases (SILPs). In a next phase, these SILPs were applied in breakthrough experiments. A selective extraction of N-compounds was achieved with metal-containing ionic liquids, in both liquid-liquid and liquid-solid conditions. The breakthrough experiments using Cu(NTf2)2- and FeCl4 --containing [BMIM][NTf2] SILPs immobilized on hierarchically structured silica monoliths resulted in an efficient separation of all the nitrogen compounds from the other impurities in the model oil.
- Forte, Paulo,Sachse, Alexander,Maes, Michael,Galarneau, Anne,De Vos, Dirk
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- Mesoporous graphite nanoflakes via ionothermal carbonization of fructose and their use in dye removal
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The large-scale green synthesis of graphene-type two-dimensional materials is still challenging. Herein, we describe the ionothermal synthesis of carbon-based composites from fructose in the iron-containing ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloridoferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl4] serving as solvent, catalyst, and template for product formation. The resulting composites consist of oligo-layer graphite nanoflakes and iron carbide particles. The mesoporosity, strong magnetic moment, and high specific surface area of the composites make them attractive for water purification with facile magnetic separation. Moreover, Fe3C-free graphite can be obtained via acid etching, providing access to fairly large amounts of graphite material. The current approach is versatile and scalable, and thus opens the door to ionothermal synthesis towards the larger-scale synthesis of materials that are, although not made via a sustainable process, useful for water treatment such as the removal of organic molecules. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Xie, Zai-Lai,Huang, Xing,Titirici, Maria-Magdalena,Taubert, Andreas
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- Post-synthetic modification of ionic liquids using ligand-exchange and redox coordination chemistry
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Ionic liquids (ILs) derive their useful properties from molecularly tunable compositions, but methods to diversify anion identities and probe ion speciation remain limited. Here, we demonstrate post-synthetic modification of perhalometallate anions to achieve ionic liquid-to-ionic liquid transformations. Rheological measurements of the metal-containing ILs indicate that minor alterations to anion coordination spheres induce considerable changes to IL viscosities. UV-vis spectra confirm the purities for most ILs, while revealing a surprising cation dependence of perchlorovanadate speciation and supramolecular structure. The intermolecular interactions studied here span a wide range from dispersion to covalent bonding, permitting their impact on IL viscosity to be decoupled and quantified. Together, synthetic strategies from coordination chemistry paired with conventional UV-vis spectroscopy provide a powerful tool for expanding IL compositions and investigating fundamental nanoscale behavior.
- Leroy, Michael A.,Mroz, Austin M.,Mancuso, Jenna L.,Miller, Aaron,Van Cleve, Allison,Check, Casey,Heinz, Hendrik,Hendon, Christopher H.,Brozek, Carl K.
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- [Bmim]PF6/RuCl3 · xH2O: A novel and recyclable catalytic system for the oxidative coupling of β-naphthols
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2-Naphthols readily undergo oxidative coupling in the presence of RuCl 3·xH2O in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6) ionic liquid under aerobic conditions to afford binaphthols in excellent yields with high selectivity. The β-naphthols show enhanced reactivity in ionic liquids, thereby reducing reaction times and improving the yields significantly. The recovered ionic liquid containing ruthenium catalyst can be reused in three to four successive runs with a gradual decrease in activity.
- Yadav, Jhillu S.,Reddy, Basi V. S.,Gayathri, Kamakolanu Uma,Prasad, Attaluri R.
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- Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid [Bmim]FeCl4 as a High Efficient Catalyst for Methanolysis of Poly (lactic acid)
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Abstract: Methanolysis of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was studied using Lewis acidic ionic liquid [Bmim]FeCl4 as a catalyst and the qualitative analysis indicated that the main product was methyl lactate. Compared with ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl, FeCl3 and other traditional catalysts, the Lewis acidic ionic liquid showed much better catalytic activity in the methanolysis of PLA. Significantly, the conversion of PLA and the yield of methyl lactate were 99.3 and 94.6% respectively with low dosage of catalyst (the molar ratio of [Bmim]FeCl4 to LA unit is 0.0025:1). The lewis acidic ionic liquid [Bmim]FeCl4 could be recycled up to 6 times and FT-IR results showed that the spectrum of the reused catalyst was similar to that of the fresh one. Moreover, a possible mechanism of the methanolysis of PLA catalyzed by [Bmim]FeCl4 was proposed. The kinetics of PLA methanolysis was also investigated under the optimum conditions and the results indicated that it was a first-order kinetic reaction with activation energy of 21.28?kJ?mol?1. Graphical Abstract: The methanolysis of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was studied using Lewis acidic ionic liquid [Bmim]FexCl3x+1 (x>1) as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ionic liquid dosage and methanol dosage on methanolysis results were examined. The reusability of ionic liquid in the methanolysis of PLA was investigated, and the results showed that it could be recycled up to 6 times with no apparent decrease in the conversion of PLA and yield of methyl lactate. The reaction mechanism and kinetics of PLA methanolysis catalyzed by [Bmim]FexCl3x+1 were also investigated. Moreover, a possible catalysis mechanism of the methanolysis of PLA was proposed. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Liu, Huiqing,Zhao, Ruiyang,Song, Xiuyan,Liu, Fusheng,Yu, Shitao,Liu, Shiwei,Ge, Xiaoping
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- A promising ionic liquid [BMIM][FeCl4] for the extractive separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons
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Liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) of the following ternary systems were measured at atmospheric pressure, that is, {cyclohexane + benzene + [BMIM][FeCl4]} at T = 298.15 K and 313.15 K, {n-hexane + benzene + [BMIM][FeCl4]}, {n-heptane + toluene + [BMIM][FeCl4]} at T = 298.15 K, and {cyclohexane + benzene + [BMIM]Cl} at T = 339.15 K. The extraction performance of ionic liquid (IL) [BMIM][FeCl4] for the aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene or toluene) from their aliphatic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, n-heptane, or n-hexane) was analyzed and compared with some imidazolium-based ILs. The results indicate that the IL [BMIM][FeCl4] shows both higher extractive selectivity and distribution factor for the systems studied herein and thus is a promising solvent for the extractive separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The LLE data were well-correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model of nonelectrolyte solutions with the overall average absolute relative deviation (rmsd) being about 0.0188 in terms of the mole fraction based activity.
- Sakal, Salem A.,Lu, Ying-Zhou,Jiang, Xiao-Chuan,Shen, Chong,Li, Chun-Xi
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- Studies on thermochemical properties of ionic liquids based on transition metal
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A brown and transparent ionic liquid (IL), [C4mim][FeCl 4], was prepared by mixing anhydrous FeCl3 with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]), with molar ratio 1/1 under stirring in a glove box filled with dry argon. The molar enthalpies of solution, Δs Hm, of [C4mim][FeCl 4], in water with various molalities were determined by a solution-reaction isoperibol calorimeter at 298.15 K. Considering the hydrolyzation of anion [FeCl4]- in dissolution process of the IL, a new method of determining the standard molar enthalpy of solution, Δs Hm 0 , was put forward on the bases of Pitzer solution theory of mixed electrolytes. The values of Δs Hm 0 and the sum of Pitzer parameters: (4βFe,Cl(0)L+4βC4 mim,CL (0)L+ΦFe,C4 mimL) and (β Fe,Cl(1)L+4βC4 mim,CL(1)L were obtained, respectively. In terms of thermodynamic cycle and the lattice energy of IL calculated by Glasser's lattice energy theory of ILs, the dissociation enthalpy of anion [FeCl4]-, ΔHdis≈5650 kJ mol-1, for the reaction: [FeCl4]-(g) →Fe3+(g)+4Cl-(g), was estimated. It is shown that large hydration enthalpies of ions have been compensated by large the dissociation enthalpy of [FeCl4]- anion, Δd Hm, in dissolution process of the IL.
- Guan,Li,Wang,Tong,Yang
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- Facile synthesis of size-tunable, multilevel nanoporous Fe 3O4 microspheres for application in electromagnetic wave absorption
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Multilevel nanoporous Fe3O4 microspheres were solvothermally synthesized using a functionalized ionic liquid [BMIM][FeCl 4] as the iron source. Size of these microspheres could be easily tuned over the range of 26-411 nm by varying the volume ratio of alkali solution added. SEM, TEM and BET isotherm characterizations confirmed that Fe 3O4 microspheres were formed by the assembly of nanoparticles with several nanometers in diameter and had a multilevel pore structure, including quasi-micropores, mesopores and macropores in/on each microsphere. The electromagnetic parameters of the Fe3O4 microspheres indicated that those nanopores contributed to the increase of dielectric loss and made an effective impedance match between dielectric loss and magnetic loss, thus enhancing the electromagnetic wave absorption of Fe 3O4 microspheres. The minimum reflection loss of 80 wt% Fe3O4/epoxy resin composites showed excellent dual adsorptions at both low frequencies and high frequencies (-40.0 dB at 1.4 GHz with a sample thickness of 5.7 mm and -25.3 dB at 16.5 GHz with a sample thickness of 3 mm), which were related to the magnetic loss and dielectric loss offered by the porous Fe3O4 microspheres.
- Qing, Xutang,Yue, Xiaoxiao,Wang, Bing,Lu, Yun
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- The synthesis of Fe-containing ionic liquid and its catalytic performance for the dehydration of fructose
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Four Fe-containing ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized by coupling of conventional imidazole ionic liquids [Cxmim]Cl (x = 4, 8, 12, 16) with FeCl3 and were characterized by FT-IR, Raman, ESI-MS and TG. All of the Fe-containing ILs were applied to the conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) subsequently and the result showed that [C16mim]FeCl4 exhibited excellent catalytic performance. Then the different reaction parameters with [C16mim]FeCl4 as catalyst were studied in detail. A 92.8% yield of HMF was obtained with 0.03 g [C16mim]FeCl4 and 0.1 g fructose in 1.0050 g [Bmim]Cl at 80 °C for 40 min in fructose/[Bmim]Cl solution.
- Liu, Hui,Wang, Yue,Ma, Wanxia,Wang, Hongwei,Wang, Deping,Jiang, Wei,Zhang, Ming,Zhou, Cunshan,Li, Huaming
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- Fe-containing ionic liquids as catalysts for the dimerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene
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Imidazolium-based Fe-containing ionic liquids (ILs), obtained from the reaction of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl) with FeCl3 or FeCl2, were highly effective for the dimerization of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (2,5-
- Nguyen, Mai Dao,Nguyen, Ly Vinh,Jeon, Eun Hee,Kim, Jin Hyung,Cheong, Minserk,Kim, Hoon Sik,Lee, Je Seung
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- Cytotoxicity of imidazole ionic liquids in human lung carcinoma A549 cell line
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Due to the unique property of ionic liquids (ILs), they have become attractive media for various types of chemical processes recently. ILs have become one of the hottest areas in chemistry recently. It is necessary to have a good understanding of the toxicity and environmental impact of ILs before employing them in industry on a larger scale. To enlarge the limited knowledge regarding the potential risk posed by ILs to the environment and the public, the cytotoxicities of 21 imidazole ILs were evaluated by sensitive colorimetric assay with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), WST-8 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-3-(4- nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt) in human lung carcinoma A549 cell line. The data indicated that the toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium entities was dominated by the side chain length, with the longer alkyl chain of the compound having a higher toxicity. Similar results were also found for the 1-vinylimidazole cation. At the same time, the toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-vinylimidazole ionic liquid also depends on the associated anion species. The EC50 values are largest for tetrafluoroborate, whereas bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide results in the lowest EC50 value. The toxicity of 1-alkyl-3- methylimidazolium ionic liquid toward A549 cell line is dominated by the side chain length, with the longer alkyl chain of the compound having a higher toxicity. The toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-vinylimidazole ionic liquid also depends on the associated anion species
- Chen, Hsiu-Liang,Kao, Hui-Fang,Wang, Jiu-Yao,Wei, Guor-Tzo
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- Ionothermal carbonization in [Bmim][FeCl4]: An opportunity for the valorization of raw lignocellulosic agrowastes into advanced porous carbons for CO2capture
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In this study, we investigated the ionothermal carbonization (ITC) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate, [Bmim][FeCl4], of cocoa bean shells, a raw lignocellulosic agrowaste. The beneficial inputs of this ITC approach towards mass yield, carbon yield and specific surface area of the solid chars (namely, ionochars) were clearly evidenced. The coordination of [FeCl4]- anions to the oxygen atoms of lignocellulosic materials and ionochars seems to stabilize carbon oxygenated groups-accounting for enhanced mass and carbon yields-and to favor the generation of micropores. We showed that the use of wet starting agrowastes in the ITC process might be advantageous for the production of highly porous ionochars. Importantly, the contributions of lignin and cellulose were highlighted and the recyclability of [Bmim][FeCl4] was clearly evidenced, proving the sustainability of ITC and making this process easily applicable to other raw lignocellulosic agrowastes. The subsequent activation of the as-obtained ionochars under CO2-rich atmosphere allowed producing activated carbons with specific surface area superior to 2000 m2 g-1 and remarkable CO2 uptake as high as 4.4 mmol g-1 at 25 °C and 1 bar. This value is the highest post-combustion CO2 uptake reported to date in literature for CO2 activated biomass-derived carbons. This journal is
- Brun, Nicolas,Cibien, Laure,Fotsing, Patrick Nkuigue,Gaveau, Philippe,Napoli, Alfredo,Parot, Maxime,Vieillard, Julien,Woumfo, Emmanuel Djoufac
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- Tunable LCST-type phase behavior of [FeCl4]--based ionic liquids in water
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In this work, 16 kinds of [FeCl4]--based magnetic ionic liquids (ILs) with different cation structures have been designed and synthesized, and their structures are characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Then the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior of these magnetic ILs in water is investigated as a function of concentration. It is shown that cation structure, alkyl chain length and molar ratio of FeCl3/chloride IL have a significant influence on the LCST of the mixtures. The phase separation temperature can be tuned efficiently by these factors. Meanwhile, the LCST-type phase separation process is also investigated by dynamic light scattering. The results support the mechanism that the hydrogen bonds of the [FeCl4]- anion with water have been gradually disrupted to form ILs aggregates with increasing temperature. In addition, the stability of the ILs in water is also examined in some details. These LCST-type phase separation systems may have potential applications in extraction and separation techniques at room temperature.
- Pei, Yuanchao,Cao, Yuan,Huang, Yanjie,Song, Xinxin,Wang, Huiyong,Zhao, Yuling,Wang, Jianji
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- Synthesis of adamantane by ionic liquid-promoted isomerization of tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane and H2SO4-mediated hydroisomerization of pentacyclo[4.4.0.02,4.03,7.08,10]decane
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Adamantane was synthesized by skeletal isomerization of endo- and exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]-decanes in the presence of ionic liquid [Et3NH]+[Al2Cl7]?—CuSO4. A new method to synthesize adamantane in 75% yield by H2SO4-mediated hydroisomerization of its new precursor, pentacyclo[4.4.0.02,4.03,7.08,10]decane, was developed.
- Aminov,Ramazanov,Khusnutdinov
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p. 102 - 106
(2022/02/17)
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- Method for preparing p-hydroxycinnamate by lignin depolymerization catalyzed with copper
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The invention discloses a method for preparing p-hydroxycinnamate by lignin depolymerization catalyzed with copper. The method comprises the following steps: by taking lignin as a raw material, addinga copper catalyst and a solvent, performing inert gas replacement, pressurizing to 0.1-2 MPa, then heating to 135-175 DEG C, reacting for 2-6 h while stirring to achieve catalytic degradation on thelignin to obtain a chemical product taking p-hydroxycinnamate as a main product; wherein the solvent is C1-C4 fatty alcohol; the copper catalyst is copper chloride, copper sulfate or copper bromide. The method is simple in process and mild in reaction condition, the target product can be obtained with high selectivity only by 2-6 hours at the temperature of 135-175 DEG C, the yield of the target product is high, and the yield of the p-hydroxycinnamate can reach (40-100) mg/g.
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Paragraph 0027-0029
(2020/05/08)
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- Method for Preparing P-Hydroxycinnamate by Using Ionic Liquid for Catalytic Lignin Depolymerization
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The present invention discloses a method for preparing p-hydroxycinnamate by using an ionic liquid for catalytic lignin depolymerization comprising: 1) preparation of a halogen metal-based ionic liquid: preparing the halogen metal-based ionic liquid by reacting an alkylimidazole chloride with a metal chloride by heating the same to 30° C. to 80° C. with stirring; and 2) catalytic depolymerization of lignin: mixing the halogen metal-based ionic liquid and lignin with an alcohol, and after N2 replacement, heating the solution to 140° C. to 200° C. and reacting the solution for 4-8 h while stirring to prepare high value-added chemicals with p-hydroxycinnamate as a main product. The present invention has advantages of a simple process, mild conditions, environmental kindness, and high selectivity for a main product. The ionic liquid is simple in preparation, has a good atom economy, and is recyclable. Under optimal conditions, the yield of p-hydroxycinnamate can reach 40-80 mg/g.
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Paragraph 0030-0031
(2020/07/05)
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- Hydroisomerization of hexacyclo[9.2.1.02,10.03,8.04,6.05,9]tetradecanes to diamantane induced by ionic liquids
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Hydroisomerization of endo-endo-, exo-exo-, exo-endo-, and endo-exo-, hexacyclo[9.2.1.02,10.03,8.04,6.05,9]tetradecanes to diamantane was performed for the first time in 80–96% yields under the action of ionic liquids (ILs), [Et3NH]+[Al2Cl7]? and [BMIM]+[Fe2Cl7]?. Ionic liquids have multiple functions, promoting the following reactions of hexacyclotetradecanes: hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and skeletal rearrangement; simultaneously, they serve as HCl donors.
- Aminov, Rishat I.,Akshieva, Aida N.,Khusnutdinov, Ravil I.
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- Selective catalytic tailoring of the H unit in herbaceous lignin for methyl: P -hydroxycinnamate production over metal-based ionic liquids
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Selective valorization of lignin to achieve high value and commodity chemicals is attracting increasing attention. In this work, an efficient and reusable metal-based ionic liquid (MBIL) was developed for the selective tailoring of p-coumaric acid ester (pCA), a typical p-hydroxyphenyl (H) unit, into methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MPC). Under optimized conditions and in the presence of catalyst [Bmim][FeCl4], a volatile aromatic product of 10.5 wt% was obtained, of which, 70.5% separated as pure MPC with an isolated yield of 71.1 mg g-1. FT-IR, 13C NMR, ANO and 2D HSQC demonstrated that the H unit was preferentially tailored from lignin, of which, 86.0 wt% of the H structure unit is cut off from lignin, with 70.6% being selectively converted to MPC. Further investigation demonstrated that MBIL prefers to tailor ester bonds compared to ether bonds using model compounds, and the superior catalytic ester bond cleavage performance exhibited by [Bmim][FeCl4] can be ascribed to the relatively narrow energy gap between the lignin ester bond and [FeCl4]- anion and to the comparatively low absolute binding energy between the cation and anion through DFT calculations.
- Li, Zhangmin,Cai, Zhenping,Zeng, Qiang,Zhang, Tian,France, Liam John,Song, Changhua,Zhang, Yaqin,He, Hongyan,Jiang, Lilong,Long, Jinxing,Li, Xuehui
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supporting information
p. 3743 - 3752
(2018/08/21)
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- An efficient organic solvent-free solution-processing strategy for high-mobility metal chalcogenide film growth
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One of the primary challenges for high-quality metal chalcogenide film growth by a chemical solution approach is to avoid the use of volatile/hazardous organic solvents during the fabrication processes. Herein, we demonstrate an organic solvent-free solution processing method which has the ability to enable growth of a diverse range of metal chalcogenide films. The processing solution is prepared by combining the required metal ions with non-volatile and non-flammable ionic liquid precursor solutions. These stable and homogeneous solutions can form a variety of high-quality and uniform metal chalcogenide films. Due to the facile and instant control of the stoichiometry used in this method, the band gap of multi-element compound semiconductors, for example quinary Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, can be easily tuned from 1.01 eV of Cu2ZnSnSe4 to 1.52 eV of Cu2ZnSnS4. The resulting film also shows high hole mobility with a maximum of 56.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 for a carrier concentration of 3.24 × 1016 cm-3 at room temperature. Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells displayed an efficiency of 5.68%, which is comparable to the reported efficiencies of solar cells prepared by methods involving organic solvents (5.0-6.4%).
- Zhao, Jie,Jeon, Il,Yi, Qinghua,Jain, Menka,Rummeli, Mark H.,Song, Pingyuan,Matsuo, Yutaka,Zou, Guifu
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supporting information
p. 946 - 951
(2017/03/15)
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- Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of magnetic ionic liquids 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate with ethyl acetate at temperatures (293.15 to 323.15) K
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The physicochemical properties of the binary mixtures of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are essential for industrial process designs of their applications. In this work, three MILs were synthesized and characterized, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([Bmim][FeCl4]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([Hmim][FeCl4]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([Omim][FeCl4]). Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of these MILs with ethyl acetate (EA) were determined over the whole range of compositions at temperatures (293.15 to 323.15) K at 5 K intervals. The data of densities as a function of temperature were fitted with linear equation and viscosities were correlated with Vogel–Fucher–Tammann (VFT) equation. Results showed that the densities and viscosities of the binary mixtures decreased significantly with the IL concentration decreasing and with temperature increasing. Excess molar volumes (VE) and viscosity deviations (Δη) were calculated and fitted well with the Redlich-Kister equation. The negative VE and Δη over the entire composition range indicated that there were stronger interactions between MILs and EA than those among MILs and among EA.
- Li, Xiaohua,Zhou, Qing,Lu, Xingmei,Zhang, Suojiang
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p. 285 - 292
(2017/08/21)
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- Fe- containing ionic liquid supported on nanosized MCM-41: An efficient and reusable catalyst in the synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole derivatives
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In this study, an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole derivatives has been developed. The synthesis was performed by condensation aromatic benzaldehydes and 1.2 phenylenediamin using [bmim][FeCl4]/MCM-41 as a heterogeneous catalyst under reflux conditions and at 60 C. The advantages of this method are easy work-up procedure, clean and neutral reaction conditions. The separation and reuse of the catalyst were simple and could be reused without a significant loss of catalytic activity. Moreover, the products were achieved in good yields (70-83%).
- Izadpanah, Esmat,Sayyahi, Soheil
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p. 2101 - 2106
(2016/10/24)
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- Magnetic ionic liquid [bmim][FeCl4] as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-Aryl benzimidazoles and 2-aryl benzothiazoles derivatives
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The magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloro ferrate(III) ([bmim][FeCl4 ]) sufficiently catalyzes the one-pot condensation of 1,2 diaminobenzene or 2-aminobenzenethiol with different aromatic aldehydes producing benzimidazoles a
- Sayyahi, Soheil,Shabani, Sara,Ghasemi, Sara,Azin, Atena,Hasani, Seyyed Morteza
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p. 1773 - 1778
(2016/01/26)
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- A new functionalized ionic liquid for efficient glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and levulinic acid
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The conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) using ionic liquid is a promising method for producing liquid fuels from renewable resources. In this study, three types of acidic functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) were prepared and used as catalysts in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF and LA. The prepared FILs were characterized using CHNS elemental analysis and 1H and 13C NMR. The acidity of the FILs was examined using pyridine-FTIR, Hammett and acid-base titration methods. The FIL with high acidity and with both Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites present seemed suitable for 5-HMF and LA production. Among the tested FILs, 1-sulfonic acid-3-methyl imidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([SMIM][FeCl4]) demonstrated the highest catalytic performance. The yields of 5-HMF and LA reached as high as 18% and 68%, respectively after 4 h at 150°C. The catalyst was reused five times without significant loss of activity. Furthermore, for the kinetic analysis performed for glucose conversion, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the reaction were 38 kJ mol-1 and 925 min-1, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of FIL as a catalyst for biomass transformation to platform chemicals under mild process condition.
- Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah,Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina
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p. 113 - 121
(2015/07/08)
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- Desulfurization of hydrocarbons by ionic liquids and preparation of ionic liquids
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The present invention relates to an improved desulfurization process using an ionic liquid compound of general formula C+A?, where C+ represents an organic cation such as alkyl-pyridinium, di-alkyl imidazolium and tri-alkyl imidazolium; and A? is an anion of halides of iron (III), such as, for example, FeCl4?. The desulfurization process is also improved when producing the ionic liquid compound by heating the reactants using microwave energy. The ionic liquids can be used to desulfurize hydrocarbon mixtures by a liquid-liquid extraction.
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Page/Page column
(2014/09/16)
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- Properties and catalytic activity of magnetic and acidic ionic liquids: Experimental and molecular simulation
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The exploitation of dual functional magnetic and acidic ionic liquids (MAILs) for hydrolysis of cellulose to platform chemicals can solve some practical challenges through easy separation of products and efficient catalyst recyclability. In this work, seven Cnmim/FeCl4 MAILs were synthesized and investigated with combined experimental and molecular dynamics. The MAILs contained FeCl4- anions and exhibited a typical hard magnetic materials behavior with rather strong magnetic susceptibilities. These MAILs were stable up to 250-310 C, the decomposition was started up at 250/310-480-810 C in two steps with the formation of the undecomposed residue. The Gibbs energy for the reaction of glucose/xylose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by metal chlorides in the CnmimCl ionic liquid was studied using the density functional theory calculations and the results that C3mim/WCl3 may be the most hopeful catalyst. The MAILs have the potential to open up promising new catalytic systems because of their easy product separation and efficient catalyst recyclability.
- Zhou, Cunshan,Yu, Xiaojie,Ma, Haile,Huang, Xingyi,Zhang, Henan,Jin, Jian
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p. 300 - 307
(2014/03/21)
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- Iron catalyzed Michael addition: Chloroferrate ionic liquids as efficient catalysts under microwave conditions
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The iron containing ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([C4mim]Cl/FeCl3; χ = 0.5) proved to be an efficient catalyst for the solvent-free metal catalyzed Michael addition of ?-keto esters and enones. Due to the ionic st
- Vasiloiu, Maria,Gaertner, Peter,Bica, Katharina
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p. 1614 - 1619
(2012/11/07)
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- Thermal stability of 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium tetrachloroferrates, magnetic ionic liquids
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Thermal stability of synthesized magnetic liquids, tetrachloroferrates of 1,3-disubstitued derivatives of imidazolium, was examined. An effect of the cation structure on thermal stability of ionic liquids was considered and a mechanism of thermal destruction was suggested.
- Zhuravlev,Verolainen,Voronchikhina
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p. 1158 - 1164
(2011/11/30)
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