- Two efficient and practical syntheses of methyl 4-mercaptobenzoate
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Two efficient syntheses of methyl-4-mercaptobenzoate are described, one utilizing the dianion of 4-bromothiophenol, the other a S(N)Ar reaction starting with 4-fluorobenzonitrile.
- Tickner,Huang,Gombatz,Mills,Novack,Webb
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Read Online
- NOVEL OXADIAZOLES
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The present invention relates to novel compound of Formula I, wherein, R1, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, L1, A, L2 and R2 are as defined in the detailed description. The present invention also relates to a combination or a composition comprising the compound of Formula I.
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Page/Page column 113
(2020/05/15)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Thiolation of Organozinc Halides by Using N-Thiophthalimides Leading to Polyfunctional Thioethers
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(Hetero)aryl, benzylic, and alkyl zinc halides were thiolated with N-thiophthalimides at 25 °C within 1 h in the presence of 5–10 % Cu(OAc)2?H2O to furnish the corresponding polyfunctionalized thioethers in good yields. This electrop
- Gra?l, Simon,Hamze, Clémence,Koller, Thadd?us J.,Knochel, Paul
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supporting information
p. 3752 - 3755
(2019/02/13)
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- Expanding the SAR of Nontoxic Antiplasmodial Indolyl-3-ethanone Ethers and Thioethers
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Despite major strides in reducing Plasmodium falciparum infections, this parasite still accounts for roughly half a million annual deaths. This problem is compounded by the decreased efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies. Therefore, the development and optimisation of novel antimalarial chemotypes is critical. In this study, we describe our strategic approach to optimise a class of previously reported antimalarials, resulting in the discovery of 1-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[(4-cyanophenyl)thio]ethanone (13) and 1-(5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)thio]ethanone (14), whose activity was equipotent to that of chloroquine against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain. Furthermore, these compounds were found to be nontoxic to HeLa cells as well as being non-haemolytic to uninfected red blood cells. Intriguingly, several of our most promising compounds were found to be less active against the isogenic NF54 strain, highlighting possible issues with long-term dependability of malarial strains. Finally compound 14 displayed similar activity against both the NF54 and K1 strains, suggesting that it inhibits a pathway that is uncompromised by K1 resistance.
- Lunga, Mayibongwe J.,Chisango, Ruramai L.,Weyers, Carli,Isaacs, Michelle,Taylor, Dale,Edkins, Adrienne L.,Khanye, Setshaba D.,Hoppe, Heinrich C.,Veale, Clinton G. L.
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p. 1353 - 1362
(2018/07/13)
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- SUBSTITUTED MORPHOLINE DERIVATIVES AS ROR GAMMA MODULATORS
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The present disclosure is directed to compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein ring A, R1, R2, R3, X1, X2, m and n are as defined herein, which are active as modulators of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORyt). These compounds prevent, inhibit, or suppress the action of RORyt and are therefore useful in the treatment of RORyt mediated diseases, disorders, syndromes or conditions such as, e.g., pain, inflammation, COPD, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. (I)
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Page/Page column 20; 21-22
(2018/07/29)
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- SINGLE-STEP SYNTHESIS METHOD OF ARYL THIOL AND APPLICATION THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a single-step synthesis method of aryl thiol, and more specifically, to a method of synthesizing aryl thiol in a single-step by making aryl halide react with alkane dithiol in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. According to the present invention, a single-step synthesis method using the transition metal catalyst, the synthesis method which is capable of synthesizing aryl thiol from aryl halide at a high yield, can be provided. Various aryl halides may be applied to the synthesis method. Further, the synthesis method has advantages that an easily usable reagent may be used, operations are simple, and reactions can be performed under mild conditions. In addition, the synthesized aryl thiol may be used in the synthesis of advanced molecules such as diaryl sulfides and benzothiophenes.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017
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Paragraph 0032; 0033; 0063; 0067; 0069; 0070; 0073
(2017/09/02)
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- Sulfonyl halide synthesis by thiol oxyhalogenation using NBS/NCS – iPrOH
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A rapid and facile method provides a general route to sulfonyl bromides/chlorides by the oxidation of thiols using NXS – ROH (X?=?Br,Cl, R?=?iPr) as an oxyhalogenation reagent. Control experiments suggest that the alcohol component is the source of oxygen. The proposed method enable the access to structurally diverse sulfonyl bromides and chlorides including challenging examples, inaccessible by other synthetic methods.
- Silva-Cuevas, Carolina,Perez-Arrieta, Carlos,Polindara-García, Luis A.,Lujan-Montelongo, J. Armando
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p. 2244 - 2247
(2017/05/16)
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- Base Catalysis Enables Access to α,α-Difluoroalkylthioethers
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A nucleophilic addition reaction of aryl thiols to readily available β,β-difluorostyrenes provides α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers. The reaction proceeds through an unstable anionic intermediate, prone to eliminate fluoride and generate α-fluorovinylthioethers. However, the use of base catalysis overcomes the facile β-fluoride elimination, generating α,α-difluoroalkylthioethers in excellent yields and selectivities.
- Orsi, Douglas L.,Easley, Brandon J.,Lick, Ashley M.,Altman, Ryan A.
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supporting information
p. 1570 - 1573
(2017/04/13)
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- Tailored near-infrared contrast agents for image guided surgery
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The success of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence to be employed for intraoperative imaging relies on the ability to develop a highly stable, NIR fluorescent, nontoxic, biocompatible, and highly excreted compound that retains a reactive functionality for co
- Njiojob, Costyl N.,Owens, Eric A.,Narayana, Lakshminarayana,Hyun, Hoon,Choi, Hak Soo,Henary, Maged
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p. 2845 - 2854
(2015/04/14)
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- Copper(II)-Catalyzed Single-Step Synthesis of Aryl Thiols from Aryl Halides and 1,2-Ethanedithiol
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A highly efficient transition metal-catalyzed single-step synthesis of aryl thiols from aryl halides has been developed employing copper(II) catalyst and 1,2-ethanedithiol. The key features are use of readily available reagents, a simple operation, and relatively mild reaction conditions. This new protocol shows a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. A variety of aryl thiols are directly prepared from aryl halides in high yields. Furthermore, the aryl thiols are used in situ for the synthesis of more advanced molecules such as diaryl sulfides and benzothiophenes.
- Liu, Yajun,Kim, Jihye,Seo, Heesun,Park, Sunghyouk,Chae, Junghyun
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supporting information
p. 2205 - 2212
(2015/07/27)
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- Copper-catalyzed coupling of thiourea with aryl iodides: The direct synthesis of aryl thiols
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A general, economical and efficient protocol for the direct copper-catalyzed coupling of thiourea with aryl iodides is developed and it will be potentially applied in large-scale industry as a preferred process.
- Qiao, Shu,Xie, Kun,Qi, Junsheng
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scheme or table
p. 1441 - 1443
(2011/01/04)
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- Flow-vacuum pyrolysis of polycyclic compounds. 251. Pyrolysis of some 3-mercapto-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles
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The flow-vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of the 3-mercapto-5-substituted-1,2,4- triazoles 5a-c, between 475°C - 750°C, at 2 mm Hg, in inert atmosphere (4mL/min argon flow rate) and quartz pyrolysis tube (60 cm length, 1 cm internal diameter, quartz chips filling 30 mm long) afforded a complex mixture with cyano-diphenyl-sulphones 12a-c and corresponding diphenylsulphones 13a-c as main products. The reaction products were identified by GC/MS. A radical mechanism is suggested in order to explain the formation of the main reaction products.
- Istrati, Daniela,Popescu, Angela,Mihaiescu, Dan,Saramet, Ioana,Bala?u, Mihaela C.
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experimental part
p. 497 - 503
(2009/05/11)
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- Inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B by methylthio-substituted benzylamines
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Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase was inactivated by o-mercaptobenzylamine (1) and o- (2) and p-methylthiobenzylamine (5). Experiments were carried out to provide evidence for possible mechanisms of inactivation. The corresponding o- (3) and p-hydroxybenzylamine (4) are not inactivators. Four radiolabeled analogues of 2 and 5, having radioactivity at either the methyl or benzyl groups, were synthesized, and all were shown to incorporate multiple equivalents of radioactivity into the enzyme. Inactivation in the presence of an electrophile scavenger decreased the number of molecules incorporated, but still multiple molecules became incorporated; catalase did not further reduce the number of inactivator molecules bound. Two inactivation mechanisms are proposed, one involving a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) mechanism and the other a dealkylation mechanism. Evidence for both mechanisms is that inactivation leads to reduction of the flavin (oxidation of the inactivator), but upon denaturation the flavin is reoxidized, indicating that attachment is not at the flavin. A cysteine titration indicates the loss of four cysteines after inactivation and denaturation. Support for the S NAr mechanism was obtained by showing that o- and p-chlorobenzylamine also inactivate MAO. Chemical model studies were carried out that also support both SNAr and dealkylation mechanisms.
- Lu, Xingliang,Rodriguez, Maria,Gu, Wenxin,Silverman, Richard B.
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p. 4423 - 4430
(2007/10/03)
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- Aryl monosulphides and symmetrical disulphides based second order nonlinear optical chromophores with transparency in the visible
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A series of aryl monosulphides and disulphides have been synthesized and characterized. Their molecular hyperpolarizability (β) has been measured in solution with the hyper-Rayleigh Scattering technique and also calculated by semiempirical AM1 method. The trend in the observed and calculated values of first hyperpolarizability of these compounds has been found to be in good agreement. These compounds show moderate β values and excellent transparency in the visible region.
- Sudharsanam, Ramanathan,Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan,Das, Puspendu Kumar
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p. 1763 - 1766
(2007/10/03)
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- Effects of aromatic thiols on thiol-disulfide interchange reactions that occur during protein folding
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The folding of disulfide containing proteins from denatured protein to native protein involves numerous thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. Many of these reactions include a redox buffer, which is a mixture of a thiol (RSH) and the corresponding disulfide (RSSR). The relationship between the structure of RSH and its efficacy in folding proteins in vitro has been investigated only to a limited extent. Reported herein are the effects of aliphatic and especially aromatic thiols on reactions that occur during protein folding. Aromatic thiols may be particularly efficacious as their thiol pKa values and reactivities match those of the in vivo catalyst, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This investigation correlates the thiol pKa values of aromatic thiols with their reactivities toward small molecule disulfides and the protein insulin. The thiol pKa values of nine para-substituted aromatic thiols were measured; a Hammett plot constructed using σp- values yielded ρ = -1.6 ± 0.1. The reactivities of aromatic and aliphatic thiols with 2-pyridyldithioethanol (2-PDE), a small molecule disulfide, were determined. A plot of reactivity versus pKa of the aromatic thiols had a slope (β) of 0.9. The ability of these thiols to reduce (unfold) the protein insulin correlates strongly with their ability to reduce 2-PDE. Since the reduction of protein disulfides occurs during protein folding to remove mismatched disulfides, aromatic thiols with high pKa values are expected to increase the rate not only of protein unfolding but protein folding as well.
- DeCollo,Lees
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p. 4244 - 4249
(2007/10/03)
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- PYRANONE COMPOUNDS USEFUL TO TREAT RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS
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The present invention relates to compounds of formulae (I) and (II) which are pyran-2-ones, 5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-ones, 4-hydroxy-benzopyran-2-ones, 4-hydroxy-cycloalkyl[b]pyran-2-ones, and derivatives thereof, useful for inhibiting a retrovirus in a mammalian cell infected with said retrovirus, wherein R 10 and R 20 taken together are formulae (III) and (IV). STR1
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- Nucleophilic properties of thiourea towards aromatic halides
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Arylsulfides (and diaryldisulfides obtained spontaneously by oxidation of the arylsulfides during the work-up) and diarylsulfides can be obtained by substituting aryl radicals by the thiourea onion in liquid ammonia under an electrochemical inducement.
- Combellas,Dellerue,Mathey,Thiebault
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p. 539 - 542
(2007/10/03)
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- Electron-Transfer Bond-Breaking Processes. An Example of Nonlinear Activation-Driving Force Relationship in the Reductive Cleavage of the Carbon-Sulfur Bond
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The heterogeneous (electrode) and homogeneous electron transfer (ET) to triphenylmethyl p-cyanophenyl sulfide in N,N-dimethylformamide is shown to involve the irreversible reductive cleavage of the Calkyl-S ?-bond through a sequential charge-transfer/bond-breaking pathway.The intermediate formation of the sulfide anion radical, whose lifetime has been determined to be ca. 10 ns, evidences the outer-sphere nature of the initial ET.The kinetics of this step has been analyzed as a function of the reaction free energy.Heterogeneous rate constants have been determined as a function of the applied potential from voltammetric curves and their convolution.The kinetics of the homogeneous ET from a series of substituted azobenzene anion radicals has been investigated by voltammetric redox catalysis.Both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous reactions show a quadratic dependence of the activation free energy on the driving force.The rate constant data have been treated in terms of classical ET theories in order to obtain the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.Noteworthy, the values of the standard potential for the sulfide/sulfide anion radical redox couple, derived in the treatment of the two independent sets of homogeneous and heterogeneous data, are practically coincident.Structural parameters, from semiempirical MO calculations on azobenzene and its anion radical have been used to evaluate the azobenzene contribution to the cross ET activation energy and consequently to estimate, by comparison with the experimental results, the electron-exchange activation energy for the sulfide.The transition from the neutral sulfide to its anion radical involves relevant variations of the internal coordinates, in agreement with the very fast anion radical fragmentation.
- Severin, Maria Gabriella,Arevalo, Maria Carmen,Maran, Flavio,Vianello, Elio
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p. 150 - 157
(2007/10/02)
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- Leukotriene antagonists
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Leukotriene antagonists are disclosed comprising compounds having the general formula represented by the formula shown below, esters, amides and physio-logically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds retain the natural 5(S) 6(R) configuration, the 5-hydroxyl group and the natural unsaturated tail with the peptide replaced by a substituted aromatic nucleus linked via a sulfur or oxygen substituent linking a substituent to the 6 position.
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- Rapid and Selective Reduction of Functionalized Aromatic Disulfides with Lithium Tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride. A Remarkable Steric and Electronic Control. Comparison of Various Hydride Reagents
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Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminohydride (LTBA), an exceptionally mild reducing agent in organic synthesis, reduces functionalized aromatic disulfides to the corresponding thiols in quantitative yield.The reaction is rapid (for example, o-tolyl disulfide is reduced to completion in 60 min at 25 deg C) and can tolerate a wide variety of functional groups, such as halogen, nitro, carboxylic acid, and their derivatives.The presence of electron-withdrawing substituents dramatically enhances the rate of reduction (p-chlorophenyl disulfide is quantitatively reduced in 30 s) and electron-releasing substituents diminishes the rate of cleavage.The reaction is sensitive to steric effects (2,4-di-tert-pentylphenyl disulfide underwent 25percent reduction in 24 h).However, such hindered disulfides can be rapidly and quantitatively reduced in refluxing THF.The reaction of LTBA with alkyl disulfides is extremely sluggish.The reaction provides a useful and simple means for the facile and selective reduction of aromatic disulfides where this is required in synthetic operations.
- Krishnamurthy, S.,Aimino, D.
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p. 4458 - 4462
(2007/10/02)
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- Benzonitrile and benzothiocyano intermediates
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There are described compounds of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C3-6 alkenyl, X and Y are each oxygen, sulphur, sulphinyl or sulphonyl, n is 2 to
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- 4-Substituted phenyl 4'-(5-N-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl) thiobenzoates
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Disclosed are compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R2 is either an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cyano group or a nitro group. The compounds of the inven
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