- From Quinoline to Quinazoline-Based S. aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors by Coupling a Focused Scaffold Hopping Approach and a Pharmacophore Search
-
Antibiotic resistance breakers, such as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), represent a powerful alternative to the development of new antimicrobials. Recently, by using previously described EPIs, we developed pharmacophore models able to identify inhibitors of NorA, the most studied efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus. Herein we report the pharmacophore-based virtual screening of a library of new potential NorA EPIs generated by an in-silico scaffold hopping approach of the quinoline core. After chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of the best virtual hits, we found the quinazoline core as the best performing scaffold. Accordingly, we designed and synthesized a series of functionalized 2-arylquinazolines, which were further evaluated as NorA EPIs. Four of them exhibited a strong synergism with ciprofloxacin and a good inhibition of ethidium bromide efflux on resistant S. aureus strains coupled with low cytotoxicity against human cell lines, thus highlighting a promising safety profile.
- Cedraro, Nicholas,Cannalire, Rolando,Astolfi, Andrea,Mangiaterra, Gianmarco,Felicetti, Tommaso,Vaiasicca, Salvatore,Cernicchi, Giada,Massari, Serena,Manfroni, Giuseppe,Tabarrini, Oriana,Cecchetti, Violetta,Barreca, Maria Letizia,Biavasco, Francesca,Sabatini, Stefano
-
-
Read Online
- Efficient nitriding reagent and application thereof
-
The invention discloses an efficient nitriding reagent and application thereof, wherein the nitriding reagent comprises nitrogen oxide, an active agent, a reducing agent and an organic solvent. By applying the nitriding reagent, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amide, nitrile and the like can be produced, and the method is simple in condition, low in waste discharge amount and simple in reaction equipment.
- -
-
Paragraph 0312-0314
(2021/03/31)
-
- Visible light-mediated synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amine-boranes
-
Here, a photocatalytic deoxygenative amidation protocol using readily available amine-boranes and carboxylic acids is described. This approach features mild conditions, moderate-to-good yields, easy scale-up, and up to 62 examples of functionalized amides with diverse substituents. The synthetic robustness of this method was also demonstrated by its application in the late-stage functionalization of several pharmaceutical molecules.
- Chen, Xuenian,Kang, Jia-Xin,Ma, Yan-Na,Miao, Yu-Qi
-
supporting information
p. 3595 - 3599
(2021/06/06)
-
- Design of an Electron-Withdrawing Benzonitrile Ligand for Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Involving Tertiary Nucleophiles
-
The design of new ligands for cross-coupling is essential for developing new catalytic reactions that access valuable products such as pharmaceuticals. In this report, we exploit the reactivity of nitrile-containing additives in Ni catalysis to design a benzonitrile-containing ligand for cross-coupling involving tertiary nucleophiles. Kinetic and Hammett studies are used to elucidate the role of the optimized ligand, which demonstrate that the benzonitrile moiety acts as an electron-acceptor to promote reductive elimination over β-hydride elimination and stabilize low-valent Ni. With these conditions, a protocol for decyanation-metalation and Ni-catalyzed arylation is conducted, enabling access to quaternary α-arylnitriles from disubstituted malononitriles.
- Edjoc, Racquel K.,Mills, L. Reginald,Rousseaux, Sophie A. L.
-
supporting information
p. 10422 - 10428
(2021/07/26)
-
- Transamidation for the Synthesis of Primary Amides at Room Temperature
-
Various primary amides have been synthesized using the transamidation of various tertiary amides under metal-free and mild reaction conditions. When (NH4)2CO3 reacts with a tertiary amide bearing an N-electron-withdrawing substituent, such as sulfonyl and diacyl, in DMSO at 25 °C, the desired primary amide product is formed in good yield with good funcctional group tolerance. In addition, N-tosylated lactam derivatives afforded their corresponding N-tosylamido alkyl amide products via a ring opening reaction.
- Chen, Jiajia,Lee, Sunwoo,Xia, Yuanzhi
-
supporting information
(2020/05/05)
-
- Nitromethane as a nitrogen donor in Schmidt-type formation of amides and nitriles
-
The Schmidt reaction has been an efficient and widely used synthetic approach to amides and nitriles since its discovery in 1923. However, its application often entails the use of volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents. Here, we report a sequence whereby triflic anhydride and formic and acetic acids activate the bulk chemical nitromethane to serve as a nitrogen donor in place of azides in Schmidt-like reactions. This protocol further expands the substrate scope to alkynes and simple alkyl benzenes for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
- Jiao, Ning,Liu, Jianzhong,Qiu, Xu,Song, Song,Wei, Jialiang,Wen, Xiaojin,Zhang, Cheng,Zhang, Ziyao
-
supporting information
p. 281 - 285
(2020/01/28)
-
- Arene-ruthenium(II)-phosphine complexes: Green catalysts for hydration of nitriles under mild conditions
-
Three new arene-ruthenium(II) complexes were prepared by treating [{RuCl(μ-Cl)(η6-arene)}2] (η6-arene = p-cymene) dimer with tri(2-furyl)phosphine (PFu3) and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), respectively to obtain [RuCl2(η6-arene)PFu3] [Ru]-1, [RuCl(η6-arene)(PFu3)(PTA)]BF4 [Ru]-2 and [RuCl(η6-arene)(PFu3)2]BF4 [Ru]-3. All the complexes were structurally identified using analytical and spectroscopic methods including single-crystal X-ray studies. The effectiveness of resulting complexes as potential homogeneous catalysts for selective hydration of different nitriles into corresponding amides in aqueous medium and air atmosphere was explored. There was a remarkable difference in catalytic activity of the catalysts depending on the nature and number of phosphorus-donor ligands and sites available for catalysis. Experimental studies performed using structural analogues of efficient catalyst concluded a structural-activity relationship for the higher catalytic activity of [Ru]-1, being able to convert huge variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic nitriles. The use of eco-friendly water as a solvent, open atmosphere and avoidance of any organic solvent during the catalytic reactions prove the reported process to be truly green and sustainable.
- Vyas, Komal M.,Mandal, Poulami,Singh, Rinky,Mobin, Shaikh M.,Mukhopadhyay, Suman
-
-
- Selectivity-tunable amine aerobic oxidation catalysed by metal-free N,O-doped carbons
-
Herein, we present a series of N,O-doped mesoporous carbons obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures as the first metal-free catalysts which successfully switch between imine and nitrile products for amine oxidation. Systematic characterization studies and control experiments revealed that the C-O group on the surface could function as a catalytically active site for nitrile synthesis and the N-doping environment was essential.
- Li, Yingguang,Shang, Sensen,Wang, Lianyue,Lv, Ying,Niu, Jingyang,Gao, Shuang
-
supporting information
p. 12251 - 12254
(2019/10/21)
-
- Method for preparing derivatives of benzamide under microwave condition in aqueous phase
-
The invention discloses a method for preparing derivatives of benzamide under a microwave condition in an aqueous phase. A coupling reaction is carried out between substituted benzoic acid and amine under the microwave condition in the aqueous phase. The method for preparing the derivatives of benzamide is environmentally friendly, easy and convenient to operate, safe, low in cost and efficient. Compared with the prior art, the method can be applicable to a large number of functional groups, is high in yield, produces fewer by-products, and further is easy to operate, safe, low in cost and environmentally friendly. A formula is shown in the description.
- -
-
Paragraph 0018; 0078
(2019/03/28)
-
- Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C-H halogenation of electron-deficient arenes
-
A straightforward Ni(ii)-catalyzed general strategy was developed for the ortho-halogenation of electron-deficient arenes with easily available halogenating reagents N-halosuccinimides (NXS; X = Br, Cl and I). The transformation was highly regioselective and a wide substrate scope and functional group tolerance were observed. This discovery could be of great significance for the selective halogenation of amides, benzoic esters and other substances with guiding groups. Mechanistic investigations were also described.
- Li, Ze-Lin,Wu, Peng-Yu,Cai, Chun
-
supporting information
p. 3462 - 3468
(2019/02/25)
-
- Acid-promoted palladium(II)-catalyzed ortho-halogenation of primary benzamides: En route to halo-arenes
-
Br?nsted acid-promoted palladium(II)-catalyzed regioselective installation of halogens (Br, Cl, and I) to the aromatic ring of benzamide derivatives has been achieved using primary amides. A wide variety of benzamides were compatible under established conditions to afford the halogenated products without installing any external auxiliary. Mild reaction conditions, use of primary amide as a directing group, external additive-free conditions, and gram-scale reaction are some appealing features of this protocol. Detailed experimental results revealed that Br?nsted acid plays a critical role in this transformation.
- Jaiswal, Yogesh,Kumar, Amit
-
-
- Ti-superoxide catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes with saccharin as nitrogen source: Synthesis of primary amides
-
A new heterogeneous catalytic system (Ti-superoxide/saccharin/TBHP) has been developed that efficiently catalyzes oxidative amidation of aldehydes to produce various primary amides. The protocol employs saccharin as amine source and was found to tolerate a wide range of substrates with different functional groups. Moderate to excellent yields, catalyst reusability and operational simplicity are the main highlights. A possible mechanism and the role of the catalyst in oxidative amidation have also been discussed.
- Kamble, Rohit B.,Mane, Kishor D.,Rupanawar, Bapurao D.,Korekar, Pranjal,Sudalai,Suryavanshi, Gurunath
-
p. 724 - 728
(2020/01/23)
-
- Hydration of nitriles using a metal-ligand cooperative ruthenium pincer catalyst
-
Nitrile hydration provides access to amides that are important structural elements in organic chemistry. Here we report catalytic nitrile hydration using ruthenium catalysts based on a pincer scaffold with a dearomatized pyridine backbone. These complexes catalyze the nucleophilic addition of H2O to a wide variety of aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic nitriles in tBuOH as solvent. Reactions occur under mild conditions (room temperature) in the absence of additives. A mechanism for nitrile hydration is proposed that is initiated by metal-ligand cooperative binding of the nitrile.
- Guo, Beibei,Otten, Edwin,De Vries, Johannes G.
-
p. 10647 - 10652
(2019/12/02)
-
- Solvent-Tailored Pd3P0.95 nano catalyst for amide-nitrile inter-conversion, the hydration of nitriles and transfer hydrogenation of the CO bond
-
For the first time, a one pot thermolysis of [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2] prepared by reacting Ph3P with PdCl2 in a 2:1 molar ratio in MeOH at 280 °C in a trioctylphosphine (TOP) and oleylamine(OA)-octadecane(ODE) mixture (1:1) was used to prepare quantum dots (QDs; size ~2-3 nm) and nanoparticles (NPs; size ~13-14 nm), respectively, of composition Pd3P0.95. TEM, SEM-EDX, powder-XRD and XPS (for QDs only) were used to authenticate the two nanophases. 31P{1H}NMR experiments performed to monitor the progress of thermolysis reactions revealed that the phosphorus present in the Pd3P0.95 QDs had come from TOP, whereas in Pd3P0.95 NPs, its source is triphenylphosphine. The nature of the solvent did not affect the chemical composition of the nano-phase but controlled its size. Probably, solvent dependent, unique, single source precursors (SSPs) of palladium were generated in situ, and controlled the size. The catalytic activity of both Pd3P0.95 QDs and NPs was explored. The QDs were found to be efficient as a catalyst for the amide-nitrile interconversion at room temperature (yield up to 92% in 4 h), hydration of nitriles and transfer hydrogenation (TH) of carbonyl compounds with yields up to 96% in 3-4 h. The yields and reaction rates of amide-nitrile inter-conversion and TH when catalyzed by Pd3P0.95 QDs were found to be higher compared to the ones observed with the Pd/C catalyst. The binding energy of Pd(3d) in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of Pd3P0.95 indicated an electron transfer from the metal to phosphorus, resulting in electron deficient palladium, which facilitates the coordination of a substrate to Pd and drives the reaction. The reusability of Pd3P0.95 QDs for the interconversion was found to be up to 4-Times, while for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds it was up to 6-Times, but with a diminished yield. Pd3P0.95 NPs were found to be less active (yield up to 36% in optimized reaction conditions) in comparison to Pd3P0.95 QDs. The mercury poisoning test suggested that the catalysis predominantly proceeded heterogeneously on the surface of the QDs. The PXRD and XPS results did not suggest a significant variation in the phase of QDs after the third catalytic cycle. The bleeding of Pd during catalysis (determined by flame AAS) and the agglomeration of QDs as supported by the SEM-EDX and TEM results are probably responsible for the reduction in the catalytic activity of QDs after reusing three times.
- Sharma, Alpesh K.,Joshi, Hemant,Bhaskar, Renu,Singh, Ajai K.
-
supporting information
p. 10962 - 10970
(2019/07/31)
-
- Chemoselective Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Amides and Grignard Reagents via C(O)-N Bond Cleavage under Catalyst-Free Conditions
-
Conversion of a wide range of N-Boc amides to aryl ketones was achieved with Grignard reagents via chemoselective C(O)-N bond cleavage. The reactions proceeded under catalyst-free conditions with different aryl, alkyl, and alkynyl Grignard reagents. α-Ketoamide was successfully converted to aryl diketones, while α,β-unsaturated amide underwent 1,4-addition followed by C(O)-N bond cleavage to provide diaryl propiophenones. N-Boc amides displayed higher reactivity than Weinreb amides with Grignard reagents. A broad substrate scope, excellent yields, and quick conversion are important features of this methodology.
- Sureshbabu, Popuri,Azeez, Sadaf,Muniyappan, Nalluchamy,Sabiah, Shahulhameed,Kandasamy, Jeyakumar
-
p. 11823 - 11838
(2019/10/02)
-
- Method for synthesizing chlorantraniliprole derivative intermediate
-
The invention provides a method for synthesizing a chlorantraniliprole derivative intermediate, belonging to the field of agricultural pesticides. The method comprises the following steps: subjectingthe intermediate 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid to chlorination so as to prepare 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-formyl chloride; subjecting the raw material 2-bromobenzoic acid to acylating chlorination and ammoniation so as to prepare substituted 2-bromo-benzamide; and subjecting 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-formyl chloride and substituted 2-bromo-benzamide to cyclization so as to obtain the chlorantraniliprole derivative intermediate. The method of the invention is simple and common; reagents used in the process of synthesis are low in toxicity, used solvents are recyclable, and few by-products are produced, so the method has little corrosion to equipment and low pollution to environment; since raw materials are cheap, production cost is reduced and good economical efficiency is obtained; therefore, the method has good application prospects.
- -
-
Paragraph 0014; 0016
(2018/04/02)
-
- Stable and reusable nanoscale Fe2O3-catalyzed aerobic oxidation process for the selective synthesis of nitriles and primary amides
-
The sustainable introduction of nitrogen moieties in the form of nitrile or amide groups in functionalized molecules is of fundamental interest because nitrogen-containing motifs are found in a large number of life science molecules, natural products and materials. Hence, the synthesis and functionalization of nitriles and amides from easily available starting materials using cost-effective catalysts and green reagents is highly desired. In this regard, herein we report the nanoscale iron oxide-catalyzed environmentally benign synthesis of nitriles and primary amides from aldehydes and aqueous ammonia in the presence of 1 bar O2 or air. Under mild reaction conditions, this iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation process proceeds to synthesise functionalized and structurally diverse aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic nitriles. Additionally, applying this iron-based protocol, primary amides have also been prepared in a water medium.
- Murugesan, Kathiravan,Senthamarai, Thirusangumurugan,Sohail, Manzar,Sharif, Muhammad,Kalevaru, Narayana V.,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.
-
supporting information
p. 266 - 273
(2018/01/12)
-
- Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides to Produce Primary Amides by Using NH4HCO3 Dually as Ammonia Surrogate and Base
-
An efficient and clean protocol was developed for rapid production of primary aromatic amides by aminocarbonylation with NH4HCO3. Without addition of auxiliary base, the use of solid and cheap NH4HCO3 dually as ammonia surrogate and base not only promoted aminocarbonylation over subsequent dehydration and hydrolysis of amides owing to its weak basicity, and it also made the reaction manipulation clean and simplified without the presence of stinky NH3 or organic amines. The Xantphos ligand with relatively intensive π-acceptor character (1J31P–77Se=758 Hz) and wide natural bite angle (βn=111°) was found to be indispensable for the high efficiency of this reaction.
- Wang, Dong-Liang,Liu, Huan,Yang, Da,Wang, Peng,Lu, Yong,Liu, Ye
-
p. 4206 - 4211
(2017/12/02)
-
- A Brevibacterium process for synthesizing amide
-
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing amide through nitrile hydrolysis. The method comprises the following steps: adding nitrile, acetaldoxime, water, a water-soluble rhodium complex to a reaction vessel, and cooling to room temperature after reaction of a reaction mixture for several hours at the temperature of 50-80 DEG C; and adding ethyl acetate for extraction so as to obtain an organic layer, and carrying out rotary evaporation to remove a solvent, thus obtaining a target product. Compared with a method for synthesizing amide through nitrile hydrolysis by using oxime as a water source in a transition metal catalysis process, the method has the advantages that a used catalyst is low in loading and does not contain a phosphine ligand seriously polluting environments, synthesis can be performed in air, and nitrogen protection is not needed; and therefore, the method meets the green chemistry requirements and has a wide development prospect.
- -
-
Paragraph 0048; 0049; 0050; 0051
(2017/04/29)
-
- Trinuclear complexes of palladium(II) with chalcogenated N-heterocyclic carbenes: Catalysis of selective nitrile-primary amide interconversion and Sonogashira coupling
-
3-Methyl-1-(2-(phenylthio/seleno)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium iodide (L1/L2), a precursor of sulfated/selenated N-heterocyclic carbene, was synthesized by the reaction of benzimidazole with 1,2-dichloroethane followed by treatment with PhS/SeNa and MeI. The reaction of L1/L2 with Ag2O followed by treatment with [Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2] (metal to ligand ratio 3:2), i.e. transmetallation, resulted in trinuclear palladium(ii) complexes [Pd3(L1/L2-HI)2(CH3CN)Cl6] (1-2). The complexes were characterized with 1H, 13C{1H} and 77Se{1H} NMR (2 only), elemental analyses, HR-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The geometry of three Pd atoms in each complex is nearly square planar. The Pd-S/Se, Pd-C, Pd-N and Pd-Cl bond distances (?) in 1/2 are 2.3179(19)/2.4312(10), 1.968(7)/1.952(4), 2.073(8)/2.079(4) and 2.2784(19)-2.298(2)/2.292(2)-2.3003(15), respectively. In both the complexes, all Cl are trans to each other. For the central Pd atom, two benzimidazole rings are also trans to each other. The C-H?Cl non-covalent interactions result in a three-dimensional network. The moisture and air insensitive trinuclear Pd(ii) complexes 1 and 2 are thermally stable and efficient as a catalyst for nitrile-amide interconversion and amine-free Sonogashira C-C coupling (in the presence of CuI). The optimum temperature is 80 °C for the interconversion and 110 °C for the coupling. The catalytic protocols are applicable to both aliphatic and aromatic amides/nitriles. The optimum catalyst loading is 1 mol% for the C-C coupling and 0.5 to 1 mol% for the interconversion. K2CO3 as a base gives the best result for Sonogashira C-C coupling. In the conversion of nitriles to amides, the formation of an acid was not detected. After using once, 1/2 can carry out the conversion of ten fresh lots of nitriles to amides with almost the same efficiency. The real catalytic species for the interconversion and coupling appear to be based on Pd(ii) and Pd(0), respectively.
- Dubey, Pooja,Gupta, Sonu,Singh, Ajai K.
-
p. 13065 - 13076
(2017/10/13)
-
- Phosphinous Acid-Assisted Hydration of Nitriles: Understanding the Controversial Reactivity of Osmium and Ruthenium Catalysts
-
The synthesis and catalytic behavior of the osmium(II) complexes [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PR2OH)] [R=Me (2 a), Ph (2 b), OMe (2 c), OPh (2 d)] in nitrile hydration reactions is presented. Among them, the best catalytic results were obtained with the phosphinous acid derivative [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (2 a), which selectively provided the desired primary amides in excellent yields and short times at 80 °C, employing directly water as solvent, and without the assistance of any basic additive (TOF values up to 200 h?1). The process was successful with aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and α,β-unsaturated organonitriles, and showed a high functional group tolerance. Indeed, complex 2 a represents the most active and versatile osmium-based catalyst for the hydration of nitriles reported so far in the literature. In addition, it exhibits a catalytic performance similar to that of its ruthenium analogue [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (4). However, when compared to 4, the osmium complex 2 a turned out to be faster in the hydration of less-reactive aliphatic nitriles, whereas the opposite trend was generally observed with aromatic substrates. DFT calculations suggest that these differences in reactivity are mainly related to the ring strain associated with the key intermediate in the catalytic cycle, that is, a five-membered metallacyclic species generated by intramolecular addition of the hydroxyl group of the phosphinous acid ligand to the metal-coordinated nitrile.
- González-Fernández, Rebeca,Crochet, Pascale,Cadierno, Victorio,Menéndez, M. Isabel,López, Ramón
-
p. 15210 - 15221
(2017/10/12)
-
- Highly efficient synthesis of primary amides: Via aldoximes rearrangement in water under air atmosphere catalyzed by an ionic ruthenium pincer complex
-
The transformation of aldoximes to primary amides has been evaluated using pincer ruthenium complexes a-c, among which the ionic Ru catalyst a proved to be the most efficient in water under air atmosphere. A variety of (hetero)arene aldoximes proceeded smoothly to afford amides in high yields with good functional group compatibilities. Furthermore, a direct synthetic route of amides from aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate was also described with broad substrates including conjugated and aliphatic aldehydes. This protocol is operationally simple and proceeds with a low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%).
- Yang, Fa-Liu,Zhu, Xinju,Rao, Dun-Kang,Cao, Xiao-Niu,Li, Ke,Xu, Yan,Hao, Xin-Qi,Song, Mao-Ping
-
p. 37093 - 37098
(2016/05/24)
-
- A method of from [...] amide
-
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing amides from oxime. The method is characterized by adding oxime, water and a water-soluble iridium complex catalyst to a reaction vessel, cooling a reactant to the room temperature after the reaction mixture reacts at 80-120 DEG C for several hours, removing water through selective evaporation, and obtaining a target product through column separation. Compared with existing methods for synthesizing amides through oxime rearrangement in water through transition metal catalysis, the method has the advantages that the used catalyst is low in load and does not contain phosphine ligands severely polluting the environment, so that the reaction can be carried out in the air, without nitrogen protection; therefore the reaction meets the green chemical requirements and has an extensive development prospect.
- -
-
Paragraph 0070-0074
(2017/01/31)
-
- Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Annulation of Primary Benzamides with Diazo Compounds: Approach to Isoquinolinones
-
Reported herein is a Rh-catalyzed redox-neutral annulation of primary benzamides with diazo compounds, representing an efficient and economic protocol to isoquinolinones. The procedure exhibited good functional group tolerability, scalability, and regioselectivity, obviating the need for oxidants, and only environmentally benign N2 and H2O were released. Further utilization of the method provided an alternative route to functionalized isoquinolines.
- Wu, Youzhi,Sun, Peng,Zhang, Kaifan,Yang, Tie,Yao, Hequan,Lin, Aijun
-
p. 2166 - 2173
(2016/03/15)
-
- Magnetically recyclable copper modified GO/Fe3O4 catalyst for efficient synthesis of quinazolinones
-
A series of bioactive quinazolinones were effectively synthesized by the condensation of halide benzamide with amino acid using magnetically recyclable GO/Fe3O4-CuI as catalyst. Magnetic GO/Fe3O4-CuI was prepared via a simple chemical method and characterized by FTIR, powder XRD, and SEM. This heterogeneous copper catalyst can be easily separated from reaction mixtures by an external permanent magnet and reused without any obvious loss in activity which shows its applicability as a reusable and promising catalyst for quinazolinones synthesis.
- Kong, Lu-Lu,Fan, Li-Yan
-
supporting information
p. 827 - 831
(2016/06/14)
-
- Design, synthesis and fungicidal activity of N-substituted benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl-1-carboxamide
-
To find a new lead compound with high biological activity, a series of N-substituted benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl-1-carboxamide were designed using linking active substructures method. The target compounds were synthesized from substituted benzoic acid by four steps and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR spectrum and elemental analysis. The in vitro bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activities, and the position of the substituents played an important role in fungicidal activities. Especially, compound 5n, exhibited better fungicidal activities than the commercial fungicide flutolanil against two tested fungi Valsa Mali and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 3.44 and 2.63 mg/L, respectively. And it also displayed good in vivo fungicidal activity against S. sclerotiorum with the EC50 value of 29.52 mg/L.
- Lei, Peng,Xu, Yan,Du, Juan,Yang, Xin-Ling,Yuan, Hui-Zhu,Xu, Gao-Fei,Ling, Yun
-
supporting information
p. 2544 - 2546
(2016/07/07)
-
- Direct Transformation of Ethylarenes into Primary Aromatic Amides with N -Bromosuccinimide and I2-Aqueous NH3
-
A variety of ethylarenes were converted into the corresponding primary aromatic amides in good yields via treatment with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) in a mixture of ethyl acetate and water, acetonitrile and water, or chloroform and water, followed by reaction with molecular iodine and aq NH3 in one pot. It was found that aryl α-bromomethyl ketones and/or aryl methyl ketones were formed at the first reaction step and their iodoform-type reaction occurred at the second reaction step to provide primary aromatic amides. The present reaction is a useful and practical transition-metal-free method for the preparation of primary aromatic amides from ethylarenes. (Chemical Equation Presented).
- Shimokawa, Shohei,Kawagoe, Yuhsuke,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
-
supporting information
p. 784 - 787
(2016/03/01)
-
- Visible Light-Induced Iodine-Catalyzed Transformation of Terminal Alkynes to Primary Amides via C≡C Bond Cleavage under Aqueous Conditions
-
The visible light-induced iodine-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of the C≡C bond for transforming terminal alkynes into primary amides in the presence of ammonia under aqueous conditions is described. This metal-free protocol which ensued via initial hydroamination of the acetylene bond followed by liberation of diiodomethane (CH2I2) was found to be applicable to aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic alkynes.
- Dighe, Shashikant U.,Batra, Sanjay
-
supporting information
p. 500 - 505
(2016/02/12)
-
- Chlorophosphines as auxiliary ligands in ruthenium-catalyzed nitrile hydration reactions: Application to the preparation of β-ketoamides
-
The catalytic hydration of nitriles into amides, in water under neutral conditions, has been studied using a series of arene-ruthenium(ii) complexes containing commercially available chlorophosphines as auxiliary ligands, i.e. compounds [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PR2Cl)] (R = aryl, heteroaryl or alkyl group). In the reaction medium, the coordinated chlorophosphines readily undergo hydrolysis to generate the corresponding phosphinous acids PR2OH, which are well-known "cooperative" ligands for this catalytic transformation. Among the complexes employed, best results were obtained with [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){P(4-C6H4F)2Cl}]. Performing the catalytic reactions at 40 °C with 2 mol% of this complex, a large variety of organonitriles could be selectively converted into the corresponding primary amides in high yields and relatively short times. The application of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){P(4-C6H4F)2Cl}] in the preparation of synthetically useful β-ketoamides is also presented.
- González-Fernández, Rebeca,González-Liste, Pedro J.,Borge, Javier,Crochet, Pascale,Cadierno, Victorio
-
p. 4398 - 4409
(2016/07/06)
-
- Cobalt/nitrophenolate-catalyzed selective conversion of aldoximes into nitriles or amides
-
A novel cobalt/nitrophenolate complex has been synthesized, characterized and studied for their catalytic activities. Conversion of aldoximes to nitriles can be performed via in situ conditions from cobalt(II) acetate and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The rearrangement of aldoximes to amides via cobalt(II) acetate and 2-nitro-1-naphthol has also been demonstrated. A complete reversal of transformation was accomplished by modifying the cobalt salt and careful choice of both the nitrophenol ligand and reaction conditions.
- Jang, Wonseok,Kim, Se Eun,Yang, Cheol Mo,Yoon, Sungwoo,Park, Myunghwan,Lee, Junseong,Kim, Youngjo,Kim, Min
-
p. 120 - 123
(2015/02/02)
-
- Transition-metal-free hydration of nitriles using potassium tert -butoxide under anhydrous conditions
-
Potassium tert-butoxide acts as a nucleophilic oxygen source during the hydration of nitriles to give the corresponding amides under anhydrous conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly for a broad range of substrates under mild conditions, providing an efficient and economically affordable synthetic route to the amides in excellent yields. This protocol does not need any transition-metal catalyst or any special experimental setup and is easily scalable to bulk scale synthesis. A single-electron-transfer radical mechanism as well as an ionic mechanism have been proposed for the hydration process.
- Midya, Ganesh Chandra,Kapat, Ajoy,Maiti, Subhadip,Dash, Jyotirmayee
-
supporting information
p. 4148 - 4151
(2015/05/05)
-
- Selective NaOH-catalysed hydration of aromatic nitriles to amides
-
The selective synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic amides through base-catalysed hydration of nitriles was achieved using inexpensive and commercially available NaOH as the only catalyst. A wide range of nitriles was selectively converted to their corresponding amides. Kinetic studies show that the double hydration of nitriles towards undesirable carboxylic acids is negligible under our reaction conditions.
- Schmid, Thibault E.,Gómez-Herrera, Alberto,Songis, Olivier,Sneddon, Deborah,Révolte, Antoine,Nahra, Fady,Cazin, Catherine S. J.
-
p. 2865 - 2868
(2015/05/27)
-
- Highly active, chemo- and enantioselective Pt-SPO catalytic systems for the synthesis of aromatic carboxamides
-
Platinum complexes modified with a chiral non-racemizing SPO preligand 1 have been applied in the hydration of aromatic nitriles. [Pt(1)3Cl]Cl formed readily from Pt(COD)Cl2. The chiral secondary phosphine oxide complex showed moderate activity in the hydration of para- and meta-substituted benzonitriles, but failed in converting the ortho-substituted derivatives. The hydride complex PtH(PR2OH)(PR2O-H?OR2P) (PR2OH = 1) formed from Pt(PPh3)4 and 1, and the cationic complex derived from [Pt(1)3Cl]Cl via direct chloride abstraction with AgNO3 were proven to be considerably more active, allowing us to extend the scope to the hydration of ortho-substituted aromatic nitriles, including axially chiral [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-dicarbonitrile. In the hydration of the racemic dinitrile, successful kinetic resolution has been achieved. The catalysts derived from non-racemizing 1 are the first chiral transition metal-SPO complexes that provide kinetic resolution in the hydration of a racemic chiral nitrile.
- Gulyás, Henrik,Rivilla, Ivan,Curreli, Simona,Freixa, Zoraida,Van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M.
-
p. 3822 - 3828
(2015/07/01)
-
- Rearrangement of aldoximes to amides in water under air atmosphere catalyzed by water-soluble iridium complex [Cp*Ir(H2O) 3][OTf]2
-
In the presence of the water-soluble iridium complex [Cp*Ir(H 2O)3][OTf]2, a variety of aldoximes, including aromatic, aliphatic, conjugated unsaturated and non-conjugated unsaturated, were converted into their corresponding amides in water with good to excellent yields. Further, the one-pot synthesis of amides from aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate via a tandem condensation-rearrangement reaction in water was also accomplished. Compared with the reported organometallic catalysts for the rearrangement of aldoximes to amides in water, the present catalyst exhibited some advantages such as being phosphorus ligand-free, having low catalyst loading, and operational convenience under air atmosphere. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Sun, Chunlou,Qu, Panpan,Li, Feng
-
p. 988 - 996
(2014/04/03)
-
- High-temperature synthesis of amides from alcohols or aldehydes by using flow chemistry
-
An efficient conversion of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols or aldehydes into the corresponding primary amides was successfully achieved by using flow chemistry. Excellent yields were obtained in very short reaction times, and thus this method offers an efficient alternative to traditional methods for amide formation.
- Ambreen, Nida,Wirth, Thomas
-
p. 7590 - 7593
(2015/04/22)
-
- Magnetite nanoparticles coated with ruthenium via SePh layer as a magnetically retrievable catalyst for the selective synthesis of primary amides in an aqueous medium
-
The nanostructured magnetic oxide Fe3O4 has been coated with silica and then reacted with phenylselenyl chloride under a N 2 atmosphere and RuCl3·xH2O successively in an aqueous medium to prepare Fe3O4@SiO 2@SePh@Ru(OH)x nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time. These magnetically retrievable NPs have been authenticated using TEM, SEM-EDX and powder-XRD and found to be an efficient catalyst for one pot conversion (organic solvent not required) of aldehydes, nitriles and benzyl amine to primary amides in water. For aldehydes and nitriles, the yields of primary amides are up to 93%. These NPs can be recycled more than 7 times for the conversion of benzonitrile to the corresponding amide. Gram-scale transformation carried out by using Fe3O4@SiO2@SePh@Ru(OH) x NPs as a catalyst gives ~86% yield.
- Joshi, Hemant,Sharma, Kamal Nayan,Sharma, Alpesh K.,Prakash, Om,Kumar, Arvind,Singh, Ajai Kumar
-
p. 12365 - 12372
(2014/08/05)
-
- N3 as an efficient reagent for the Schmidt reactions of ketones, arylaldehydes and aromatic carboxylic acids
-
Schmidt reaction of arylaldehydes, ketones and aromatic carboxylic acids using task-specific ionic liquid, [bmim]N3 in the presence of AcOH/H2SO4 proceeds at 50-60 °C within 2-4 h to give the corresponding products. Benzaldehydes containing electron releasing groups afforded to the related benzamide derivatives. Benzonitrile derivatives were formed from the reaction of benzaldehydes containing electron withdrawing groups under these conditions. High yields of the related amides and anilines were obtained from the reaction of a variety of ketones and aromatic carboxylic acids, respectively, utilizing this procedure.
- Valizadeh, Hassan,Gholipour, Hamid,Ahmadi, Mina,Vaghefi, Sevil
-
p. 1287 - 1294
(2014/11/07)
-
- A novel oxidative procedure for the synthesis of benzamides from styrenes and amines under metal-free conditions
-
An interesting procedure for the oxidative synthesis of amides from styrenes and amines has been developed. Various primary amides were formed in moderate yields (25-81%). Secondary amides can be produced in moderate yields as well (41-68%). Notably, no transition metal catalyst was needed for this transformation. This is the first example of oxidative transformation of styrenes to benzamides. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Sharif, Muhammad,Gong, Jin-Long,Langer, Peter,Beller, Matthias,Wu, Xiao-Feng
-
p. 4747 - 4750
(2014/05/06)
-
- Ruthenium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of primary amides from aldehydes in water
-
The readily available arene-ruthenium(ii) complex [RuCl2(η 6-C6Me6){P(NMe2)3}] (5 mol%) proved to be an efficient catalyst for the direct synthesis of primary amides from aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH· HCl) in water at 100 °C. The process, which requires the presence of NaHCO3 to catch the HCl released during the formation of the key aldoxime intermediates, was operative with both aromatic, heteroaromatic, α,β-unsaturated and aliphatic aldehydes, and tolerated several functional groups. A greener approach using commercially available NH 2OH solution (50 wt.% in water) is also presented.
- Garcia-Alvarez, Rocio,Diaz-Alvarez, Alba E.,Crochet, Pascale,Cadierno, Victorio
-
p. 5889 - 5894
(2013/05/09)
-
- Benzamide synthesis by direct electrophilic aromatic substitution with cyanoguanidine
-
Cyanoguanidine is an inexpensive commodity chemical and it is found to be a useful reagent for the direct Friedel-Crafts carboxamidation of arenes. The reaction works best in an excess of Bronsted superacid, an observation suggesting the involvement of a superelectrophilic intermediate. Theoretical calculations indicate that the most stable diprotonated species involves protonation at the guanidine and cyano nitrogen atoms.
- Naredla, Rajasekhar Reddy,Klumpp, Douglas A.
-
experimental part
p. 4779 - 4781
(2012/09/07)
-
- Arene-ruthenium(II) complexes containing inexpensive tris(dimethylamino) phosphine: Highly efficient catalysts for the selective hydration of nitriles into amides
-
The catalytic hydration of nitriles into amides, in water under neutral conditions, has been studied using a series of arene-ruthenium(II) derivatives containing the commercially available and inexpensive ligand tris(dimethylamino)phosphine. Among them, best results were obtained with the complex [RuCl2(η6-C6Me6) {P(NMe2)3}], which selectively provided the desired amides in excellent yields and short times (TOF values up to 11 400 h-1). The process was operative with both aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and α,β-unsaturated organonitriles and showed a high functional group tolerance. The stability of [RuCl2(η6-C 6Me6){P(NMe2)3}] in water was evaluated, observing its progressive decomposition into the less-active dimethylamine-ruthenium(II) complex [RuCl2(η6-C 6Me6)(NHMe2)] by hydrolysis of the coordinated P(NMe2)3 ligand. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the toluene complex [RuCl2(η6-C6H 5Me){P(NMe2)3}] is also included.
- Garcia-Alvarez, Rocio,Diez, Josefina,Crochet, Pascale,Cadierno, Victorio
-
experimental part
p. 5442 - 5451
(2011/12/13)
-
- Significant self-acceleration effects of nitrile additives in the rhodium-catalyzed conversion of aldoximes to amides: A New mechanistic aspect
-
It was found that the catalytic activity of rhodium complexes was highly sensitive to the type of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in the conversion of aldoximes to amides. Among those species examined, the (cyclooctadiene) rhodium chloride-carbene complex Rh(cod)(IMes)Cl exhibited the highest reactivity when it was employed in combination with a Bronsted acid, thus allowing mild reaction conditions. A significant rate acceleration effect resulting from the addition of nitrile additives was also observed. With the new protocol, the substrate scope of aldoximes has been widely expanded to include sterically congested and electronically varied derivatives. On the basis of detailed mechanistic studies, it is proposed that the reaction proceeds mainly via intramolecular electrophilic addition of aldoxime to rhodium-bound nitrile, which is different from the generally postulated two-step route: dehydration of aldoxime to nitrile followed by hydration of the latter intermediate.
- Kim, Min,Lee, Jinwoo,Lee, Hee-Yoon,Chang, Sukbok
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1807 - 1812
(2011/02/25)
-
- Anhydrous hydration of nitriles to amides using aldoximes as the water source
-
[Chemical Equation Presented] Anhydrous hydrolysis of nitriles to amides was developed using acetaldoxime as the water source In the presence of Rh catalyst. Conversion of various nitriles to amides was performed under neutral and anhydrous conditions, and the reaction displays excellent compatibility with acid or base labile and hydrolytically labile functional groups.
- Lee, Jinwoo,Kim, Min,Chang, Sukbok,Lee, Hee-Yoon
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 5598 - 5601
(2010/03/01)
-
- Gold Activation of Nitriles: Catalytic Hydration to Amides
-
A gold-based catalytic system that efficiently mediates the hydration of a broad spectrum of nitriles, including aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic examples and efficiently catalyze the hydration of a range of organonitriles has been reported. Nitriles are considered inert in the context gold catalysis and have only been used as reaction solvent or as throw-away ligands in well-defined cationic gold catalysis. The obtained product was purified by flash chromatography using a gradient of pentane/ethyl acetate and compound 1 was isolated as a colorless solid. Aromatic substrates bearing two nitrile groups as in rn-benzenedinitrile and p-benzenedinitrile underwent double nitrile hydration and afforded excellent yields in the corresponding diamides. There is high relevance for the use of cationic gold complexes bearing such ligands and should have important implications in catalysis.
- Ramon, Ruben S.,Marion, Nicolas,Nolan, Steven P.
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 8695 - 8697
(2010/03/24)
-
- Selective ruthenium-catalyzed hydration of nitriles to amides in pure aqueous medium under neutral conditions
-
A study was conducted to demonstrate that water-soluble ruthenium(II) complexes can be used as catalysts for the hydration of nitriles in pure aqueous media and under neutral conditions. The hydration of benzonitrile was investigated as a model reaction and the ruthenium precursor was added to a 0.33M aqueous solution of benzonitrile at 100°C, while the reaction was monitored by gas chromatography. All the complexes checked, were found to be active and selective catalysts in the hydration process, providing benzamide as a specific reaction product. The most relevant results were obtained by using ruthenium complexes, bearing a nitrogen-containing ligand, which led to appropriate production of benzamide. The most effective ruthenium complex was found to be an efficient catalyst for the selective hydration of a large number of other nitriles.
- Cadierno, Victorio,Francos, Javier,Gimeno, Jose
-
scheme or table
p. 6601 - 6605
(2009/07/10)
-
- Tandem palladium-catalyzed urea arylation-intramolecular ester amidation: Regioselective synthesis of 3-alkylated 2,4-quinazolinediones
-
(Chemical Equation Presented) o-Halo benzoates can be combined with monoalkyl ureas in a tandem palladium-catalyzed arylation-ester amidation sequence to deliver quinazolinedione products. The reactions are regioselective for formation of the 3-N-alkyl isomers. Significant variation of both coupling partners is possible, allowing the synthesis of a diverse array of substituted quinazolinediones, exemplified by the preparation of a simple unsymmetric-dialkylated natural product.
- Willis, Michael C.,Snell, Robert H.,Fletcher, Anthony J.,Woodward, Robert L.
-
p. 5089 - 5091
(2007/10/03)
-
- Sulfur Nitride in Organic Chemistry. 9. The Reaction of Tetrasulfur Tetranitride with Benzyl Ketones. Preparation of 3,4-Disubstituted-1,2,5-thiadiazoles
-
The reaction of tetrasulfur tetranitride (1) with various aryl and benzyl ketones (2a-o), oxindole (11), benzyl α-pyridyl ketone (12) and α-phenacylpyridine (13) afforded the corresponding 1,2,5-thiadiazoles (3a-n, 11 and 14).The scope and limitations of the above reaction were investigated and the evidences suggesting the radical anion mechanism are presented.
- Mataka, Shuntaro,Hosoki, Akira,Takahashi, Kazufumi,Tashiro, Masashi
-
p. 1681 - 1685
(2007/10/02)
-