- Discovery of Novel Tacrine-Pyrimidone Hybrids as Potent Dual AChE/GSK-3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
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Based on a multitarget strategy, a series of novel tacrine-pyrimidone hybrids were identified for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluation results demonstrated that these hybrids exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The optimal compound 27g possessed excellent dual AChE/GSK-3 inhibition both in terms of potency and equilibrium (AChE: IC50 = 51.1 nM; GSK-3β: IC50 = 89.3 nM) and displayed significant amelioration on cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice and efficient reduction against phosphorylation of tau protein on Ser-199 and Ser-396 sites in glyceraldehyde (GA)-stimulated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compound 27g exhibited eligible pharmacokinetic properties, good kinase selectivity, and moderate neuroprotection against GA-induced reduction in cell viability and neurite damage in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. The multifunctional profiles of compound 27g suggest that it deserves further investigation as a promising lead for the prospective treatment of AD.
- Yao, Hong,Uras, Giuseppe,Zhang, Pengfei,Xu, Shengtao,Yin, Ying,Liu, Jie,Qin, Shuai,Li, Xinuo,Allen, Stephanie,Bai, Renren,Gong, Qi,Zhang, Haiyan,Zhu, Zheying,Xu, Jinyi
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p. 7483 - 7506
(2021/06/28)
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- Selenium-catalyzed intramolecular atom- And redox-economical transformation ofo-nitrotoluenes into anthranilic acids
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Anthranilic acids (AAs) are significant basic chemicals used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, fragrances,etc. Superfluous steps are always involved in obtaining AAs. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward strategy to transform abundanto-nitrotoluenes into biologically and pharmaceutically significant AAs without any extra reductants, oxidants and protecting groups. Various sensitive groups, such as halogens, sulfide, aldehyde, pyridines, quinolines,etc., can be tolerated in this transformation. A hundred-gram-scale operation is realized efficiently with almost quantitative selenium recycling. Further mechanistic studies and DFT calculations disclosed the proposed atom-exchange processes and the key roles of the selenium species.
- Jiang, Xuefeng,Li, Yiming,Lin, Zhenyang,Wang, Yuhong,Yang, Tilong
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supporting information
p. 2986 - 2991
(2021/05/05)
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- Chemo-selective reduction of nitro and nitrile compounds using Ni nanoparticles immobilized on hyperbranched polymer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
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The nitro and nitrile groups in aromatic and aliphatic compounds containing various reducible substituents such as carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde and halogen are selectively reduced to the corresponding amines in water as a green solvent with excellent yields by employing NaBH4 in the presence of Fe3O4@PAMAM/Ni(0)-b-PEG nanocatalyst. The morphology and structural features of the catalyst were characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The designed catalyst system because of it being covered with hydrophilic polymers is soluble in a wide range of solvents (e.g. water and ethanol) and suitable for immobilizing and stabilizing Ni nanoparticles in aqueous mediums. In addition, the catalyst can be easily recovered from a reaction mixture by applying an external magnetic field and can be reused up to six runs without significant loss of activity.
- Tabatabaei Rezaei, Seyed Jamal,Mashhadi Malekzadeh, Asemeh,Poulaei, Sima,Ramazani, Ali,Khorramabadi, Hossein
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- Design and development of bioinspired guanine-based organic catalyst for asymmetric catalysis
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Design, preparation, and studies of a family of new organic catalysts are presented. The design of the catalysts is inspired by the ability of DNA nucleobases to develop precise and explicit hydrogen bonds. We have shown that this phenomenon can be used to create a useful organic catalyst that demonstrates a recognition pattern similar to those of common organic substrates. A selected bifunctional catalyst based on a guanine structure has been shown to catalyze the conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to various nitroalkenes, providing the products in good yields and enantioselectivities.
- Suez, Gal,Bloch, Victoria,Nisnevich, Gennady,Gandelman, Mark
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2118 - 2122
(2012/06/01)
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- 5, 7-DIHYDRO- 6H-PYRIMIDO [ 5, 4-D] [ 1 ] BENZAZEPIN-6-THIONES AS PLK INHIBITORS
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This invention provides compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as described in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of PLK and are thus useful for treating proliferative, inflammatory, or cardiovascular disorders.
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Page/Page column 59-60
(2010/06/20)
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- NOVEL COMPOUNDS, ISOMER THEREOF, OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS THEREOF AS VANILLOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME
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This present disclosure relates to novel compounds, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as vanilloid receptor (Vanilloid Receptor 1; VR1; TRPV1) antagonist; and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The present disclosure also provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease such as pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuralgia, neuropathies, nerve injury, skin disorder, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal urgency, a respiratory disorder, irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory diseases, ear disease, heart disease and so on.
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Page/Page column 28
(2009/09/05)
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- INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN KINASES
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The present invention is directed to a compound having the formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, G, and Q are defined herein. The compounds of the present invention are useful as inhibitors of protein kinases. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising a compound according to the above formula. The present invention is also directed to compounds that stabilize the open conformation of a protein kinase, a crystallized protein kinase ih the open conformation, and uses thereof. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful for treating and preventing an inflammatory condition or disease.
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Page/Page column 53-54
(2008/06/13)
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- 1H-QUINAZ0LINE-2,4-DIONES AND THEIR USE AS AMPA-RECEPTOR LIGANDS
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The present invention relates to l H-Quinazoline-2,4-diones of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the specification, their preparation, their use as AMPA-receptor ligands, in particular for the treatment of epilepsy or schizophrenia, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Further, intermediates for the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) and combinations comprising compounds of formula (I) are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 10; 66
(2010/11/24)
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- QUINAZOLINONES
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Disclosed are compounds of formula (I), wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, Z1, Z2, Z3, k, and Y1 have the meanings indicated in claim 1. Said compounds can be used for the treatment of tumors, among other things.
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Page/Page column 96
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for preparing (3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-yl) acetylguanidine derivatives
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A method and apparatus for preventing board warpage during the application and curing or drying of liquid epoxies, or the like, on printed circuit boards using a clamping fixture assembly, which includes at least one clamping fixture support and at least one clamping fixture overlay. If desired, a plurality of printed circuit boards may be processed using an appropriate clamping fixture assembly. Furthermore, the clamping fixture may be constructed so a slight bow or curvature thereof can counter either a convex or concave bow or curvature of the printed circuit board. In the method, at least one printed circuit board is mounted to a clamping fixture support whereby a clamping fixture overlay is placed on top of the first printed circuit board.
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Page/Page column 16
(2008/06/13)
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- 2-Arylureidobenzoic Acids: Selective Noncompetitive Antagonists for the Homomeric Kainate Receptor Subtype GluR5
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A series of 2-arylureidobenzoic acids (AUBAs) was prepared by a short and effective synthesis, and the pharmacological activity at glutamate receptors was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The compounds showed noncompetitive antagonistic activity at the kainate receptor subtype GluR5. The most potent compounds showed more than 50-fold selectivity for GluR5 compared to GluR6 and the AMPA receptor subtypes GluR1-4. The structure-activity relationships for the AUBAs showed distinct structural requirements for the substituents on the two aromatic ring systems. Only para-substituents were tolerated on the benzoic acid moiety (ring A), whereas ring B tolerated a variety of substituents, but with a preference for lipophilic substituents. The most potent compounds had a 4-chloro substituent on ring A and 3-chlorobenzene (6b), 2-naphthalene (8h), or 2-indole (8k) as ring B and had IC50 values of 1.3, 1.2, and 1.2 μM, respectively, in a functional GluR5 assay. Compound 6c (IC50 = 4.8 μM at GluR5) showed activity in the in vivo ATPA rigidity test, indicating that 6c has better pharmacokinetic properties than 8h, which was inactive in this test. The AUBAs are the first example of a series of noncompetitive GluR5-selective antagonists and may prove to be important pharmacological tools and leads in the search for therapeutic glutamatergic agents.
- Valgeirsson, Jon,Nielsen, Elsebet ?.,Peters, Dan,Varming, Thomas,Mathiesen, Claus,Kristensen, Anders S.,Madsen, Ulf
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p. 5834 - 5843
(2007/10/03)
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- Pyridazinedione compounds useful in treating neurological disorders
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The present invention relates to pyridazino[4,5-b]quinolines, and pharmaceutically useful salts thereof, which are excitatory amino acid antagonists and which are useful when such antagonism is desired such as in the treatment of neurological disorders. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing pyridazino[4,5-b]quinolines as active ingredient, and methods for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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- Structure-activity relationships of a series of substituted benzamides: Potent D2/5-HT2 antagonists and 5-HT1a agonists as neuroleptic agents
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A series of substituted (4-(4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)benzamide derivatives was prepared and evaluated as potential atypical antipsychotic agents. The target compounds were readily prepared from their benzoyl chloride, benzoic acid, or isatoic anhydride precursors, and they were evaluated in vitro for their ability to bind to dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2, and serotonin 5-HT1a receptors. To assess the potential antipsychotic activity of these compounds, we investigated their ability to inhibit the apomorphine-induced climbing response in mice. Selected compounds were evaluated further to determine their side-effect potentials. Structure-activity relationships of both mono- and polysubstituted benzamides are discussed herein. While several analogues had potent in vitro and in vivo activities indicative of potential atypical antipsychotic activity, anthranilamide 77 (1192U90) demonstrated a superior pharmacological profile. As a result of this investigation, 1192U90 (2-amino-N-(4-(4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)benzamide hydrochloride) was selected for further evaluation and is currently in phase I clinical trials as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent.
- Norman, Mark H.,Rigdon, Greg C.,Hall, William R.,Navas III, Frank
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p. 1172 - 1188
(2007/10/03)
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- Antimicrobial activity of fluorinated 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ones and 2,2'-dithiobis(benzamides)
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Fluoro and trifluoromethyl derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ones and the 2,2'-dithiobis(benzamides) have been prepared and their antifungal and antibacterial activity evaluated. Several compounds were found highly active against fungi and Gram-positive microorganisms and a few derivatives displayed some activity against Gram-negative strains. Structure-activity relationships are proposed.
- Carmellino,Pagani,Pregnolato,Terreni,Pastoni
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p. 743 - 751
(2007/10/02)
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- 3-Acyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones. Systemically Active Anticonvulsants Acting by Antagonism at the Glycine Site of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Complex
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Most full antagonists at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor contain a carboxylic acid, which we believe to be detrimental to penetration of the blood-brain barrier.By consideration of a pharmacophore, novel antagonists at this site have been designed in which the anionic functionality is a vinylogous acid, in the form of a 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one.In this series, a 3-substituent is necessary for binding, and correct manipulation of this group leads to compounds such as the 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propargyl ester 24 (L-701,273), with an IC50 for displacement of -L-689,560 binding of 0.17 μM and Kb against NMDA in the cortical slice of 1.39 μM.Compounds were tested for their ability to prevent audiogenic seizure in DBA/2 mice; the most potent compound in this series is the cyclopropyl ketone 42 (L-701,252), with an ED50 of 4.1 mg/kg ip.A model is proposed for binding to the glycine site, in which an important interaction is of a putative receptor cation with the ?-system of the 3-substituent.
- Rowley, Michael,Leeson, Paul D.,Stevenson, Graeme I.,Moseley, Angela M.,Stansfield, Ian,et al.
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p. 3386 - 3396
(2007/10/02)
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- Demethyl(trifluoromethyl)actinomycins
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The synthesis of new 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid derivatives 2-10 and their coupling with amino acids and peptides 12, 13, 15 is described.They serve as precursors for the synthesis of the hitherto unknown demethyl(trifluoromethyl)actinocin dimethyl esters 11, demethyl-trifluoromethyl-actinocinyl peptides 14, 16, 18 and the demethyl-trifluoromethyl-actinomycins 17.Although spacially comparable with the methyl residues, the 4- and 6-trifluoromethyl groups have unexpected strong influences on the antibiotic and cytostatic properties of the actinomycins.The CH3/CF3 exchange makes it possible to bring NMR-analytically useful hetero nuclei into the centre of the actinomycin/DNA complex (Figure 1).
- Giencke, Astrid,Lackner, Helmut
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p. 569 - 579
(2007/10/02)
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- Anthranilic acid derivatives
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Agents for lowering glucose levels in blood having the formula: STR1 wherein Ro is bromo, chloro, fluoro, nitro or trifluoromethyl, R is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C2-18 alkanoyl, and R1 is hydrogen or C1-12 alkyl, and the non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
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