- Development of a novel probe for measuring drug binding to the F1*S variant of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein
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A novel probe was developed to measure drug association with the F1*S variant of the human serum protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). The molecule 2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-N-[2(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide (DEDIC) binds to AGP, quenching its native fluorescence. This quenching was fitted to a two-site model giving apparent dissociation constants of 0.049 ± 0.005 and 12 ± 2 μM (mean ± SEM). Quenching of each of the separate variants of AGP by DEDIC was itself described by a two-site model, giving for the F1*S variant KD(F1*S)1 = 0.041 ± 0.010 μM and KD(F1*S)2 = 29 ± 7 μM; and for the A variant KD(A)1 = 0.31 ± 0.18 μM and KD(A)2 = 8.8 ± 0.7 μM. The utility of DEDIC in probing drug interactions with isolated variants was demonstrated in competition experiments with the model drugs amitriptyline and bupivacaine. In addition, the selectivity of DEDIC for variant F1*S rendered it capable of probing the binding of drugs (including the variant A-selective drug amitriptyline) to F1*S in a mixture of variants, such as occurs naturally in whole AGP. DEDIC is unique as an F1*S variant-selective probe of drug binding to whole AGP that is also sufficiently soluble to serve as a probe of drug binding to the lower affinity sites on isolated A and F1*S variants.
- Cogswell III, Lawrence P.,Raines, Douglas E.,Parekh, Sonali,Jonas, Oliver,Maggio, John E.,Strichartz, Gary R.
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Read Online
- INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN ARGININE DEIMINASE 1 AND METHODS OF PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
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The invention provides novel inhibitors or inactivators of protein arginine deiminase 1, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. The invention also relates to molecular probes based on such compounds and methods of use thereof.
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Paragraph 00177; 00179
(2021/01/23)
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- Iodinated 1,2-diacylhydrazines, benzohydrazide-hydrazones and their analogues as dual antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents
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Hydrazide-hydrazones have been described as a scaffold with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities as well as iodinated compounds. A resistance rate of bacterial and fungal pathogens has increased considerably. That is why we synthesized and screened twenty-two iodinated hydrazide-hydrazones 1 and 2, ten 1,2-diacylhydrazines 3 and their three reduced analogues 4 for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. Hydrazide-hydrazones were prepared by condensation of 4-substituted benzohydrazides with 2-/4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzaldehydes, diacylhydrazines from identical benzohydrazides and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid via its chloride. These compounds were investigated in vitro against eight bacterial and eight fungal strains. The derivatives were found potent antibacterial agents against Gram-positive cocci including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with the lowest values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 7.81 μM. Four compounds inhibited also human pathogenic fungi (MIC of ≥1.95 μM). The derivatives had different degrees of cytotoxicity for HepG2 and HK-2 cell lines (IC50 values from 11.72 and 26.80 μM, respectively). Importantly, normal human cells exhibited lower sensitivity. The apoptotic effect was also investigated. In general, the presence of 3,5-diiodosalicylidene scaffold (compounds 1) is translated into enhanced both antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties whereas its 4-hydroxy isomers 2 share a low biological activity. N′-Benzoyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzohydrazides 3 have a non-homogeneous activity profile. Focusing on 4-substituted benzohydrazide part, the presence of an electron-withdrawing group (F, Cl, CF3, NO2) was found to be beneficial.
- Krátky, Martin,Kone?ná, Klára,Brablíková, Michaela,Janou?ek, Ji?í,Pflégr, Václav,Maixnerová, Jana,Trejtnar, Franti?ek,Vin?ová, Jarmila
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- Halogen Bonding Increases the Potency and Isozyme Selectivity of Protein Arginine Deiminase 1 Inhibitors
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Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) hydrolyze the side chain of arginine to form citrulline. Aberrant PAD activity is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and certain cancers. These pathologies established the PADs as therapeutic targets and multiple PAD inhibitors are known. Herein, we describe the first highly potent PAD1-selective inhibitors (1 and 19). Detailed structure–activity relationships indicate that their potency and selectivity is due to the formation of a halogen bond with PAD1. Importantly, these inhibitors inhibit histone H3 citrullination in HEK293TPAD1 cells and mouse zygotes with excellent potency. Based on this scaffold, we also developed a PAD1-selective activity-based probe that shows remarkable cellular efficacy and proteome selectivity. Based on their potency and selectivity we expect that 1 and 19 will be widely used chemical tools to understand PAD1 biology.
- Mondal, Santanu,Gong, Xuefeng,Zhang, Xiaoqian,Salinger, Ari J.,Zheng, Li,Sen, Sudeshna,Weerapana, Eranthie,Zhang, Xuesen,Thompson, Paul R.
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supporting information
p. 12476 - 12480
(2019/08/07)
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- METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTIONS
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In this study, we capitalized on the antimicrobial property and low oral bioavailability of known salicylanilide anthelmintics (closantel, rafoxanide, niclosamide, oxyclozanide) to target the gut pathogen. The anthelmintics displayed excellent potency against C. difficile strains 630 and 4118 (with MIC values as low as 0.06 - 0.13 μg/mL for rafoxanide) via a membrane depolarization mechanism, interestingly, closantel, rafoxanide and compound 8 were bactericidal against logarithmic- and stationary-phase cultures of the BI/NAP1/027 strain 4118. Further evaluation of the salicylanilides showed their preferential activity against Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the salicylanilides were non-hemolytic and were non- toxic to mammalian cell lines HepG2 and HEK 293T/17 within the range of their in vitro MICs and MBCs. The salicylanilide anthelmintics exhibit desirable bactericidal and pharmacokinetic properties and are amenable to repositioning as anti-C. difficile agents.
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Page/Page column 14
(2018/02/27)
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- Scaffold Diversity Inspired by the Natural Product Evodiamine: Discovery of Highly Potent and Multitargeting Antitumor Agents
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A critical question in natural product-based drug discovery is how to translate the product into drug-like molecules with optimal pharmacological properties. The generation of natural product-inspired scaffold diversity is an effective but challenging strategy to investigate the broader chemical space and identify promising drug leads. Extending our efforts to the natural product evodiamine, a diverse library containing 11 evodiamine-inspired novel scaffolds and their derivatives were designed and synthesized. Most of them showed good to excellent antitumor activity against various human cancer cell lines. In particular, 3-chloro-10-hydroxyl thio-evodiamine (66c) showed excellent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy with good tolerability and low toxicity. Antitumor mechanism and target profiling studies indicate that compound 66c is the first-in-class triple topoisomerase I/topoisomerase II/tubulin inhibitor. Overall, this study provided an effective strategy for natural product-based drug discovery. (Figure Presented).
- Wang, Shengzheng,Fang, Kun,Dong, Guoqiang,Chen, Shuqiang,Liu, Na,Miao, Zhenyuan,Yao, Jianzhong,Li, Jian,Zhang, Wannian,Sheng, Chunquan
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p. 6678 - 6696
(2015/09/07)
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- Dual protonophore-chitinase inhibitors dramatically affect O. Volvulus molting
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The L3-stage-specific chitinase OvCHT1 has been implicated in the development of Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis. Closantel, a known anthelmintic drug, was previously discovered as a potent and specific OvCHT1 inhibitor. As closantel is also a known protonophore, we performed a simple scaffold modulation to map out the structural features that are relevant for its individual or dual biochemical roles. Furthermore, we present that either OvCHT1 inhibition or protonophoric activity was capable of affecting O. volvulus L3 molting and that the presence of both activities in a single molecule yielded more potent inhibition of the nematode's developmental process.
- Gooyit, Major,Tricoche, Nancy,Lustigman, Sara,Janda, Kim D.
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p. 5792 - 5799
(2014/08/05)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological activities of closantel analogues: Structural promiscuity and its impact on onchocerca volvulus
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Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 37 million people worldwide, primarily in Africa and Central and South America. We have disclosed evidence that the larval-stage-specific chitinase, OvCHT1, may be a potential biological target for affecting nematode development. On the basis of screening efforts, closantel, a known anthelmintic drug, was discovered as a potent and highly specific OvCHT1 inhibitor. Originally, closantel's anthelmintic mode of action was believed to rely solely on its role as a proton ionophore; thus, the impact of each of its biological activities on O. volvulus L3moltingwas investigated. Structure-activity relationship studies on an active closantel fragment are detailed, and remarkably, by use of a simple salicylanilide scaffold, compounds acting only as protonophores or chitinase inhibitors were identified. From these data, unexpected synergistic protonophore and chitinase inhibition activities have also been found to be critical for molting in O. volvulus L3 larvae.
- Garner, Amanda L.,Gloeckner, Christian,Tricoche, Nancy,Zakhari, Joseph S.,Samje, Moses,Cho-Ngwa, Fidelis,Lustigman, Sara,Janda, Kim D.
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experimental part
p. 3963 - 3972
(2011/08/05)
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- Identification of halosalicylamide derivatives as a novel class of allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase
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Halosalicylamide derivatives were identified from high-throughput screening as potent inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. The subsequent structure and activity relationship revealed the absolute requirement of the salicylamide moiety for optimum activity. Methylation of either the hydroxyl group or the amide group of the salicylamide moiety abolished the activity while the substitutions on both phenyl rings are acceptable. The halosalicylamide derivatives were shown to be non-competitive with respect to elongation nucleotide and demonstrated broad genotype activity against genotype 1-3 HCV NS5B polymerases. Inhibitor competition studies indicated an additive binding mode to the initiation pocket that is occupied by the thiadiazine class of compounds and an additive binding mode to the elongation pocket that is occupied by diketoacids, but a mutually exclusive binding mode with respect to the allosteric thumb pocket that is occupied by the benzimidazole class of inhibitors. Therefore, halosalicylamides represent a novel class of allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase.
- Liu, Yaya,Donner, Pamela L.,Pratt, John K.,Jiang, Wen W.,Ng, Teresa,Gracias, Vijaya,Baumeister, Steve,Wiedeman, Paul E.,Traphagen, Linda,Warrior, Usha,Maring, Clarence,Kati, Warren M.,Djuric, Stevan W.,Molla, Akhteruzzaman
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scheme or table
p. 3173 - 3177
(2009/04/11)
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- ANTHELMINTIC BENZO[D]ISOXAZOLYL BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention is concerned with novel anthelmintic N-benzo[d]isoxazol-6-yl-benzamide derivatives and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, compositions comprising said novel Compounds, processes for preparing said Compounds and compositions, and the use thereof as a medicine, in particular in treatment, control and prevention of endo- and ectoparasite infections in warm-blooded animals.
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Page/Page column 14
(2009/01/24)
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- Synthetic study of substituted arylsulfonylphenylbenzamides
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For the structure-activity relationship, a series of substituted arylsulfonyl-phenylbenzamides is reported.
- Gong, Denghuang,Li, Jiafeng,Yuan, Chengye,Yuan, Junying
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- Substituted salicylanilides as inhibitors of two-component regulatory systems in bacteria
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A new class of inhibitors of the two-component regulatory systems (TCS) of bacteria was discovered based on the salicylanilide screening hits, closantel (1) and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (9). A systematic SAR study versus a model TCS, KinA/Spo0F, demonstrated the importance of electron- attracting substituents in the salicyloyl ring and hydrophobic groups in the anilide moiety for optimal activity. In addition, derivatives 8 and 16, containing the 2,3-dihydroxybenzanilide structural motif, were potent inhibitors of the autophosphorylation of the KinA kinase, with IC50s of 2.8 and 6.3 μM, respectively. Compound 8 also inhibited the TCS mediating vancomycin resistance (VanS/VanR) in a genetically engineered Enterococcus faecalis cell line at concentrations subinhibitory for growth. Closantel (1), tetrachlorosalicylanilide (9), and several related derivatives (2, 7, 10, 11, 20) had antibacterial activity against the drug-resistant organisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF).
- Macielag, Mark J.,Demers, James P.,Fraga-Spano, Stephanie A.,Hlasta, Dennis J.,Johnson, Sigmond G.,Kanojia, Ramesh M.,Russell, Ronald K.,Sui, Zhihua,Weidner-Wells, Michele A.,Werblood, Harvey,Foleno, Barbara D.,Goldschmidt, Raul M.,Loeloff, Michael J.,Webb, Glenda C.,Barrett, John F.
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p. 2939 - 2945
(2007/10/03)
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