- Indazole hydrazide compound and application thereof
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The invention provides an indazole hydrazide compound as shown in a formula (I), wherein R is selected from substituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl or substituted phenyl; substituent groups in the substituted alkyl group and the substituted alkenyl group comprise phenyl and/or substituted phenyl; and R' is selected from H or alkyl. Compared with the prior art, the indole hydrazide compound provided by the invention can be used as an integrin avbeta3 receptor antagonist, has obvious anti-prostatic cancer activity, and has a significant inhibition effect on enzalutamide drug-resistant cell lines.
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Paragraph 0089; 0091; 0093
(2021/06/13)
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- URAT1 inhibitor for promoting uric acid excretion
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The invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, and in particular relates to a URT1 inhibitor for promoting uric acid excretion, which is a compound represented by the structure of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Experiments show that the compound provided by the invention has excellent inhibitory effect to hURAT1 transport uric acid in HEK293 transfectedcells and has a good application prospect in treatment of hyperuricemia or gout. The formula (I) is shown in the description.
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- PYRAZOLOPYRIDINE PYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
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In one aspect this invention relates generally to compounds of Formula: and sub-formulas thereof, or a tautomer of each thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of each of the foregoing, where X1, L1, L3, and R3 are described herein.
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Paragraph 0718; 0719
(2015/11/25)
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- Suprafenacine, an Indazole-hydrazide agent, target Cancer cells through microtubule destabilization
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Microtubules are a highly validated target in cancer therapy. However, the clinical development of tubulin binding agents (TBA) has been hampered by toxicity and chemoresistance issues and has necessitated the search for new TBAs. Here, we report the identification of a novel cell permeable, tubulin-destabilizing molecule - 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3- carboxylic acid [1p-tolyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide (termed as Suprafenacine, SRF). SRF, identified by in silico screening of annotated chemical libraries, was shown to bind microtubules at the colchicine-binding site and inhibit polymerization. This led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death via a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Cell death was preceded by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, JNK - mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bad, and activation of caspase-3.Intriguingly, SRF was found to selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and was effective against drug-resistant cancer cells by virtue of its ability to bypass the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein. Taken together, our resultssuggest that SRF has potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment and provides an alternate scaffold for the development of improved anti-cancer agents.
- Choi, Bo-Hwa,Chattopadhaya, Souvik,Thanh, Le Nguyen,Feng, Lin,Nguyen, Quoc Toan,Lim, Chuan Bian,Harikishore, Amaravadhi,Reddy, Ravi Prakash,Bharatham, Nagakumar,Zhao, Yan,Liu, Xuewei,Yoon, Ho Sup
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supporting information
(2015/02/18)
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- Cycloadditions of cyclohexynes and cyclopentyne
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We report the strategic use of cyclohexyne and the more elusive intermediate, cyclopentyne, as a tool for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds. Experimental and computational studies of a 3-substituted cyclohexyne are also described. The observed regioselectivities are explained by the distortion/interaction model.
- Medina, Jose M.,McMahon, Travis C.,Jimnez-Oss, Gonzalo,Houk,Garg, Neil K.
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supporting information
p. 14706 - 14709
(2014/12/11)
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- Property- and structure-guided discovery of a tetrahydroindazole series of interleukin-2 inducible t-cell kinase inhibitors
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Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays a major role in T-cell signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR), and considerable efforts have been directed toward discovery of ITK-selective inhibitors as potential treatments of inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Using a previously disclosed indazole series of inhibitors as a starting point, and using X-ray crystallography and solubility forecast index (SFI) as guides, we evolved a series of tetrahydroindazole inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity, and pharmaceutical properties. Highlights include identification of a selectivity pocket above the ligand plane, and identification of appropriate lipophilic substituents to occupy this space. This effort culminated in identification of a potent and selective ITK inhibitor (GNE-9822) with good ADME properties in preclinical species.
- Burch, Jason D.,Lau, Kevin,Barker, John J.,Brookfield, Fred,Chen, Yong,Chen, Yuan,Eigenbrot, Charles,Ellebrandt, Claire,Ismaili, M. Hicham A.,Johnson, Adam,Kordt, Daniel,Mackinnon, Colin H.,McEwan, Paul A.,Ortwine, Daniel F.,Stein, Daniel B.,Wang, Xiaolu,Winkler, Dirk,Yuen, Po-Wai,Zhang, Yamin,Zarrin, Ali A.,Pei, Zhonghua
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p. 5714 - 5727
(2014/08/05)
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- TUBULIN INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to a compound of Formula (I) for use as a medicament, wherein: m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; R1 and R2 together form a five-membered, six-membered, or seven-membered ring, wherein R1 and R2 together as a group is -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4 -, or -(CH2)5-; R3 at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl; and R4 is H, halogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl
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Paragraph 00220; 00221
(2013/11/18)
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- Highly regioselective organocatalyzed synthesis of pyrazoles from diazoacetates and carbonyl compounds
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A general, organocatalytic inverse-electron-demand [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between a range of carbonyl compounds and diazoacetates has been developed. This reaction is catalyzed by secondary amines as a "green promoter" to generate substituted pyrazoles with high levels of regioselectivity. It is noteworthy that this [3+2] cycloaddition reaction proceeds efficiently at room temperature with a simple and inexpensive catalyst. Considering the large variety and ready availability of the starting materials (e.g. ketones, β-ketoesters, β-diketones, and aldehydes), as well as the operational simplicity of this process, a convenient, practical, and highly modular pyrazole synthesis has been developed. We believe that this work will arouse more research interest in the organocatalytic synthesis of other biologically active heterocycles. Such studies are currently underway in our laboratory. Dipoles apart: In situ formed enamines react with diazoacetates under mild conditions to afford the corresponding polysubstituted pyrazoles in good-to-excellent yields through an inverse-electron-demand 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process (see scheme). Copyright
- Wang, Lei,Huang, Jiayao,Gong, Xiaojie,Wang, Jian
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supporting information
p. 7555 - 7560
(2013/07/05)
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- Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Pharmacophore Modeling Studies of Pyrazole-3-Carbohydrazone Derivatives as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and a major challenge to healthcare systems around the world. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), a serine protease, has been rapidly emerging as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment for T2DM. In this study, a series of novel DPP-4 inhibitors, featuring the pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone scaffold, have been discovered using an integrated approach of structure-based virtual screening, chemical synthesis, and bioassay. Virtual screening of SPECS Database, followed by enzymatic activity assay, resulted in five micromolar or low-to-mid-micromolar inhibitory level compounds (1-5) with different scaffold. Compound 1 was selected for the further structure modifications in considering inhibitory activity, structural variability, and synthetic accessibility. Seventeen new compounds were synthesized and tested with biological assays. Nine compounds (6e, 6g, 6k-l, and 7a-e) were found to show inhibitory effects against DPP-4. Molecular docking models give rational explanation about structure-activity relationships. Based on eight DPP-4 inhibitors (1-5, 6e, 6k, and 7d), the best pharmacophore model hypo1 was obtained, consisting of one hydrogen bond donor (HBD), one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and two hydrophobic (HY) features. Both docking models and pharmacophore mapping results are in agreement with pharmacological results. The present studies give some guiding information for further structural optimization and are helpful for future DPP-4 inhibitors design.
- Wu, Deyan,Jin, Fangfang,Lu, Weiqiang,Zhu, Jin,Li, Cui,Wang, Wei,Tang, Yun,Jiang, Hualiang,Huang, Jin,Liu, Guixia,Li, Jian
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experimental part
p. 897 - 906
(2012/07/27)
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- Synthesis of pyrazole-3-carboxylates and pyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylates by one-pot cyclization of hydrazone dianions with diethyl oxalate
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The one-pot cyclization of hydrazone dianions with diethyl oxalate allows a convenient synthesis of pyrazole-3-carboxylates and pyrazole-1,5-dicarboxylates.
- Dang, Tung T.,Dang, Tuan T.,Fischer, Christine,G?rls, Helmar,Langer, Peter
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p. 2207 - 2215
(2008/09/18)
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- Agonist lead identification for the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109a
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A strategy for lead identification of new agonists of GPR109a, starting from known compounds shown to activate the receptor, is described. Early compound triage led to the formulation of a binding hypothesis and eventually to our focus on a series of pyrazole acid derivatives. Further elaboration of these compounds provided a series of 5,5-fused pyrazoles to be used as lead compounds for further optimization.
- Gharbaoui, Tawfik,Skinner, Philip J.,Shin, Young-Jun,Averbuj, Claudia,Jung, Jae-Kyu,Johnson, Benjamin R.,Duong, Tracy,Decaire, Marc,Uy, Jane,Cherrier, Martin C.,Webb, Peter J.,Tamura, Susan Y.,Zou, Ning,Rodriguez, Nathalie,Boatman, P. Douglas,Sage, Carleton R.,Lindstrom, Andrew,Xu, Jerry,Schrader, Thomas O.,Smith, Brian M.,Chen, Ruoping,Richman, Jeremy G.,Connolly, Daniel T.,Colletti, Steven L.,Tata, James R.,Semple, Graeme
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p. 4914 - 4919
(2008/02/12)
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- One-pot synthesis of pyrazole-5-carboxylates by cyclization of hydrazone 1,4-dianions with diethyl oxalate
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The cyclization of hydrazone dianions with diethyl oxalate afforded pyrazole-5-carboxylates.
- Dang, Tuan Thanh,Dang, Tung Thanh,Langer, Peter
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p. 3591 - 3593
(2008/02/02)
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- Pyrazole derivatives as partial agonists for the nicotinic acid receptor
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Nicotinic acid as a hypolipidemic agent appears unique due to its potential to increase HDL cholesterol levels to a greater extent than other drugs. However, it has some side effects, among which severe skin flushing is the most frequent and often limits patients' compliance. In a search for novel agonists for the recently identified and cloned G protein-coupled nicotinic acid receptor, we synthesized a series of substituted pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids that proved to have substantial affinity for this receptor. The affinities were measured by inhibition of [3H] nicotinic acid binding to rat spleen membranes. Potencies and intrinsic activities relative to nicotinic acid were determined by their effects on [35S]GTPγS binding to rat adipocyte and spleen membranes. Interestingly, most compounds were partial agonists. In particular, 2-diazabicyclo-[3,3,O 4,8]octa-3,8-diene-3-carboxylic acid (4c) and 5-propylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (4f) proved active with Ki values of approximately 0.15 μM and EC50 values of approximately 6 μM, while their intrinsic activity was only ~50% when compared to nicotinic acid. Even slightly more active was 5-butylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (4g) with a Ki value of 0.072 μM, an EC50 value of 4.12 μM, and a relative intrinsic activity of 75%. Of the aralkyl derivatives, 4q (5-(3-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid) was the most active with a relatively low intrinsic activity of 39%. Partial agonism of the pyrazole derivatives was confirmed by inhibition of G protein activation in response to nicotinic acid by these compounds. The pyrazoles both inhibited the maximum effect elicited by 100 μM nicotinic acid and concentration dependently shifted nicotinic acid concentration-response curves to the right, pointing to a competive mechanism of action.
- Van Herk,Brussee,Van den Nieuwendijk,Van der Klein,IJzerman,Stannek,Burmeister,Lorenzen
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p. 3945 - 3951
(2007/10/03)
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- The reaction of α-diazo-β-hydroxy esters with boron trifluoride etherate: Generation and rearrangement of destabilized vinyl cations. A detailed experimental and theoretical study
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Cyclic ethyl 2-diazo-3-hydroxy carboxylates were prepared by treating ethyl diazoacetate with LDA followed by reaction with a series of cyclic ketones. Further treatment of these α-diazo-β-hydroxy esters with boron trifluoride etherate in various solvents affords an unusual array of products. Product types and ratios were found to be strongly dependent on ring size and the solvent used. The reaction proceeds by Lewis acid complexation of the alcohol functionality of the diazo hydroxy ester with BF3 etherate followed by neighboring-group participation of the diazo moiety to generate a cycloalkylidene diazonium salt. Loss of nitrogen produces a highly reactive, destabilized, linear vinyl cation. Ring expansion via a 1,2-methylene shift leads to the formation of a more stable, bent cycloalkenyl vinyl cation. A subsequent 1,2-methylene shift results in ring contraction ultimately leading to a stable allylic cation. This cation is either trapped by the solvent or else undergoes cyclization with the adjacent ester group to give a lactone. Computational studies at the 6-31G* level were performed to determine the geometry of the optimized vinyl cations. Relative energies suggest a moderate energy gain for isomerization of the initial vinyl cation V1 to the rearranged vinyl cation V2 followed by a large stabilization in energy for subsequent conversion to the allyl cation A1. Compared with isolated product distributions, the energy profiles suggest kinetically-controlled V1 → V2 → A1 migrations. Finally, the calculations suggest that in diethyl ether the carbocations may be coordinated to a molecule of solvent resulting in "protected" cationic intermediates with nonlinear geometries.
- Pellicciari, Roberto,Natalini, Benedetto,Sadeghpour, Bahman M.,Marinozzi, Maura,Snyder, James P.,Williamson, Bobby L.,Kuethe, Jeffrey T.,Padwa, Albert
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- One-pot synthesis of 3(5)-ethoxycarbonylpyrazoles
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A one-pot synthesis of ethoxycarbonylpyrazoles 2a-e, by the cyclocondensation of β-alkoxyvinyl trichloromethyl ketones 1a-e with hydrazine hydrochloride under mild conditions, is reported. A study using compounds 1a-e with different substituents proved that these are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives, having a 3(5)-ethoxycarbonyl substituent, in good yields (70-91%).
- Martins,Freitag,Flores,Zanatta
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p. 1491 - 1492
(2007/10/02)
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- Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds with Ethyl Lithiodiazoacetate. Studies Dealing with the Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Behavior of the Resulting Adducts
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The carbenoid intermediate derived by treating ethyl 2-diazo-4-phthalimidobutyrate with rhodium(II) octanoate undergoes transannular cyclization onto the adjacent imido carbonyl group.The resulting cyclic carbonyl ylide diploe was trapped with several dipolarophiles.In an attempt to prepare related substrates for cyclization studies, the reaction of ethyl lithiodiazoacetate with various aldehydes and ketones was studied.Treatment of the α-diazo-β-hydroxy ester derived from acetone or cyclopentanone with rhodium(II) octanoate gave rise to a β-keto ester.The exclusive phenyl shift encountered with acetophenone is in keeping with migration to an electron-deficient center.The reaction works well with acrolein, leading to high yields of 3-oxo-4-pentenoate.The 1,2-hydrogen shift pathway was found to proceed much faster than intramolecular cyclopropanation.Dehydration of the α-diazo-β-hydroxy esters generates vinyl diazo esters, which readily cyclize to 1H-pyrazoles on thermolysis.
- Padwa, Albert,Kulkarni, Yashwant S.,Zhang, Zhijia
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p. 4144 - 4153
(2007/10/02)
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