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Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Intramolecular 1,1-Oxyamination of Alkenes with Protected Amino Acids to Produce Oxazoloisoindole-2,5-diones
It has been established that an electron-deficient bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-substituted cyclopentadienyl (CpE) rhodium(III) complex catalyzes the oxidative intramolecular 1,1-oxyamination of alkenes with N-benzoyl amino acids to produce oxazoloisoindole-2,5-diones. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies revealed that this oxidative 1,1-oxyamination proceeds via not the aza-Wacker reaction but the formation of a rhoda(III)oxazolidine initiated by the carboxylic acid-directed N?H bond cleavage.
Takahashi, Hiroto,Nagashima, Yuki,Tanaka, Ken
supporting information
p. 1891 - 1895
(2021/04/05)

Bisthioureas of pimelic acid and 4-methylsalicylic acid derivatives as selective inhibitors of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP): Synthesis and molecular docking studies
Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are membrane bound metalloenzymes, distributed all over the body. Recent studies have revealed that by targeting ALPs can lead towards the treatment of many deadliest diseases including cardiac, cancerous and brain diseases. Thioureas and their derivatives are of considerable significance and are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. They show a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants etc. On the other hand, salicylic acid and its derivatives are known for its broad spectrum of activities. The work presented comprises of synthesis of N-acyl-N'-aryl substituted bisthioureas of pimelic acid (1–7) and 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole (11), 1-aroyl-3-aryl thiourea (12) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (13) derivatives of 4-methyl salicylic acid. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their alkaline phosphatases inhibition potential and exhibited high potency as well as selectivity towards h-TNAP and h-IAP. Compound 7 and 12 which were the bisthiourea derivative of pimmelic acid and thiourea derivative of 4-methyl salicylic acid, respectively, showed excellent selectivity against h-TNAP and h-IAP, respectively.
Iqbal, Jamshed,Mahmood, Abid,Mumtaz, Amara,Pelletier, Julie,Sévigny, Jean,Saeed, Aamer,Saeed, Kiran,Zaib, Sumera
(2020/06/26)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5,6,7-trimethoxy flavonoid salicylate derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents
5,6,7-Trimethoxy flavonoid salicylate derivatives were designed by the joining of three important pharmacophores (TMP, flavonoid, and SA) according to the combination principle. A series of novel trimethoxy flavonoid salicylate derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro anti-tumor activities were evaluated. Among these derivatives, compound 7f exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against HGC-27 cells and MGC-803 cells with IC50 values of 10.26 ± 6.94 μM and 17.17 ± 3.03 μM, respectively. Subsequently, the effects on cell colony formation (clonogenic survival assay), cell migration (wound healing assay), cell cycle distribution (PI staining assay), cell apoptosis (Hoechst 33258 staining assay and annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining assay), lactate level (lactate measurement), microtubules disarrangement (immunofluorescence staining analysis) and docking posture (molecular docking simulation) were determined. Further western blot analysis confirmed that compound 7f could effectively down-regulate the expression of glycolysis-related proteins HIF-1α, PFKM and PKM2 and tumor angiogenesis-related proteins VEGF. Overall, these studies suggested that compound 7f, as the representative compound of those, might be a promising candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer and deserved the further studies.
Deng, Xiangping,Feng, Wanshi,Lei, Xiaoyong,Liu, Renbo,Peng, Yijiao,Tang, Guotao,Xie, Zhizhong,Xiong, Runde,Zheng, Xing,Zou, Yang
(2020/02/13)

POLYCYCLIC AMIDES AS MUSCARINIC M1 RECEPTOR POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or their isotopic forms, stereoisomers, tautomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salt (s) thereof as muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulators (M1 PAMs). The present invention describes the preparation, pharmaceutical composition and the use of compound formula (I).
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Page/Page column 22

(2019/05/15)

π-Expanded Thioxanthones – Engineering the Triplet Level of Thioxanthone Sensitizers for Lanthanide-Based Luminescent Probes with Visible Excitation
Bright lanthanide based probes for optical bioimaging must rely on the antenna principle, where the lanthanide-centred excited state is formed by a complex sensitization process. Efficient sensitization of lanthanide-centred emission occurs via triplet states centred on the sensitizing chromophore. Here, the triplet state of thioxanthone chromophores is modulated by extending the π-system. Three thioxanthone chromophores-thioxanthone, benzo[c]thioxanthone, and naphtho[2,3-c]thioxanthone were synthesised and characterised. The triplet state energies and lifetimes is found to change as expected, and two dyes are found to be suitable sensitizers for europium(iii) luminescence. Reactive derivatives of thioxanthone and benzo[c]thioxanthone were prepared and coupled to a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) lanthanide binding pocket. The photophysics and the performance in optical bioimaging of the resulting europium(iii) complexes were investigated. It is concluded that while the energetics favour efficient sensitization, the solution structure does not. While it was found that the complexes are too lipophilic to be efficient luminescent probes for optical bioimaging, we successfully demonstrated bioimaging using europium(iii) luminescence following 405 nm excitation.
Dansholm, Charlotte Nybro,Junker, Anne Kathrine R.,Nielsen, Lea G.,Kofod, Nicolaj,Pal, Robert,S?rensen, Thomas Just
p. 1778 - 1788
(2019/07/15)

Design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy flavonoid salicylate derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents
According to the pharmacophore combination principle, a set of new 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy flavonoid salicylate derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activity. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that compound 10v exhibited higher potency than 5-Fu against HCT-116 cells. Preliminary biological activity studies showed that compound 10v could inhibit the colony formation and migration of HCT-116 cells. Besides, the Hoechst 33258 staining assay and flow cytometry revealed that treatment with compound 10v induced the apoptosis of HCT-116 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, while it had no effect on their cell cycle. The WB analysis suggested that HIF-1α, tubulin, HK-2, and PFK might be the potential pharmacophore targets of compound 10v. Tubulin was a potential drug target for compound 10v, which was explained by analyzing the crystal structure of compound 10v complexed with tubulin. These results indicated that compound 10v might be a promising anti-tumor agent candidate, deserving further optimization and evaluation.
Deng, Xiangping,Liu, Renbo,Li, Junjian,Li, Zhongli,Liu, Juan,Xiong, Runde,Lei, Xiaoyong,Zheng, Xing,Xie, Zhizhong,Tang, Guotao
p. 1874 - 1884
(2019/01/28)

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Benzofuran-3(2H)-ones
A new method for the synthesis of benzofuran-3(2H)-ones under microwave conditions was developed. The reaction conditions were screened, and the scope of benzoate substrates was investigated. The results showed that our method could provide rapid access to these important dihydrobenzofuranones in 43% to 58% yields.
Hu, Xiaojing,Lai, Huimin,Zhao, Fangfei,Hu, Shuyu,Sun, Qianqian,Fang, Lizhen
p. 745 - 750
(2019/10/14)

C-GLUCOSIDE DERIVATIVE CONTAINING FUSED PHENYL RING OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING SAME
The present disclosure relates to C-glycoside derivatives having a fused phenyl ring or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, a method for preparing the same, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a use thereof and a method for dual inhibition of SGLT1 and SGLT2 using the same. A novel compound of the present disclosure has a dual inhibitory activity against SGLT1 and SGLT2, thus being valuably used as a diabetes therapeutic agent.
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Paragraph 0237-0238

(2018/12/04)

Antifungal activity of cinnamic acid and benzoic acid esters against Candida albicans strains
Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of provoking infection in humans. In the present study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of 23 ester derivatives of the cinnamic and benzoic acids against 3 C. albicans strains (ATCC-76645, LM-106 and LM-23), as well as discuss their Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR). The antifungal assay results revealed that the screened compounds exhibited different levels of activity depending on structural variation. Among the ester analogues, methyl caffeate (5) and methyl 2-nitrocinnamate (10) were the analogues that presented the best antifungal effect against all C. albicans strains, presenting the same MIC values (MIC?=?128?μg/mL), followed by methyl biphenyl-2-carboxylate (21) (MIC?=?128, 128 and 256?μg/mL for C. albicans LM-106, LM-23, and ATCC-76645, respectively). Our results suggest that certain molecular characteristics are important for the antifungal action.
Lima, Tamires C.,Ferreira, Alana R.,Silva, Daniele F.,Lima, Edeltrudes O.,de Sousa, Dami?o P.
p. 572 - 575
(2017/09/30)

Synthesis technology of C-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor
The invention belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical synthesis and especially relates to a synthesis technology of a C-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor. Starting from cheap raw materials 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 2-methoxyphenylpropionic acid, acid chloride is prepared by using thionyl chloride, and a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is carried out under the catalysis of aluminium trichloride soas to obtain a coupled product; then, pyridine hydrobromide and sodium chloride are used to react at 160 DEG C for 30 minutes to complete the demethylation for synthesis of lactonic ring by one step,and the product can be directly used in the next reaction without purification; the cyclopentyl group is introduced by nucleophilic substitution; the lactone ring is opened to form methyl ester; afterpurification, a benzoisoxazolyl group is introduced by nucleophilic substitution, and a protecting group is taken off to prepare the final product T5224. The route of the invention is short, and onlythe Friedel-Crafts acylation, lactone ring opening and introduction of the benzoisoxazolyl group require the step of purification. The cost of the raw materials is low, and the reaction time of the process route is short. The synthesis technology is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0071; 0072; 0073; 0074; 0075; 0076

(2019/01/08)

MODIFIED COMPOUND OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE
The present disclosure discloses a modified compound of andrographolide, and particularly discloses a compound shown in formula (I) and (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Paragraph 0206-0208

(2019/01/04)

Design and synthesis of ruthenium bipyridine catalyst: An approach towards low-cost hydroxylation of arenes and heteroarenes
Two new ruthenium bipyridine complexes were designed and synthesized for intermolecular Csp2-H hydroxylation. An environmentally begin and inexpensive oxidant was employed as an oxygen source thereby enhancing its applicability and resulting in the remarkable increase of yield. In the catalytic process a ruthenium (IV) cationic complex is formed which enables the regioselective C–O bonds formation and also proves to be tolerant to a broad substrate scope. Activation of C–H bonds adjacent to removable and non-removable directing groups have been explored efficiently.
Shome, Sanchari,Singh, Surya Prakash
supporting information
p. 3743 - 3746
(2017/09/01)

Chromatography-free, Mitsunobu-triggered heterocyclizations of salicylhydroxamic acids to 3-hydroxybenzisoxazoles
The Mitsunobu reaction has become one of the most powerful tools to alkylate acidic pronucleophiles. A significant caveat of Mitsunobu chemistry, however, is that the reaction mixture is often plagued with purification problems owing to the phosphine oxide and hydrazine dicarboxylate by-products. In addition to the development of more readily separable Mitsunobu reagents, the product's physicochemical properties may be exploited to facilitate purification. In this regard, we present a swift and efficient preparation of 3-hydroxybenzisoxazoles by the Mitsunobu-triggered heterocyclizations of salicylhydroxamic acids, which can be isolated by an acid–base work-up. As expected, a range of functional groups was compatible with the chemistry.
Van Eker, Daniel,Chauhan, Jay,Murphy, William A.,Conlon, Ivie L.,Fletcher, Steven
p. 5301 - 5303
(2016/11/16)

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS
This invention relates to compounds that inhibit or modulate the activity of Chk-1 kinase. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the therapeutic uses of the compounds.
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Page/Page column 92; 138

(2015/09/23)

Electronic effects on the substitution reactions of benzhydrols and fluorenyl alcohols. Determination of mechanism and effects of antiaromaticity
A range of substituted benzhydrols and fluorenols were prepared and subjected to acid catalysed methanolysis. Analysis of the rates of each of these processes showed correlation with Hammett σ+ parameters as is consistent with the significant build-up of positive charge adjacent to the ring. In combination with the similarity of the electronic susceptibility of the processes, these data suggest that both reactions proceed through a unimolecular rate-determining step. This shows that the effect of fusion of the phenyl systems (and hence potentially introducing an antiaromatic carbocation intermediate) is only to slow the rate of reaction rather than change the mechanism of the process.
George, Stephen R. D.,Elton, Timothy E.,Harper, Jason B.
supporting information
p. 10745 - 10750
(2015/11/17)

Liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles via boronic ester prodrug formulation for improved therapeutic efficacy in vivo
In this study, we describe the development of liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles, which was accomplished by synthesizing bortezomib prodrugs with reversible boronic ester bonds and then incorporating the resulting prodrugs into the nanoparticles via surface conjugation. Initially, several prodrug candidates were screened based upon boronic ester stability using isobutylboronic acid as a model boronic acid compound. The two most stable candidates were then selected to create surface conjugated bortezomib prodrugs on the liposomes. Our strategy yielded stable liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles with a narrow size range of 100 nm and with high reproducibility. These liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles demonstrated significant proteasome inhibition and cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro and remarkable tumor growth inhibition with reduced systemic toxicity compared to free bortezomib in vivo. Taken together, this study demonstrates the incorporation of bortezomib into liposomal nanoparticles via reversible boronic ester bond formation to enhance the therapeutic index for improved patient outcome.
Ashley, Jonathan D.,Stefanick, Jared F.,Schroeder, Valerie A.,Suckow, Mark A.,Kiziltepe, Tanyel,Bilgicer, Basar
p. 5282 - 5292
(2014/07/08)

NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions and method of using the compositions, wherein the compositions comprise liposomes or micelles that contain one or more targeting peptides and/or anticancer drugs. In various embodiments, the components of the liposomes can include a) a phospholipid and optionally a lipid that is not a phospholipid; b) a pegylated lipid; c) a peptide-ethylene glycol (EG)-lipid conjugate wherein the peptide is a targeting ligand, and d) one or more drug-conjugated lipid, encapsulated drugs, or a combination thereof. The peptide- EG-lipid conjugate can be, for example, a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II). The ethylene glycol (EG) segments of the peptide-EG-lipid conjugate can be, for example, EG6 to about EG36; and the EG segment can be conjugated to one or more lysine moieties.
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Page/Page column 44; 45

(2014/08/19)

Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of 2-(benzylthio)-5-aryloxadiazole derivatives as anti-tumor agents
A series of 2-(benzylthio)-5-aryloxadiazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized, and their biological activities are also evaluated for EGFR inhibitory activity. Fourteen compounds among the twenty compounds are reported for the first time. Their chemical structures are characterized by 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Anti-proliferative and EGFR inhibition assay results have demonstrated that compound 3e shows the most potent biological activity (IC50 = 1.09 μM for MCF-7 and IC50 = 1.51 μM for EGFR). Docking simulation has been performed to position compound 3e into the EGFR active site to determine the probable binding model, with an estimated binding free energy value of -10.7 kcal/mol. Compound 3e with potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth inhibition may be a promising anti-tumor leading compound for the further research.
Liu, Kai,Lu, Xiang,Zhang, Hong-Jia,Sun, Juan,Zhu, Hai-Liang
scheme or table
p. 473 - 478
(2012/03/13)

2 - (BENZYLOXY) BENZAMIDES AS LRRK2 KINASE INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to novel compounds that inhibit LRRK2 kinase activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases characterised by LRRK2 kinase activity, for example Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease.
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Page/Page column 27

(2012/03/26)

Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular decarboxylative coupling of arene carboxylic acids/esters with aryl bromides
Give me a ring? An efficient approach has been developed for the intramolecular decarboxylative coupling of arene carboxylic acids/esters with aryl bromides catalyzed by palladium (see scheme). From a synthetic viewpoint, this method is highly attractive because the catalyst loading is low, the optimized reaction conditions are mild, and the substrate scope is broad. Copyright
Shen, Zengming,Ni, Zhenjie,Mo, Song,Wang, Jing,Zhu, Yamin
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4859 - 4865
(2012/06/04)

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1-phenylethanone derivatives
In present study, a series of new 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1- phenylethanone derivatives (6a-6x) as potential focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors were synthesized. The bioassay assays demonstrated that compound 6i showed the most potent activity, which inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and A431 cell lines with IC50 values of 140 ± 10 nM and 10 ± 1 nM, respectively. Compound 6i also exhibited significant FAK inhibitory activity (IC50 = 20 ± 1 nM). Docking simulation was performed to position compound 6i into the active site of FAK to determine the probable binding model.
Zhang, Li-Rong,Liu, Zhi-Jun,Zhang, Hui,Sun, Jian,Luo, Yin,Zhao, Ting-Ting,Gong, Hai-Bin,Zhu, Hai-Liang
scheme or table
p. 3615 - 3621
(2012/07/27)

Synthesis of new tripodal hydroxybenzoic esters and their reaction with tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine under high pressure conditions
The new simple method of synthesis of tripodal esters, building blocks for monomacrocyclic pendant macrocycles and bicyclic cryptands is reported. Six new tripodal esters, derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids were prepared and characterized, and their reaction with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine carried under high pressure conditions was studied using Electrospray Ion Mass Spectrometry.
Ceborska, Magdalena,Jurczak, Janusz
body text
p. 114 - 117
(2012/07/28)

TRIOXACARCINS AND USES THEREOF
The present invention relates to trioxacarcin compounds of the formula: (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable forms thereof; wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are as defined herein. The present invention also provides processes for preparing such compounds and intermediates thereto; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; and methods of use and treatment.
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Page/Page column 117-118

(2011/10/13)

A multiply convergent platform for the synthesis of trioxacarcins
Many first-line cancer drugs are natural products or are derived from them by chemical modification. The trioxacarcins are an emerging class of molecules of microbial origin with potent antiproliferative effects, which may derive from their ability to covalently modify duplex DNA. All trioxacarcins appear to be derivatives of a nonglycosylated natural product known as DC-45-A2. To explore the potential of the trioxacarcins for the development of smallmolecule drugs and probes, we have designed a synthetic strategy toward the trioxacarcin scaffold that enables access to both the natural trioxacarcins and nonnatural structural variants. Here, we report a synthetic route to DC-45-A2 froma differentially protected precursor, which in turn is assembled in just six steps from three components of similar structural complexity. The brevity of the sequence arises from strict adherence to a plan in which strategic bond-pair constructions are staged at or near the end of the synthetic route.
Svenda, Jakub,Hill, Nicholas,Myers, Andrew G.
scheme or table
p. 6709 - 6714
(2012/03/26)

Benzimidazolones: A new class of selective peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulators
A series of benzimidazolone carboxylic acids and oxazolidinediones were designed and synthesized in search of selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγMs) as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with improved safety profiles relative to rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, the currently marketed PPARγ full agonist drugs. Structure-activity relationships of these potent and highly selective SPPARγMs were studied with a focus on their unique profiles as partial agonists or modulators. A variety of methods, such as X-ray crystallographic analysis, PPARγ transactivation coactivator profiling, gene expression profiling, and mutagenesis studies, were employed to reveal the differential interactions of these new analogues with PPARγ receptor in comparison to full agonists. In rodent models of T2DM, benzimidazolone analogues such as (5R)-5-(3-{[3-(5-methoxybenzisoxazol-3-yl)benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl}phenyl) -5-methylox-azolidinedione (51) demonstrated efficacy equivalent to that of rosiglitazone. Side effects, such as fluid retention and heart weight gain associated with PPARγ full agonists, were diminished with 51 in comparison to rosiglitazone based on studies in two independent animal models. (Figure presented)
Liu, Weiguo,Lau, Fiona,Liu, Kun,Wood, Harold B.,Zhou, Gaochao,Chen, Yuli,Li, Ying,Akiyama, Taro E.,Castriota, Gino,Einstein, Monica,Wang, Chualin,McCann, Margaret E.,Doebber, Thomas W.,Wu, Margaret,Chang, Ching H.,McNamara, Lesley,McKeever, Brian,Mosley, Ralph T.,Berger, Joel P.,Meinke, Peter T.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 8541 - 8554
(2012/02/04)

THIENO [2, 3-B] PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS VIRAL REPLICATION INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to a series of compounds of formula (A) having antiviral activity, more specifically HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) replication inhibiting properties. The invention also relates to methods for the preparation of such compounds, as well as to novel intermediates useful in one or more steps of such syntheses. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of such compounds as active ingredients. This invention further relates to the use of such compounds as medicines or in the manufacture of a medicament useful for the treatment of animals suffering from viral infections, in particular HIV infection. This invention further relates to methods for the treatment of viral infections in animals by the administration of a therapeutical amount of such compounds, optionally combined with one or more other drugs having anti-viral activity.
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Page/Page column 132-133

(2010/12/17)

Structure based optimization of chromen-based TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors on S1′ pocket and their quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study
A series of coumarin based TACE inhibitors were designed to bind in S1′ pocket of TACE enzyme based on their docking study. Twelve analogues were synthesized and most of compounds were active in vitro TACE enzyme inhibition as well as cellular TNF-α inhibition. Among these, 15l effectively inhibited the production of serum TNF-α by oral administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Compound 15l also showed a good oral bioavailability at 42% and effectively inhibited paw edema in rat carrageenan model. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study using genetic function approximation technique (GFA) and docking study were performed to confirm the series of coumarin core TACE inhibitors. QSAR model have been evaluated internally and externally using test set prediction. Through docking study of each molecule, it is validated that the electrostatic descriptors from the QSAR equation could explain the importance of S1′ pocket and the TACE inhibitory activity well.
Yang, Jee Sun,Chun, Kwangwoo,Park, Jung Eun,Cho, Misun,Seo, Jeongjea,Song, Doona,Yoon, Hongchul,Park, Chun-Ho,Joe, Bo-Young,Choi, Jong-Hee,Kim, Myung-Hwa,Han, Gyoonhee
experimental part
p. 8618 - 8629
(2011/02/25)

Leaving group assistance in the La3+-catalyzed cleavage of dimethyl (o-methoxycarbonyl)aryl phosphate triesters in methanol
The catalytic methanolysis of a series of dimethyl aryl phosphate triesters where the aryl groups contain an o-methoxycarbonyl (o-CO2Me) substituent (4a-i) was studied at 25°C in methanol containing La 3+ at various concentrations and sspH. Determination of the second-order rate constant for La3+ 2-catalyzed cleavage of substrate 4a (dimethyl (o-methoxycarbonyl) phenyl phosphate) as a function of sspH was assessed in terms of a speciation diagram that showed that the process was catalyzed by La3+ 2(-OCH3)x dimers, where x = 1-5, that exhibit only a 5-fold difference in activity between all the species. The second-order catalytic rate constants (k2La) for the catalyzed methanolysis of 4a-i at sspH 8.7 fit a Bronsted relationship of log k2La= (-0.82 ± 0.11)sspKalg + (11.61 ± 1.48), where the gradient is shallower than that determined for a series of dimethyl aryl phosphates that do not contain the o-CO2Me substituent, log k2La = (-1.25 ± 0.06)s spKalg + (16.23 ± 0.75). Two main observations are that (1) the o-CO2Me group preferentially accelerates the cleavage of the phosphate triesters with poor leaving groups relative to those with good leaving groups and (2) it provides an increase in cleavage rate relative to those of comparable substrates that do not have that functional group, e.g., k2La(dimethyl o-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl phosphate)/k2La(dimethyl phenyl phosphate) = 60. Activation parameters for the La3+2-catalyzed methanolysis of 4a and dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate show respective ΔH? (ΔS?) values of 3.3 kcal/mol (-47 cal/mol·K) and 0.7 kcal/mol (-46.5 cal/mol·K). The data are analyzed in terms of a concerted reaction where the catalytic complex (La3+2( -OCH3)x-1) binds to the three components of a rather loose transition state composed of a nucleophile CH3O -, a nucleofuge -OAr, and a central (RO)2P 2+-O- in a way that provides leaving group assistance to the departing aryloxy group.
Edwards, David R.,Liu, C. Tony,Garrett, Graham E.,Neverov, Alexei A.,Brown, R. Stan
supporting information; experimental part
p. 13738 - 13748
(2010/01/06)

MACROCYCLIC COMPOUND
The present invention provides a novel class of compounds that have the activity of inhibiting HSP90 enzyme and are useful as anti-cancer agents or such, and compounds that are useful as synthetic intermediates thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides compounds represented by the following formula (1), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, L1, L2, and L3 are as defined in the specification.
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Page/Page column 36

(2009/12/05)

Dissociative solvolytic cleavage of methyl (ortho-Carboxymethyl)Aryl phosphate diesters mediated by Yb3+ in methanol gives a 10 12-fold rate acceleration attributable to leaving group assistance
The Yb3+-catalyzed cleavage of a series of eight methyl aryl phosphates (2a-h) where the aryl groups all contain an ortho-methoxycarbonyl group was studied in acidic methanol from 1.34 ≤ spHs ≤ 3.34 at 25 °C. All substrates show saturation binding of the metal ion that is analyzed to provide a conditional binding constant (K)b for a 1:1 substrate/Yb3+ complex and catalytic rate constant (A cat) that varies between about 2 × 10-3 and 50 × 10-3 s-1 overthe range of substrates. Detailed analysis indicates that at very low c oncentration of Yb3+, 3 equiv of substrate are bound, and with increasing [Yb3+], the binding changes to a 1:1 complex which decomposes by a pathway independent of spHs over the range investigated. Control studies show that substrates without the o-methoxycarbonyl group still bind to the Yb 3+ with approximately the same strength as do the o-methoxycarbonyl containing substrates but have no observable reaction when bound. A Jaffe plot of the kcat vs substituent ?-values indicates that, during the catalyzed reactions of 2a-h, the phenoxy-O and C(O)OCH3 groups accommodate negative and positive charge respectively, the p phosphate and p c(o)OMe values being (1.84 ±0.11) and ( 0.85 ±0.14). For all these substrates, the final reaction products are dimethyl phosphate and the Yb3+ complex of the phenoxide. A study of the binding of the parent phenols to Yb3+ indicates that log(Kbind) = (0.84 ± 0.06)sspKa+ (3.4 ± 0.9), r2 = 0.9664 for phenols containing the o-methoxycarbonyl group; for those lacking that substituent log(Kb ind) = (0.96 ± 0.04)s spKa- (1.73 ± 0.4), (r2 = 0.99). For the catalyzed reacti on the βlg = -0.48, while the βeq = -0.95, leading to a Leffler parameter of α = 0.51. A mechanism is presented for the catalyzed reaction which is highly dissociative, having a transition state where the Yb3+ translocates during the cleavage reaction to assist the leaving group's departure with weak nucleophilic assistance by the solvent methanol. A comparison of the catalyzed rate of reaction with a computed rate of reaction attributable to solvent alone indicates that Yb3+ provides leaving group assistance on the order of 1012-fold, stabilizing the transition state for cleavage by some 16 kcal/mol.
Edwards, David R.,Neverov, Alexei A.,Brown, R. Stan
supporting information; experimental part
p. 368 - 377
(2009/06/28)

Enzyme-catalysed synthesis and reactions of benzene oxide/oxepine derivatives of methyl benzoates
A series of twelve benzoate esters was metabolised, by species of the Phellinus genus of wood-rotting fungi, to yield the corresponding benzyl alcohol derivatives and eight salicylates. The isolation of a stable oxepine metabolite, from methyl benzoate, allied to evidence of the migration and retention of a carbomethoxy group (the NIH Shift), during enzyme-catalysed ortho-hydroxylation of alkyl benzoates to form salicylates, is consistent with a mechanism involving an initial arene epoxidation step. This mechanism was confirmed by the isolation of a remarkably stable, optically active, substituted benzene oxide metabolite of methyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, which slowly converted into the racemic form. The arene oxide was found to undergo a cycloaddition reaction with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to yield a crystalline cycloadduct whose structure and racemic nature was established by X-ray crystallography. The metabolite was also found to undergo some novel benzene oxide reactions, including epoxidation to give an anti-diepoxide, base-catalysed hydrolysis to form a trans-dihydrodiol and acid-catalysed aromatisation to yield a salicylate derivative via the NIH Shift of a carbomethoxy group. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Boyd, Derek R.,Sharma, Narain D.,Harrison, John S.,Malone, John. F.,McRoberts, W. Colin,Hamilton, John T. G.,Harper, David B.
experimental part
p. 1251 - 1259
(2008/10/09)

1,2,5-THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL FOR TREATING CONDITIONS MEDIATED BY PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES (PTPASE)
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(2010/11/27)

Substituents on quinone methides strongly modulate formation and stability of their nucleophilic adducts
Electronic perturbation of quinone methides (QM) greatly influences their stability and in turn alters the kinetics and product profile of QM reaction with deoxynucleosides. Consistent with the electron-deficient nature of this reactive intermediate, electron-donating substituents are stabilizing and electron-withdrawing substituents are destabilizing. For example, a dC N3-QM adduct is made stable over the course of observation (7 days) by the presence of an electron-withdrawing ester group that inhibits QM regeneration. Conversely, a related adduct with an electron-donating methyl group is very labile and regenerates its QM with a half-life of approximately 5 h. The generality of these effects is demonstrated with a series of alternative quinone methide precursors (QMP) containing a variety of substituents attached at different positions with respect to the exocyclic methylene. The rates of nucleophilic addition to substituted QMs measured by laser flash photolysis similarly span 5 orders of magnitude with electron-rich species reacting most slowly and electron-deficient species reacting most quickly. The reversibility of QM reaction can now be predictably adjusted for any desired application.
Weinert, Emily E.,Dondi, Ruggero,Colloredo-Melz, Stefano,Frankenfield, Kristen N.,Mitchell, Charles H.,Freccero, Mauro,Rokita, Steven E.
p. 11940 - 11947
(2007/10/03)

A simple and effective method for chemoselective esterification of phenolic acids
A new method for efficient and chemoselective esterification of phenolic acids in KHCO3/alkyl halide/DMF reaction system is described, by which a series of phenoic acid esters were obtained in excellent yields.
Guo, Wei,Li, Junfei,Fan, Ningjuan,Wu, Weiwei,Zhou, Peiwen,Xia, Chizhong
p. 145 - 152
(2007/10/03)

Benzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol DAAO inhibitors
Methods for increasing D-Serine concentration and reducing concentration of the toxic products of D-Serine oxidation, for enhancing learning, memory and/or cognition, or for treating schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, or neuropathic pain, or preventing loss in neuronal function characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases involve administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutic amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof: wherein Z1 is N or CR3; Z2 is N or CR4; Z3is O or S; A is hydrogen, alkyl or M+; M is aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc or a mixture thereof; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxy alkoxy, aryl, acyl, halo, cyano, haloalkyl, NHCOOR5 and SO2NH2; R5 is aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is other than hydrogen; and at least one of Z1 and Z2 is other than N.
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(2010/02/12)

AMINOALCOHOL DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS BETA-3 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONISTS
The present invention relates to a compound formula [I] or a salt thereof. The compound [I] of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful for the prophylactic and/or the therapeutic treatment of pollakiurea or urinary incontinence.
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(2010/02/07)

NOVEL BENSOPHENONE DERIVATIVES OR SALTS THEREOF
A benzophenone derivative represented by the following formula: whereinR1 represents, for example, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or a substituted phenyl group; Z represents, for example, an alkylene group; R2 represents, for example, a carboxyl group optionally protected with alkyl;R3 represents, for example, an optionally protected hydroxyl group; R4 represents, for example, an optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy group; and R5 represents, for example, a hydrogen atom, ???or a salt thereof has anti-arthritic activity, inhibits bone destruction caused by arthritis, and provides high safety and excellent pharmacokinetics and thus is useful as therapeutic agent for arthritis. These compounds have inhibitory effect on AP-1 activity and are useful as preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases in which excessive expression of AP-1 is involved.
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Page 123-124

(2010/02/07)

Methods for the preparation of chemically misaminoacylated tRNA via protective groups
The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of chemically aminoacylated tRNAs for the purpose of introduction of markers into nascent proteins. The present invention also relates to methods for the non-radioactive labeling, detection, quantitation and isolation of nascent proteins translated in a cellular or cell-free translation system utilizing chemically aminoacylated tRNAs. tRNA molecules are misaminoacylated with non-radioactive markers which may be non-native amino acids, amino acid analogs or derivatives. Markers may comprise cleavable moieties, detectable labels, reporter properties wherein markers incorporated into protein can be distinguished from unincorporated markers, or coupling agents which facilitate the detection and isolation of nascent protein from other components of the translation system.
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(2008/06/13)

Method for preparing scenting compositions and scented products, and resulting products
The present invention relates to a process for the production of perfuming compositions, to perfumed products, and to products obtained therefrom. More specifically, the present invention concerns a process for the production of perfuming compositions, perfumed products and substances for perfumery characterized in that they comprise, as an active ingredient with an influence on the scent, an effective quantity of an alkylsalicylic acid ester.
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(2008/06/13)

Solid-phase synthesis of new saphenamycin analogues with antimicrobial activity
An array of 12 new saphenamycin analogues modified at the benzoate moiety was synthesized on solid support. Synthesis commenced with a chemoselective anchoring of saphenic acid through the carboxyl group to a 2-chlorotrityl functionalized polystyrene resin. The secondary alcohol was acylated in parallel with a series of differently substituted benzoic acid derivatives. Treatment with TFA-CH2Cl2 (5:995) released the expected saphenamycin analogues into solution. These new analogues were purified, characterized and screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis. Eight analogues exhibited MIC values against B. subtilis ranging from 0.07 to 3.93 μg/mL, comparable to the activities of previously reported saphenamycin analogues.
Laursen, Jane B.,De Visser, Peter C.,Nielsen, Henrik K.,Jensen, Knud J.,Nielsen, John
p. 171 - 175
(2007/10/03)

Bifunctional boronic compound complexing reagents and complexes
Reagents suitable for the modification of a bioactive species for the purpose of incorporating a bifunctional boronic compound complexing moiety for subsequent conjugation to a different (or the same) bioactive species having pendant phenylboronic acid moieties of General Formula 1, wherein group R is an electrophilic or nucleophilic moiety suitable for reaction of the putative bifunctional boronic compound complexing reagent with a bioactive species, wherein group R2 is selected from one of H and OH moieties, and wherein group R3 is selected from one of an alkyl and a methylene bearing an electronegative substituent. Group Z is a spacer selected from (CH2)n and CH2O(CH2CH2O)n2, wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 5, and wherein n2 is an integer of from 1 to 4. Each of group Z2 and Z3 is a spacer selected from CH2Ar, CH2CONHCH2Ar, CH2CONH(CH2)n3CO-NHCH2Ar, and (CH2)n4NHCO(CH2)n5CONHCH2Ar, wherein the group Ar represents the aromatic ring in the reagent of General Formula I to which the spacer Z2 or Z3 is appended, wherein n3 is an integer of from 1 to 5, wherein n4 is an integer selected from one of 2 and 3, and wherein n5 is an integer of from 1 to 4. Reaction of a reagent of General Formula I with a bioactive species affords a conjugate having pendant putative bifunctional boronic compound complexing moieties. (one or more) The conjugate may be further reacted with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) by amidation of the benzoic acid ester moiety to afford a class of bifunctional boronic compound complexing conjugate, e.g., conjugate with one or more pendant bifunctional boronic compound complexing moieties.
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(2008/06/13)

Triaromatic compounds and pharmaceutical/cosmetic compositions comprised thereof
Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active triaromatic compounds have the structural formula (I): and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.
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(2008/06/13)

Antimicrobial effects of novel siderophores linked to β-lactam antibiotics
As a strategy to increase the penetration of antibiotic drugs through the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens, facilitated transport through siderophore receptors has been frequently exploited. Hydroxamic acids, catechols, or very close isosteres of catechols, which are mimics of naturally occurring siderophores, have been used successfully as covalently linked escorting moieties, but a much wider diversity of iron binding motifs exists. This observation, coupled to the relative lack of specificity of siderophore receptors, prompted us to initiate a program to identify novel, noncatechol siderophoric structures. We screened over 300 compounds for their ability to (1) support growth in low iron medium of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophore biosynthesis deletion mutant, or (2) compete with a bactericidal siderophore-antibiotic conjugate for siderophore receptor access. From these assays we identified a set of small molecules that fulfilled one or both of these criteria. We then synthesized these compounds with functional groups suitable for attachment to both monobactam and cephalosporin core structures. Siderophore-β-lactam conjugates then were tested against a panel of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Although several of the resultant chimeric compounds had antimicrobial activity approaching that of ceftazidime, and most compounds demonstrated very potent activity against their cellular targets, only a single compound was obtained that had enhanced, siderophore-mediated antibacterial activity. Results with tonB mutants frequently showed increased rather than decreased susceptibilities, suggesting that multiple factors influenced the intracellular concentration of the drugs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Kline,Fromhold,McKennon,Cai,Treiberg,Ihle,Sherman,Schwan,Hickey,Warrener,Witte,Brody,Goltry,Barker,Anderson,Tanaka,Shawar,Nguyen,Langhorne,Bigelow,Embuscado,Naeemi
p. 73 - 93
(2007/10/03)

Ortho-substituted aromatic ether compounds and their use in pharmaceutical compositions for pain relief
The invention provides compounds of formula I: STR1 wherein A, B, D, X, R1, and R3 have any of the values defined in the specification, as well as N-oxides thereof, S-oxides thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and in vivo hydrolizable esters and amides thereof, that are useful to relieve pain. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions as well as synthetic and therapeutic methods relating to such compounds.
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(2008/06/13)

Boronic compound complexing reagents and complexes
Boron compound complexing reagents, boron compound complexes, and methods of synthesizing these reagents and complexes are disclosed. These reagents and complexes include those shown in General Formula III, General Formula IV, and General Formula VI. In one embodiment, the reagents of General Formula III may be used to produce, after condensation with a bioactive species (BAS), the reagent of General Formula IV. The reagent of General Formula IV may be used to form a complex with a boron compound, such as a complex shown in General Formula VI. STR1
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(2008/06/13)

Boronic compound complexing reagents and highly stable complexes
Boron compound complexing reagents, intermediate reagents of those reagents and methods of synthesizing these reagents are disclosed. These reagents, including those shown as General Formula I and General Formula II may be used, after further reactions described herein, to complex with boronic compounds, such as phenylboronic acid or derivatives thereof. STR1
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(2008/06/13)

Boronic compound complexing reagents and highly stable complexes
Boron compound complexing reagents, boron compound complexes, and methods of synthesizing these reagents and complexes are disclosed. These reagents and complexes include those shown in General Formula CIII, General Formula CIV, and General Formula CVI. In one embodiment, the reagents of General Formula CIII may be used to produce, after condensation with a bioactive species (BAS), the reagent of General Formula CIV. The reagent of General Formula CIV may be used to form a complex with a boron compound, such as a complex shown in General Formula CVI. STR1
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(2008/06/13)

Boronic compound complexing reagents and complexes
Boron compound complexing reagents and methods of synthesizing these reagents are disclosed. These reagents, including those shown as General Formula I and General Formula II may be used, after further reactions described herein, to complex with boronic compounds, such as phenylboronic acid or derivatives thereof. STR1
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(2008/06/13)

Synthesis of Saturated Anacardic Acids, and Alkenyl and Alkynyl Analogues
The C-alkylation of esters of 2-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid and of the 4-methyl isomers affords a route to homologous compounds including in the former case members of the natural anacardic acids from Anacardium occidentale and ω-alkynyl compounds suitable for synthesising other natural phenolic lipids or for structure/activity studies.
Tyman, John H. P.,Visani, Naina
p. 228 - 240
(2007/10/03)

Reactions of endocyclic linearly conjugated dienolates with Michael acceptors leading to bicyclo[2.2.2] octane derivatives. Application to the synthesis of C13 degradation products of carotenoids
The endocyclic linearly conjugated dienolates from substituted cyclohex-2-enones react with but-3-en-2-one, substituted methyl propenoates, but-3-yn-2-one and methyl propiolate to afford bicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-en-1-ols 10a-c, 14a-c and bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-dien-1-ols 15a,b. The AlCl3-catalysed reaction of 3,5,5-trimethyl-Htrimethylsiloxy)cyclohexa-l)3-diene 3 with (E)-4-acetoxy- and (E)-4-methoxy-but-3-en-2-one provides trans-8-acetoxy-7-acetyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2- enes 22, 23 and trans-7-acetyl-8-methoxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-1-(trimethylsiloxy)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2- enes 24, 25. Starting from these bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes, the C13 degradation products of carotenoids including 3-oxo-α-ionone 20, blumenol-C 27 and 1,3,7,7-tetramethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.4.0]decan-9-one 29 have been synthesized.
Ito, Nobuhiko,Etoh, Takeaki
p. 2397 - 2405
(2007/10/03)