- NEUROACTIVE STEROIDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF
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Described herein are neuroactive steroids of the Formula (I): (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R1, R2, Ra, G, X, Y, Z, and n are as defined herein. Such compounds are envisioned, in certain embodiments, to behave as GABA modulators. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein and methods of use and treatment, e.g., such for inducing sedation and/or anesthesia.
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Paragraph 468
(2016/09/15)
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- A sulfitylation-oxidation protocol for the preparation of sulfates
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A novel, high-yielding method for sulfation of alcohols has been developed, proceeding via sulfite- and sulfate diester intermediates. Sulfite diesters serve as versatile sulfate monoester precursors, allowing for transformations that are difficult or impossible with the latter compounds.
- Huibers,Manuzi, Alvaro,Rutjes, Floris P. J. T.,Van Delft, Floris L.
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p. 7473 - 7476
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of leukotriene anatgonists
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The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) or a sodium salt thereof STR1 wherein HET is 7-chloroquinolin-2-yl or 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, which comprises: reacting the dilithium dianion of 1-(mercaptomethyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid with a compound of formula (II) STR2 wherein HET is as defined above and L is arylsulfonyl or alkylsulfonyl. The invention further provides the dicyclohexylamine salt of a compound of formula (I).
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- Reaction of α-Peroxy Lactones with C, N, P, and S Nucleophiles: Adduct Formation and Nucleophile Oxidation by Nucleophilic Attack at and Biphilic Insertion into the Peroxide Bond
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The reactions of the α-peroxy lactones 1 with a variety of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur nucleophiles yield, on SN2 attack at the more electrophilic alkoxy oxygen of the peroxide bond, diverse addition and oxygen transfer products, together with the catalytic Grob-type fragmentation. The nature of the nucleophile determines the fate of the open-chain intermediate I. Thus, protic nucleophiles such as primary and secondary amines and thiols lead to the second intermediate I′ through proton shift subsequent to the SN2 step, while nonprotic amines and sulfides, as well as diazoalkanes, lead to oxidation products or to the cycloadducts 10-15. Trivalent phosphorus nucleophiles such as phosphines and phosphites and diisopropyl sulfoxylate prefer biphilic insertion, as documented by the fact that the nucleophilicity rather than the steric demand of these reagents controls their reactivity. The labile adducts undergo a variety of transformations to the final stable products. For protic nucleophiles, the amine adducts 5 and 6 are sufficiently persistent for isolation, whereas the sulfenic esters formed by thiol addition are further oxidized to the sulfinic esters 7 and 8 or react with excess thiol to the corresponding disulfides. For aprotic nucleophiles, the dipolar intermediates I decompose into acetone and CO2 with regeneration of the nucleophile (Grob-type fragmentation), as seen for DABCO and pyridine N-oxide, or they extrude the α-lactone to afford the oxygen transfer product. The corresponding ketones, pyridine N-oxide, sulfoxides, and sulfones are obtained by this route from diazoalkanes, pyridine, sulfides and sulfoxides. Additionally, the diazoalkane intermediates I also cyclize to the cycloadducts 10-12. The thermally labile phosphorus adducts 13-15, which were observed by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy, decompose to the α-lactone and the phosphorus oxides. Analogously, diisopropyl sulfite is obtained from the sulfoxylate adduct. As for the fate of the α-lactones (the reduction products of the α-peroxy lactones), the dimethyl derivative either oligomerizes to the oligoester 2a or is trapped by methanol as the α-methoxy acid 4a, while the spiroadamantyl α-lactone decarbonylates to adamantanone.
- Adam, Waldemar,Biancafort, Lluis
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p. 1623 - 1629
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of cyclic sulfites by transesterification of diols and diisopropyl sulfite
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Cyclic sulfites of 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diols can be prepared in high yield by acid or base catalyzed transesterification with diisopropyl sulfite.
- King, Steven A.,Pipik, Brenda,Conlon, David A.,Bhupathy
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p. 701 - 707
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of 1-(thiomethyl)-cyclopropaneacetic acid
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The present invention provides a novel process for the preparation of 1,1-cyclopropanedimethanol cyclic sulfite which comprises: (a) contacting 1,1-cyclopropanedimethanol with dialkylsulfite in the presence of a base; and (b) removing from the reaction mixture the alcohol reaction by-product. This process is incorporated in the additional novel processes for preparing 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropaneacetonitrile and 1-(thiomethyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid.
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- Surface-mediated reactions. 3. Hydrohalogenation of alkenes
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Appropriately prepared silica gel and alumina have been found to mediate the addition of HCl, HBr, and HI to alkenes. The technique has been rendered even more convenient by the use of various organic and inorganic halides that undergo hydrolysis in the presence of silica gel or alumina to generate hydrogen halides in situ. Under these conditions alkenes such as cycloheptene (1), 1-octene (7), and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (15), which react with HCl only very slowly in solution, underwent rapid addition. 1-Octene (7) underwent ionic addition of HBr without competing radical addition. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (24) afforded the syn addition product 25c, which underwent equilibration with the thermodynamically more stable isomer 25t. A mechanism for surface-mediated addition/elimination is proposed involving a stepwise transfer of H+ and X- from or to the surface in syn fashion, as shown in Scheme II.
- Kropp, Paul J.,Daus, Kimberlee A.,Tubergen, Mark W.,Kepler, Keith D.,Wilson, Vincent P.,Craig, Stephen L.,Baillargeon, Michelle M.,Breton, Gary W.
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p. 3071 - 3079
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of Isopropoxy-Chloro-Disulfane (ROSSCl) and its Reaction with Titanocene Pentasulfide to Give (RO)2S9
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Bis-alkoxy-disulfanes, ROSSOR, react with SCl2 at 0 deg C to give ROSSCl which yield the corresponding nonasulfanes, RO-S9-OR, on reaction with titanocene pentasulfide, (C5H5)2TiS5.Raman, mass, and NMR spectra of ROSSCl and (RO)2S9 (R = isopropyl) are reported.
- Schmidt, Heinar,Steudel, Ralf
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p. 557 - 558
(2007/10/02)
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- ORGANOSULPHUR COMPOUNDS-LXIX OPTICALLY ACTIVE SULPHINATES: A NEW TYPE OF ENANTIOSELECTIVE ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS AND KINETIC RESOLUTION
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Optically active sulphinates with the sulphur atom as a sole centre of chirality are prepared by two methods.The first involves the reaction of symmetrical sulphites with tert-butylmagnesium chloride in the presence of optically active aminoalcohols.This new asymmetric, enantioselective synthesis affords t-butylsulphinates with 40-70percent enantiomeric excess values.The second approach is based on a new type of kinetic resolution taking place when racemic sulphinates are reacted with tert-butylmagnesium chloride complexed by optically active alkaloid bases.Both the recovered sulphinates and sulphoxides formed in this reaction show moderate optical purities.
- Drabowicz, Jozef,Legedz, Slawomir,Mikolajczik, Marian
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p. 5243 - 5252
(2007/10/02)
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- NEW FACILE SYNTHESIS OF α-HYDROXYAMIDES:INTERMOLECULAR AND INTRAMOLECULAR CATALYSIS IN THE REACTION OF α-HYDROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH N-SULFINYLAMINES.
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α-Hydroxycarboxylic acids (1) reacted with N-sulfinylanilines (2) to give the corresponding α-hydroxyanilides (5) in quantitative yields under mild condition: the reaction appears to involve intermolecular catalysis by the carboxylic acid moiety and intra
- Shin, Jai Moo,Kim, Yong Hae
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p. 1921 - 1924
(2007/10/02)
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