- Methanol as the C1source: Redox coupling of nitrobenzenes and alcohols for the synthesis of benzimidazoles
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We present an operationally simple redox coupling for the synthesis of N-1 substituted benzimidazoles using feedstock building block 2-nitroaniline derivatives as the precursors and methanol as the C1 source. Higher atom, step, and redox economies and exc
- An, Jie,Lai, Zemin,Li, Hengzhao,Peng, Mengqi,Sun, Yanhao,Yan, Zihan,Yang, Ruoyan,Zhang, Yuntong
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supporting information
p. 748 - 753
(2022/02/02)
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- One-Pot Transformation of Lignin and Lignin Model Compounds into Benzimidazoles
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It is a challenging task to simultaneously achieve selective depolymerization and valorization of lignin due to their complex structure and relatively stable bonds. We herein report an efficient depolymerization strategy that employs 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as oxidant/catalyst to selectively convert different oxidized lignin models to a wide variety of 2-phenylbenzimidazole-based compounds in up to 94 % yields, by reacting with o-phenylenediamines with varied substituents. This method could take full advantage of both Cβ and/or Cγ atom in lignin structure to furnish the desirable products instead of forming byproducts, thus exhibiting high atom economy. Furthermore, this strategy can effectively transform both the oxidized hardwood (birch) and softwood (pine) lignin into the corresponding degradation products in up to 45 wt% and 30 wt%, respectively. Through a “one-pot” process, we have successfully realized the oxidation/depolymerization/valorization of natural birch lignin at the same time and produced the benzimidazole derivatives in up to 67 wt% total yields.
- Guo, Tao,He, Jianghua,Liu, Tianwei,Zhang, Yuetao
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supporting information
(2022/02/07)
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- Sustainable Synthesis of 2-Hydroxymethylbenzimidazoles using D-Fructose as a C2 Synthon
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D-fructose, a biomass-derived carbohydrate has been identified as an environmentally benign C2 synthon in the preparation of synthetically useful 2-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole derivatives by coupling with 1,2-phenylenediamines. Proof of concept was established by synthesizing 23 examples using BF3.OEt2 (20 mol%), TBHP (5.5 M, decane) (1.0 equiv.) in CH3CN at 90 °C for 1 h. The pivotal features of this method include metal-free conditions, short time, good functional group tolerance, gram scale feasibility and the synthesis of benzimidazole fused 1,4-oxazine. Control studies with conventional C2 synthons did not produce the desired product, thus suggesting a new reaction pathway from D-fructose.
- Raja, Dineshkumar,Philips, Abigail,Sundaramurthy, Devikala,Chandru Senadi, Gopal
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supporting information
p. 3754 - 3759
(2021/10/14)
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- Highly Efficient and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles in Aqueous Media
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Abstract: A convenient and highly efficient, catalysts-free synthesis of benzimidazoles in an aqueous medium has been developed. The conditions of the synthesis were optimized, and its scope was successfully extended to various substrates with good to excellent yields. The experimental procedure is simple, and the products can be isolated by filtration followed by recrystallization from water.
- Huang, W.-H.,Jin, Y.-J.,Ma, L.-F.,Wu, Y.,Zhou, L.-H.
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p. 825 - 830
(2021/06/12)
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- Hetero- A nd Homobimetallic Complexes Bridged by a Bis(NHC) Ligand: Synthesis via Selective Sequential Metalation and Catalytic Applications in Tandem Organic Transformations
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A (bis)azolium salt [L1-H2]Br2 (5), synthesized following multistep procedures, was realized to be a suitable platform for accessing the bis(NHC) ligand supported heterobimetallic IrIII-M (M = PdII/AuI) complexes via a sequential metalation strategy for their potential catalytic applications in one-pot tandem organic transformations. First, the reaction of 5 with 0.5 equiv of [Ir(Cp-)Cl2]2 selectively yielded a monometallic IrIII complex 6, which was further metalated using Pd(OAc)2/NaOAc to afford the heterobimetallic IrIII-PdII complex 7. On the other hand, complex 6 was reacted with Ag2O, followed by transmetalation with [Au(SMe2)Cl] in a one-pot manner, to yield the IrIII-AuI complex 8. Further, the related homobimetallic IrIII and PdII complexes 9 and 10, respectively, have also been synthesized directly from [L1-H2]Br2. All the homo/heterobimetallic complexes have been well-characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI-mass spectrometry, and via single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the complexes 7, 8, and 10. The heterobimetallic IrIII-PdII complex 7 has been tested as a catalyst for three one-pot tandem catalytic reactions: (a) Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and transfer hydrogenation of ketones, (b) hydrodefluorination and transfer hydrogenation of ketones, and (c) hydrodehalogenation and transfer hydrogenation of imines. Importantly, the catalytic activity of heterobimetallic complex 7 in the above-mentioned reactions was found to be better than the mixture of their corresponding homobimetallic counterparts 9 and 10, keeping the concentration of the metal centers constant. These observations affirm some sort of cooperativity between the two metal centers (Ir and Pd) connected via a single ligand frame in 7 when catalytic activity is concerned, which thus constitutes a superior catalytic system than that of the cases where two separate metal complexes (hence, the two metal centers are not connected by a single ligand framework) are used.
- Nishad, Rajeev C.,Kumar, Shashi,Rit, Arnab
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p. 915 - 926
(2021/05/04)
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- Poly(3-hexylthiophene)s Functionalized with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Robust and Conductive Ligands for the Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles
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Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are explored as anchor groups to bind organic ligands to colloidal gold (i.e. gold nanoparticles, Au NPs), yet these efforts are confined to non-conjugated ligands so far—that is, focused solely on exploiting the s
- Sun, Ningwei,Zhang, Shi-Tong,Simon, Frank,Steiner, Anja Maria,Schubert, Jonas,Du, Yixuan,Qiao, Zhi,Fery, Andreas,Lissel, Franziska
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supporting information
p. 3912 - 3917
(2020/12/30)
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- Method for synthesizing benzimidazole from carbon dioxide and o-phenylenediamine compound
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing benzimidazole from carbon dioxide and an o-phenylenediamine compound, the method is characterized in that an amino-containing functionalized ordered mesoporous polymer is used as a catalyst, o-phenylenediamine and carbon dioxide are used as raw materials, dimethylaminoborane is used as a hydrogen reduction reagent, carbon dioxide and the o-phenylenediamine compound are catalyzed to react in an NMP solvent to generate a benzimidazole compound, wherein the dosage of a catalyst is 0.01-1mol% based on the nitrogen content of the o-phenylenediamine compound; the filling pressure of the carbon dioxide is 0.1-2MPa; the reaction temperature is 60-180DEG C; the molar ratio of the catalyst to the NMP is 1:50-100. Compared with the prior art, the catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation, high catalytic activity, capability of catalyzing the reaction of carbon dioxide and the o-phenylenediamine compound under mild conditions to generate benzimidazole and derivatives thereof, and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0033-0036
(2021/06/06)
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- Reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamine with CO2 and BH3NH3 to synthesize 1H-benzoimidazole derivatives
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A simple and green protocol was developed for the reductive cyclization of o-phenylenediamine with CO2 and BH3NH3 to yield 1H-benzimidazole. The desired 1H-benzimidazole derivatives were produced under mild conditions. Mechanism investigation indicated that the coordination of o-phenylenediamine with the boron atom of BH3NH3 promoted the transfer of the formyl group to form a stable intermediate, which facilitated the intramolecular nucleophilic addition-elimination for the formation of target product. In this process, BH3NH3 served multifunctional roles, acting as a reducing agent and a formylation catalyst.
- Han, Limin,Hong, Hailong,Li, Xiao,Yang, Yue,Zhang, Junhua,Zhu, Ning
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supporting information
(2021/09/28)
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- Highly efficient one pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from 2-nitroaniline and PhSiH3 as reducing agent catalyzed by Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst
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This work reports an efficient route for the synthesis of benzimidazole from o-nitroaniline in the presence of carbon dioxide atmosphere, PhSiH3 as a reducing agent catalyzed by Pd/C as a catalyst. Benzimidazoles have become the focus of organic chemists, as benzimidazole is an important intermediate in medicinal chemistry. We have developed more efficient route for the synthesis benzimidazole and various substituted benzimidazoles have been synthesized in good to excellent yield. The TBD (1,5,7-Triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene) is selected as a base as it promotes the CO2 insertion. Benzimidazoles were synthesized through reduction of nitro group followed by cyclization of amine using CO2 as a carbon source. Moreover, the Pd/C catalyst can be recycled up to five recycle run without significant changes in the yield of the product.
- Phatake, Vishal V.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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- Transition-metal and oxidant-free approach for the synthesis of diverse N-heterocycles by TMSCl activation of isocyanides
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A highly efficient TMSCl-mediated addition of N-nucleophiles to isocyanides has been achieved. This transition-metal and oxidant-free strategy has been applied to the construction of various N-heterocyles such as quinazolinone, benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives by the use of distinct amino-based binucleophiles. The notable feature of this protocol includes its mild reaction condition, broad functional group tolerance and excellent yield. This journal is
- Chen, Fen-Er,Dong, Lin,Li, Hongyan,Liu, Jinxin,Luo, Liangliang,Xiao, You-Cai,Zhou, Yuan
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p. 29257 - 29262
(2020/10/02)
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- Facile access to: N-formyl imide as an N-formylating agent for the direct synthesis of N-formamides, benzimidazoles and quinazolinones
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N-Formamide synthesis using N-formyl imide with primary and secondary amines with catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH·H2O) is described. This reaction is performed in water without the use of surfactants. Moreover, N-formyl imide is efficiently synthesized using acylamidines with TsOH·H2O in water. In addition, N-formyl imide was successfully used as a carbonyl source in the synthesis of benzimidazole and quinazolinone derivatives. Notable features of N-formylation of amines by using N-formyl imide include operational simplicity, oxidant- A nd metal-free conditions, structurally diverse products, and easy applicability to gram-scale operation.
- Huang, Hsin-Yi,Liang, Chien-Fu,Lin, Xiu-Yi,Yen, Shih-Yao
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supporting information
p. 5726 - 5733
(2020/08/21)
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- Visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative desulfurization of 2-mercaptobenzimidazolesviaa sulfinyl radical
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A mild transition-metal-free non-toxic aerobic photoredox system was found to enable highly efficient desulfurization of 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles. This viable catalytic system includes Rose Bengal in a low catalyst loading as a photosensitizer and cheap, non-toxic NaCl in a catalytic amount as an additive, combined with an oxygen atmosphere. This protocol provides an important alternative access to a broad range of benzimidazole and deuterated benzimidazole products in generally high yields with good tolerance of various synthetically and pharmaceutically useful functionalities. The mechanistic studies reveal that both single electron transfer and energy transfer probably occur in the initial step and a sulfinyl radical intermediate is involved in the key desulfurization process.
- Deng, Guo-Jun,Fu, Mei,Huang, Huawen,Ji, Xiaochen,Li, Yongtong
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supporting information
p. 5594 - 5598
(2020/09/21)
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- Endogenous X-C=O species enable catalyst-free formylation prerequisite for CO2reductive upgrading
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CO2, the main component of greenhouse gas, is currently developed as a promising surrogate of carbon feedstock. Among various conversion routes, CO2undergoing catalytic reduction can furnish hydrogen/energy carriers and value-added chemicals, while specific metal-containing catalysts or organocatalysts are often prerequisite for smooth proceeding of the involved reaction processes. In this work, both formic acid and N-containing benzoheterocyclic compounds (including various benzimidazoles, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole) along with silanols could be synthesized with high yields (>90%) from catalyst-free reductive upgrading of CO2under mild conditions (50 °C). The endogenous X-CO species, derived from the N-methyl-substituted amide-based solvent [Me2N-C(O)-R], especially PolarClean, and O-formyl group [O-C(O)-H] of in situ formed silyl formate, were found to play a prominent promotional role in the activation of the used hydrosilane for reductive CO2insertion, as demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and isotopic labeling experiments. Moreover, reaction mechanisms and condition-based sensitivity assessment were also delineated.
- Dai, Wenshuai,Li, Hu,Saravanamurugan, Shunmugavel,Wu, Hongguo,Yang, Song
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p. 5822 - 5832
(2020/10/21)
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- Metal-Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles via Oxidative Cyclization of d -Glucose with o-Phenylenediamines in Water
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d-Glucose has been identified as an efficient C1 synthon in the synthesis of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines via an oxidative cyclization strategy. Isotopic studies with 13C6-d-glucose and D2O unambiguously confirmed the source of methine. The notable features of this method include the following: broad functional group tolerance, a biorenewable methine source, excellent reaction yields, a short reaction time, water as an environmentally benign solvent, and the synthesis of vitamin B12 component on the gram scale.
- Raja, Dineshkumar,Philips, Abigail,Palani, Pushbaraj,Lin, Wei-Yu,Devikala, Sundaramurthy,Senadi, Gopal Chandru
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p. 11531 - 11540
(2020/10/12)
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- Method for generating nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring products by catalyzing lignin and amino-containing compound with acid
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The invention provides a method for generating nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring products by catalyzing lignin and an amino-containing compound with acid, belonging to the technical field of lignin degradation. According to the invention, lignin and the amino-containing compound are catalyzed by acid to directly generate the nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives in one step, and excellent yield (60-100%) is obtained in degradation of lignin; meanwhile, the method disclosed by the invention has high atom utilization rate; and in traditional degradation of lignin to generate benzaldehyde or benzoic acid, beta-C and gamma-C mostly generate byproducts such as formaldehyde, formic acid or carbon dioxide and cannot be fully utilized, but however, beta-C and gamma-C in lignin can generate nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring products of the same series together with amino-containing compound raw materials according to the method in the invention, and the method has great application value inthe aspect of medicine.
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-
Paragraph 0129-0136
(2020/08/06)
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- K2S as Sulfur Source and DMSO as Carbon Source for the Synthesis of 2-Unsubstituted Benzothiazoles
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We describe a three-component reaction of o-iodoanilines with K2S and DMSO that provides 2-unsubstituted benzothiazoles in moderate to good isolated yields with good functional group tolerance. Electron-rich aromatic amines and o-phenylenediamines instead of o-iodoanilines provided 2-unsubstituted benzothiazoles and 2-unsubstituted benzimidazoles with and without K2S under similar conditions. Notably, DMSO plays three vital roles: carbon source, solvent, and oxidant.
- Deng, Guobo,Kuang, Daizhi,Liang, Yun,Yang, Yuan,Yu, Jiangxi,Zhang, Fuxing,Zhu, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 3789 - 3793
(2020/06/04)
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- Cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of N-containing heterocycles: Via cyclization of ortho -substituted anilines with CO2/H2
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The CO2-involved synthesis of chemicals is of great significance from the green and sustainable chemistry viewpoint. Herein, we report a non-noble metal catalytic system composed of CoF2, CsF and P(CH2CH2PPh2)3 (denoted as PP3) for the synthesis of N-containing heterocycles from ortho-substituted anilines and CO2/H2. Mechanism investigation indicates that [Co(PP3)H(CO2)]+ is a catalytically active intermediate under working conditions; and CsF plays important roles in activating ortho-substituted anilines via hydrogen bond interactions, thus promoting the formation of the final products. This catalytic system is highly efficient, and allows a wide scope of ortho-substituted anilines, together with excellent functional group tolerance, affording various N-containing heterocycles in good to excellent yields.
- Ke, Zhengang,Yu, Bo,Wang, Huan,Xiang, Junfeng,Han, Juanjuan,Wu, Yunyan,Liu, Zhenghui,Yang, Peng,Liu, Zhimin
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p. 1695 - 1701
(2019/04/10)
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- Supported Rhodium (Rh@PS) Catalyzed Benzimidazoles Synthesis Using Ethanol/Methanol as C2H3/CH Source
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An effective and stable polystyrene supported rhodium (Rh@PS) nano-catalyst has been synthesized by following reduction-deposition approach and applied for the selective benzimidazoles synthesis from 1,2-phenylenediamines and ethanol/methanol as C2H3/CH source. The ethanol/methanol in the presence of trace amounts of aerobic oxygen under Rh@PS catalysed condition, first participated in oxidation of alcohol followed by consecutive condensation, cyclization and hydrogen elimination reactions with 1,2-phenylenediamine gave the desired products in good yields. The Rh@PS catalyst in a single system performed both oxidation and reduction reactions in a selective/specific manner and applied for large substrate scope. Easy recovery, handling, stability, recyclability of the catalyst and less chance of metal contamination with the products are the added advantages of the process. (Figure presented.).
- Sharma, Saurabh,Sharma, Ajay,Yamini,Das, Pralay
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supporting information
p. 67 - 72
(2018/12/05)
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- Microwave use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds method
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The invention discloses a microwave the use of amidine compounds in the aqueous phase benzoate synthesis of benzimidazole compounds, in the aqueous phase under microwave conditions adding benzoic amidine compound under alkaline condition [...] into benzimidazole reaction, invention an environment-friendly, the operation is simple, cheap and safe, efficient process for preparing benzimidazole method. Compared with the prior art, this method not only can be applied to a large number of functional groups, the productive rate is high, few by-products, and the operation is simple, safe, low cost, environmental protection; .
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-
Paragraph 0076
(2019/03/28)
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- A benzimidazole and synthetic method of derivative thereof (by machine translation)
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The present invention provides a benzimidazole and its derivative synthesis method, the method through the imidazole chloride catalyzed O-phenylenediamine cyclized, realizes the multi-functional chain dibasic and imidazole and 2 - substituted benzimidazole synthesis, method is simple and economic, and the practicability is strong. This invention does not have any other catalyst or additive, synthetic method has good functional group tolerance and excellent yield and purity, reaction time is short, and does not need the harsh reaction conditions, is suitable for industrial production. (by machine translation)
- -
-
Paragraph 0040; 0042; 0050; 0051
(2019/02/10)
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- Imidazolium chloride-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines and DMF derivatives
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A facile, general, and economical synthesis of diversely functionalized benzimidazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles has been realized via the imidazolium chloride-catalyzed cyclization of o-phenylenediamines with DMF derivatives. This protocol shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic amides. A series of benzimidazoles and 2-substituted benzimidazoles have been obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
- Gan, Zongjie,Tian, Qingqiang,Shang, Suqin,Luo, Wen,Dai, Zeshu,Wang, Huajun,Li, Dan,Wang, Xuetong,Yuan, Jianyong
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p. 7450 - 7456
(2018/11/27)
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- Oxalic/malonic acids as carbon building blocks for benzazole, quinazoline and quinazolinone synthesis
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An oxidant, base and metal free methodology has been developed for the synthesis of various 2-substituted and non-substituted benzazoles, quinazolines and quinazolinones using oxalic/malonic acids as an in situ carbon source. This methodology is applicable for a wide range of substituted o-phenylenediamine, o-aminothiophenol, o-aminophenol and o-aminobenzamide containing various functional groups and provides good to excellent yields of the corresponding product. Furthermore an easy workup procedure, high yield and easy isolation of products are key features of this methodology. The developed protocol is also applicable for the gram scale synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Sharma, Saurabh,Bhattacherjee, Dhananjay,Das, Pralay
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supporting information
p. 1337 - 1342
(2018/03/06)
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- Synthesis of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines and DMF derivatives in the presence of PhSiH3
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A simple approach to preparation of benzimidazoles from o-phenylenediamines and DMF derivatives, only employing PhSiH3 as promoter without any other additives, was reported. This route provided moderate to high yields with a broad substrate scope. A plausible mechanism for the reaction is proposed based on the spectroscopic characterization (e.g., HRMS and 1H NMR) of the reaction mixture.
- Zhu, Jianhua,Zhang, Zhenbei,Miao, Chengxia,Liu, Wei,Sun, Wei
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p. 3458 - 3462
(2017/05/31)
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- SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF DYRK1A AND USES THEREOF
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This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular, the invention relates to a new class of small-molecules having a benzimidazole or imidazopyridine structure which function as inhibitors of DYRK1A protein, and their use as therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, glioblastoma, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders (e.g., airway inflammation), and other diseases.
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Page/Page column 35-36
(2017/03/21)
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- Gold(I) NHC Complexes: Antiproliferative Activity, Cellular Uptake, Inhibition of Mammalian and Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductases, and Gram-Positive Directed Antibacterial Effects
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Gold complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands represent a promising class of metallodrugs for the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases. In this report, the synthesis and the biological evaluation of halogen-containing NHC-AuI-Cl complexes are described. The complexes 1 and 5 a–5 f displayed good cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, and cellular uptake studies suggested that an intact Au-NHC fragment is essential for the accumulation of high amounts of both the metal and the NHC ligand. However, the bioavailability was negatively affected by serum components of the cell culture media and was influenced by likely transformations of the complex. One example (5 d) efficiently induced apoptosis in vincristine- and daunorubicin-resistant P-glycoprotein overexpressing Nalm-6 leukemia cells. Cellular uptake studies with this compound showed that both the wild-type and resistant Nalm-6 cells accumulated comparable amounts of gold, indicating that the gold drug was not excreted by P-glycoprotein or other efflux transporters. The effective inhibition of mammalian and bacterial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) was confirmed for all of the gold complexes. Antibacterial screening of the gold complexes showed a particularly high activity against Gram-positive strains, reflecting their high dependence on an intact Trx/TrxR system. This result is of particular interest as the inhibition of bacterial TrxR represents a relatively little explored mechanism of new anti-infectives.
- Schmidt, Claudia,Karge, Bianka,Misgeld, Rainer,Prokop, Aram,Franke, Raimo,Br?nstrup, Mark,Ott, Ingo
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p. 1869 - 1880
(2017/02/15)
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- Atmospheric CO2 promoted synthesis of N-containing heterocycles over B(C6F5)3 catalyst
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B(C6F5)3 combined with atmospheric CO2 was found to be highly effective for the cyclization of ortho-substituted aniline derivatives with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and a series of N-containing heterocycles including benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles, quinazolinone and benzoxazole were obtained in good to excellent yields.
- Gao, Xiang,Yu, Bo,Mei, Qingqing,Yang, Zhenzhen,Zhao, Yanfei,Zhang, Hongye,Hao, Leiduan,Liu, Zhimin
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p. 8282 - 8287
(2016/10/11)
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- HEPARAN SULFATE BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES
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Described herein are compounds of Formula I, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or conditions in need of inhibition of heparan sulfate biosynthesis.
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-
Paragraph 000624
(2016/05/02)
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- Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed C-S Bond Construction using CO2 as a C1 Building Block under Mild Conditions: A Metal-Free Route to Synthesis of Benzothiazoles
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The construction of the C-S bond using CO2 as a C1 feedstock can be considered as a green route for the synthesis of S-containing compounds and is of great significance. Herein, we report the acetate-based ionic liquids (ILs)-catalyzed synthesis of benzothiazoles via cyclization of 2-aminothiophenols with CO2 and hydrosilane under mild conditions (e.g., 60 °C, 0.5 MPa). It was found that the IL (e.g., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [Bmim][OAc]) served as a multifunctional catalyst with activating CO2 and hydrosilane to form a formoxysilane intermediate, as well as simultaneously activating 2-aminothiophenols through a hydrogen bond, finally resulting in the production of benzothiazoles. [Bmim][OAc] showed the best performance, and a series of benzothiazoles were obtained in high yields. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first protocol for the synthesis of benzothiazoles using CO2 as a C1 building block under metal-free and mild conditions.
- Gao, Xiang,Yu, Bo,Yang, Zhenzhen,Zhao, Yanfei,Zhang, Hongye,Hao, Leiduan,Han, Buxing,Liu, Zhimin
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p. 6648 - 6652
(2015/11/23)
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- PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE INHIBITORS WITH ZINC BINDING MOIETY
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors with a zinc binding moiety. SOLUTION: There is provided a compound represented by formula (I) in the figure. (X is S, O or the like; Y is CH, N or the like; G1 is optionally substituted N or the like; R1 and R2 are each independently H or the like; C is a substituted heterocycle or the like; B is a linear alkyl or the like; Ra and Rb together with the nitrogen atom coupled to them are morpholino or the like; G2 is an indazole ring or the like; q, r and s are independently from 0 to 1, provided that at least one of them is 1; t is from 0 to 1; n is from 0 to 4; and p is from 0 to 2.) COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0493
(2016/10/07)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of selected benzimidazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents
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A library of 53 benzimidazole derivatives, with substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5, were synthesized and screened against a series of reference strains of bacteria and fungi of medical relevance. The SAR analyses of the most promising results showed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds depended on the substituents attached to the bicyclic heterocycle. In particular, some compounds displayed antibacterial activity against two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) comparable to the widely-used drug ciprofloxacin. The compounds have some common features; three possess 5-halo substituents; two are derivatives of (S)-2-ethanaminebenzimidazole; and the others are derivatives of one 2-(chloromethyl)-1Hbenzo[ d]imidazole and (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanethiol. The results from the antifungal screening were also very interesting: 23 compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activity against the selected fungal strains. They displayed equivalent or greater potency in their MIC values than amphotericin B. The 5-halobenzimidazole derivatives could be considered promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial candidates that deserve further study for potential therapeutic applications.
- Alasmary, Fatmah A.S.,Snelling, Anna M.,Zain, Mohammed E.,Alafeefy, Ahmed M.,Awaad, Amani S.,Karodia, Nazira
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supporting information
p. 15206 - 15223
(2015/09/21)
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- ANTI-FIBROTIC PYRIDINONES
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This application relates to polycyclic compounds with a pyridinone or pyridinone derivative core including, substituted pyridinones, 5,6- and 6,6- bicyclic heterocycles and substituted pyridine-thiones. This application also discloses methods of preparing these polycyclic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising said compounds and methods to treat, prevent or diagnose diseases, disorders or conditions associated with fibrosis.
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Paragraph 0990
(2015/11/02)
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- Gold-Catalyzed Reductive Transformation of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid: Mild, Efficient, and Versatile
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Developing new efficient catalytic systems to convert abundant and renewable feedstocks into valuable products in a compact, flexible, and target-specific manner is of high importance in modern synthetic chemistry. Here, we describe a versatile set of mild catalytic conditions utilizing a single gold-based solid catalyst that enables the direct and additive-free preparation of four distinct and important amine derivatives (amines, formamides, benzimidazoles, and dimethlyated amines) from readily available formic acid (FA) and nitro starting materials with high level of chemoselectivity. By controlling the stoichiometry of the employed FA, which has attracted considerable interest in the area of sustainable chemistry because of its potential as an entirely renewable hydrogen carrier and as a versatile C1 source, a facile atom- and step-efficient transformation of nitro compounds can be realized in a modular fashion. Renewable formic acid as a flexible feedstock: A versatile heterogeneous gold-based catalytic system has been developed for the controlled, flexible, and target-specific reductive transformation of nitro compounds using stoichiometric equivalents of formic acid as a key starting material under mild and convenient conditions. The overall operational simplicity, high chemoselectivity, functional-group tolerance, and reusability of the catalyst make this approach an attractive and reliable tool for organic and process chemists.
- Yu, Lei,Zhang, Qi,Li, Shu-Shuang,Huang, Jun,Liu, Yong-Mei,He, He-Yong,Cao, Yong
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p. 3029 - 3035
(2015/09/28)
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- Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: Virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination
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Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a potential drug target for diabetes and atherosclerosis. For discovering new chemical entities as FABP4 inhibitors, structure-based virtual screening (VS) was performed, bioassay demonstrated that 16 of 251 tested compounds are FABP4 inhibitors, among which compound m1 are more active than endogenous ligand linoleic acid (LA). Based on the structure of m1, new derivatives were designed and prepared, leading to the discovery of two more potent inhibitors, compounds 9 and 10. To further explore the binding mechanisms of these new inhibitors, we determined the X-ray structures of the complexes of FABP4-9 and FABP4-10, which revealed similar binding conformations of the two compounds. Residue Ser53 and Arg126 formed direct hydrogen bonding with the ligands. We also found that 10 could significantly reduce the levels of lipolysis on mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, in silico, in vitro and crystallographic data provide useful hints for future development of novel inhibitors against FABP4.
- Cai, Haiyan,Liu, Qiufeng,Gao, Dingding,Wang, Ting,Chen, Tiantian,Yan, Guirui,Chen, Kaixian,Xu, Yechun,Wang, Heyao,Li, Yingxia,Zhu, Weiliang
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p. 241 - 250
(2014/12/12)
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- Convenient two-step one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles using 2-nitroanilines and thiourea dioxide
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A new convenient method for the conversion of 2-nitroanilines into benzimidazoles by two-step one-pot procedure is reported. The procedure involves the reduction of nitro group followed by the intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding o-phenylenediamines utilising thiourea dioxide and sodium hydroxide at 70 °C in mixed solvents of H2O and EtOH (v/v, 3/1). The yields are good to excellent and the workup is simple.
- Pu, Shuai,Liang, Qiuxiang,Luo, Xi,Luo, Juan
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p. 118 - 120
(2014/03/21)
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- TREATMENT OF CANCERS HAVING K-RAS MUTATIONS
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The present invention provides a method of treating a cancer associated with a K-ras mutation in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises the steps of: (1) identifying a subject with a cancer associated with a K-ras mutation; and (2) administering to the subject (i) an inhibitor of PI3 kinase and (ii) an HDAC inhibitor, wherein the PI3 kinase inhibitor and the HDAC inhibitor are administered in amounts which together are therapeutically effective.
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Paragraph 0580; 0581
(2013/05/08)
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- SERINE/THREONINE PAK1 INHIBITORS
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Compounds having the formula I wherein A, Z, R1a, R1b, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R9, R10, Ra, Rb and n are as defined herein are inhibitors of PAK1. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for treating cancer and hyperproliferative disorders.
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Page/Page column 131
(2013/03/26)
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- Cyclization of o-phenylenediamines by CO2 in the presence of H2 for the synthesis of benzimidazoles
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The cyclization of o-phenylenediamines by CO2 in the presence of H2 was presented to directly synthesize benzimidazoles, and a series of benzimidazoles were obtained in excellent yields using RuCl 2(dppe)2 as the catalyst.
- Yu, Bo,Zhang, Hongye,Zhao, Yanfei,Chen, Sha,Xu, Jilei,Huang, Changliang,Liu, Zhimin
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supporting information
p. 95 - 99
(2013/02/25)
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- TREATMENT OF CANCERS HAVING K-RAS MUTATIONS
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The present invention provides a method of treating a cancer associated with a K- ras mutation in a subject in need thereof. The method comprises the steps of (1) identifying a subject with a cancer associated with a K-ras mutation; and (2) adminsiterign to the subject (i) an inhibitor of PI3 kinase and (ii) an HDAC inhibitor, wherein the PI3 kinase inhibitor and the HDAC inhibitor are administered in amounts which together are therapeutically effective.
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Page/Page column 228
(2011/11/01)
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- NOVEL COMPOUNDS AS ANTAGONISTS OR INVERSE AGONISTS FOR OPIOID RECEPTORS
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This invention relates to novel compounds which are antagonists or inverse agonists at one or more of the opioid receptors, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, to processes for their preparation, and to their use in therapy.
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Page/Page column 42
(2010/09/07)
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- NON-CYCLIC SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE THIOPHENE BENZYL ETHER COMPOUNDS
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The present invention provides benzimidazole thiophene compounds pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, processes for preparing the same and their use as pharmaceutical agents.
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Page/Page column 33
(2010/01/31)
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- Benzimidazole Thiophene Compounds
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The present invention provides benzimidazole thiophene compounds pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, processes for preparing the same and their use as pharmaceutical agents.
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Page/Page column 38
(2009/01/20)
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- BENZIMIDAZOLE THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS
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The present invention provides benzimidazole thiophene compounds pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, processes for preparing the same and their use as pharmaceutical agents.
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Page/Page column 88-89
(2008/06/13)
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- An efficient, rapid and regioselective nuclear bromination of aromatics and heteroaromatics with NBS using sulfonic-acid-functionalized silica as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst
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A simple, efficient and rapid method has been developed for high-yielding regioselective nuclear monobromination of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds using NBS in the presence of sulfonic-acid-functionalized silica at room temperature. The catalyst works under heterogeneous conditions and can be recycled.
- Das, Biswanath,Venkateswarlu, Katta,Krishnaiah, Maddeboina,Holla, Harish
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p. 8693 - 8697
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-Arylindoles as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists: Optimization of the tryptamine side chain
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A series of 2-arylindoles containing novel heteroaromatic substituents on the tryptamine tether, based on compound 1, was prepared and evaluated for their ability to act as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists. Successful modifications of 1 included chain length variation (reduction) and replacement of the pyridine with heteroaromatic groups. These alterations culminated in the discovery of compound 27kk which had excellent in vitro potency and oral efficacy in rodents.
- Young, Jonathan R.,Huang, Song X.,Walsh, Thomas F.,Wyvratt Jr., Matthew J.,Yang, Yi Tien,Yudkovitz, Joel B.,Cui, Jisong,Mount, George R.,Ren, Rena Ning,Wu, Tsuei-Ju,Shen, Xiaolan,Lyons, Kathryn A.,Mao, An-Hua,Carlin, Josephine R.,Karanam, Bindhu V.,Vincent, Stella H.,Cheng, Kang,Goulet, Mark T.
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p. 827 - 832
(2007/10/03)
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