- Methyl Scanning and Revised Binding Mode of 2-Pralidoxime, an Antidote for Nerve Agent Poisoning
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Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, despite the Chemical Weapons Convention arms control treaty, continue to represent a threat to both military personnel and civilians. 2-Pralidoxime (2-PAM) is currently the only therapeutic countermeasure approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treating OPNA poisoning. However, 2-PAM is not centrally active due to its hydrophilicity and resulting poor blood-brain barrier permeability; hence, these deficiencies warrant the development of more hydrophobic analogs. Specifically, gaps exist in previously published structure activity relationship (SAR) studies for 2-PAM, thereby making it difficult to rationally design novel analogs that are concomitantly more permeable and more efficacious. In this study, we methodically performed a methyl scan on the core pyridinium of 2-PAM to identify ring positions that could tolerate both additional steric bulk and hydrophobicity. Subsequently, SAR-guided molecular docking was used to rationalize hydropathically feasible binding modes for 2-PAM and the reported derivatives. Overall, the data presented herein provide new insights that may facilitate the rational design of more efficacious 2-PAM analogs.
- Gambino, Adriana,Burnett, James C.,Koide, Kazunori
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supporting information
p. 1893 - 1898
(2020/02/06)
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- A catalytic oxidation heterocyclic aromatic primary alcohol for the preparation of heterocyclic aromatic aldehyde
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The invention provides a method for preparing heterocyclic aromatic aldehyde by catalytically oxidizing heterocyclic aromatic primary alcohol. The method takes dioxovanadium nitrate as a catalyst and air as an oxidant; under a normal pressure condition, the heterocyclic aromatic primary alcohol is high-selectively oxidized into the heterocyclic aromatic aldehyde. The method provided by the invention has a high oxidization yield and a byproduct is water, so that the method is green, economical and environment-friendly; reaction conditions are moderate and the operation is simple. A catalysis system takes the air as the oxidant and non-metal metal as a catalyst, reaction conditions are moderate and the oxidization efficiency is high; the catalysis system is green and economical and can be used for efficiently catalyzing the heterocyclic aromatic primary alcohol into the corresponding heterocyclic aromatic aldehyde. Compared with a noble metal catalysis system and a catalysis system containing nitrogen-oxygen free radicals, the catalysis system has low oxidization reaction cost and has very high application value.
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Paragraph 0031; 0032
(2019/05/04)
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- Deuterium-Substituted Pyridin- And Pyrimidin-2-yl-Methylamine Compounds
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Described are deuterium-substituted pyridin- and pyrimidin-2-yl-methylamine compounds of structural Formula (I), which are agonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the deuterium-substituted pyridin- and pyrimidin-2-yl-methylamine compounds, and methods of use thereof.
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Paragraph 0326; 0327
(2018/04/14)
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- Cobalt(II)-based Metalloradical Activation of 2-(Diazomethyl)pyridines for Radical Transannulation and Cyclopropanation
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A new catalytic method for the denitrogenative transannulation/cyclopropanation of in-situ-generated 2-(diazomethyl)pyridines is described using a cobalt-catalyzed radical-activation mechanism. The method takes advantage of the inherent properties of a CoIII-carbene radical intermediate and is the first report of denitrogenative transannulation/cyclopropanation by a radical-activation mechanism, which is supported by various control experiments. The synthetic benefits of the metalloradical approach are showcased with a short total synthesis of (±)-monomorine.
- Roy, Satyajit,Das, Sandip Kumar,Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb
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supporting information
p. 2238 - 2243
(2018/02/19)
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- Confined Pyrolysis within Metal-Organic Frameworks to Form Uniform Ru3 Clusters for Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols
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Here we report a novel approach to synthesize atomically dispersed uniform clusters via a cage-separated precursor preselection and pyrolysis strategy. To illustrate this strategy, well-defined Ru3(CO)12 was separated as a precursor by suitable molecular-scale cages of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). After thermal treatment under confinement in the cages, uniform Ru3 clusters stabilized by nitrogen species (Ru3/CN) were obtained. Importantly, we found that Ru3/CN exhibits excellent catalytic activity (100% conversion), high chemoselectivity (100% for 2-aminobenzaldehyde), and significantly high turnover frequency (TOF) for oxidation of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol. The TOF of Ru3/CN (4320 h-1) is about 23 times higher than that of small-sized (ca. 2.5 nm) Ru particles (TOF = 184 h-1). This striking difference is attributed to a disparity in the interaction between Ru species and adsorbed reactants.
- Ji, Shufang,Chen, Yuanjun,Fu, Qiang,Chen, Yifeng,Dong, Juncai,Chen, Wenxing,Li, Zhi,Wang, Yu,Gu, Lin,He, Wei,Chen, Chen,Peng, Qing,Huang, Yu,Duan, Xiangfeng,Wang, Dingsheng,Draxl, Claudia,Li, Yadong
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supporting information
p. 9795 - 9798
(2017/08/02)
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- Electronic Effects on Narcissistic Self-Sorting in Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Fe-Iminopyridine meso-Helicates
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Small changes in the electron donating ability of coordinating groups have substantial effects on the multicomponent self-assembly of Fe (II)-iminopyridine-based meso-helicate complexes. Both the nature of the internal diamine core and the terminal formyl
- Wiley, Calvin A.,Holloway, Lauren R.,Miller, Tabitha F.,Lyon, Yana,Julian, Ryan. R.,Hooley, Richard J.
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supporting information
p. 9805 - 9815
(2016/10/13)
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- Optimized strategies to synthesize β-cyclodextrin-oxime conjugates as a new generation of organophosphate scavengers
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A new generation of organophosphate (OP) scavengers was obtained by synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-oxime derivatives 8-12. Selective monosubstitution of β-cyclodextrin was the main difficulty in order to access these compounds, because reaction onto the olig
- Le Provost, Romain,Wille, Timo,Louise, Ludivine,Masurier, Nicolas,Mueller, Susanne,Reiter, Georg,Renard, Pierre-Yves,Lafont, Olivier,Worek, Franz,Estour, Franois
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3026 - 3032
(2011/06/17)
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- HETEROARYL-SUBSTITUTED 2-PYRIDINYLMETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVES
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The present disclosure relates to compounds having the general formula (I) wherein Q represents a five membered heteroaryl group. The compoungs are selective 5-HT1 a modulators and are useful for treating several diseases.
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Page/Page column 38-39
(2009/06/27)
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- N-PHENYL HYDRAZIDES AS MODULATORS OF THE GHRELIN RECEPTOR
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The present invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein: each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CH3 and CF3; X is carbon or nitrogen; R1a is H or a straight C1-3 alkyl group; R2a is H or a methyl group R2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-3alkyl, H and -(CH2)n-, wherein n is 3 or 4 and the terminal carbon of the chain is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen bearing the R2 group, such that a fused 6,5 or 6,6-bicyclic ring is formed. Y is selected from the group consisting of: phenyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkoxy, halogen, C1-3alkyl substituted by 1 to 7 fluoro atoms and C1-3alkoxy substituted by 1 to 7 fluoro atoms; pyridyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C1-3alkyl, OCH3, CF3, CN, and halogen; naphthyl which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of F and OCH3; pyrimidinyl; imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-yl; benzothiophen-2-yl; benzothiophen-5-yl; benzofuran-2-yl; dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-yl; dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-yl; dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl; 1,3- benzodioxol-5-yl; 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl; 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl; 2,3- dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl; 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodiox-4-yl; pyridazinyl; imidazolyl; oxazolyl; pyrazolyl; thiazolyl; and triazolyl; with the proviso that when Y is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl, R1 is not Cl; processes for their preparation, intermediates useble in these processes, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, for example as modulators of of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (also referred to as the ghrelin receptor or GHSR1a receptor) and/or for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disorder mediated by the ghrelin receptor.
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Page/Page column 172-173
(2009/01/24)
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- The mechanism of the (bispidine)copper(ii)-catalyzed aziridination of styrene: A combined experimental and theoretical study
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Experimental and DFT-based computational results on the aziridination mechanism and the catalytic activity of (bispidine)copper(I) and -copper(II) complexes are reported and discussed (bispidine = tetra- or pentadentate 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]-nonane derivative with two or three aromatic N donors in addition to the two tertiary amines). There is a correlation between the redox potential of the copper(II/I) couple and the activity of the catalyst. The most active catalyst studied, which has the most positive redox potential among all (bispidine)-copper(II) complexes, performs 180 turnovers in 30 min. A detailed hybrid density functional theory (DFT) study provides insight into the structure, spin state, and stability of reactive intermediates and transition states, the oxidation state of the copper center, and the denticity of the nitrene source. Among the possible pathways for the formation of the aziridine product, the stepwise formation of the two N-C bonds is shown to be preferred, which also follows from experimental results. Although the triplet state of the catalytically active copper nitrene is lowest in energy, the two possible spin states of the radical intermediate are practically degenerate, and there is a spin crossover at this stage because the triplet energy barrier to the singlet product is exceedingly high.
- Comba, Peter,Lang, Carolin,De Laorden, Carlos Lopez,Muruganantham, Amsaveni,Rajaraman, Gopalan,Wadepohl, Hubert,Zajaczkowski, Marta
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experimental part
p. 5313 - 5328
(2009/05/27)
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- BASIC AMINE COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF
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Novel amine compounds which are represented by the following formula (1) and efficacious against diseases such as a viral infectious disease with HIV, rheumatism, and cancer metastasis; typically, A 1 and A 2 represent a hydrogen atom or a substitutable monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring and W represents a substitutable benzene ring or any group represented by the following formula (10) or (11): where X represents O, CH 2 , C(=O), NR 11 , or CHR 35 and D represents a group represented by the following formula (6): where Q represents a single bond, NR 12 , or a group represented by the formula (13): and Y represents a group represented by the following formula (7) : where z represents a substitutable monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring; and B represents -NR 25 R 26 ; and R 1 to R 26 in the above formulae represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an alkynyl group.
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Page/Page column 45
(2010/11/24)
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- AMINE COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF
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It is intended to provide novel amine compounds which are efficacious against diseases such as infection with HIV virus, rheumatism and cancer metastasis. Namely, amine compounds represented by the following general formula (1):In a typical case, A1 and A2 represent each an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic heterocycle; W represents cyclic C3-10 alkylene, an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic heterocycle, a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring or a partly saturated polycyclic aromatic ring; X represents O, CH2, C(=O) or NR11; and D is a group represented by the following general formula (4) or (6).-Q-Y-BIn the formula (6), Q represents a single bond, S, O or NR12; and Y is a group represented by the following general formula (7). z represents an optionally substituted monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring. In the formula (6), B represents NR25R26. In the above formulae, R1 to R26 each represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl.
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Page/Page column 65
(2010/02/12)
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- Preparation and antioxidant activity of α-pyridoin and its derivatives
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Focusing on α-pyridoin (1, 1,2-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2-ethenediol) as the lead compound of the novel antioxidative enediol, we synthesized 5,5′- or 6,6′-bis-substituted derivatives of 1 from disubstituted pyridines. The antioxidant activity of 1 and its synthetic derivatives 2-7 was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In the DPPH assay, 1 exhibited an activity stronger than that of ascorbic acid, and 5,5′-dimethyl-(5) or 5,5′-dimethoxy- substituted derivatives (6) exhibited more potent activity than 1. The DPPH scavenging activities of α-pyridoins were correlated with their oxidation potential and thus the electron density of enediol. 5 and 6 effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation in the rat liver microsome/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system. Therefore, 5 and 6 serve as good candidates for a pharmacologically useful enediol antioxidant.
- Hatanaka, Masashi,Takahashi, Kyoko,Nakamura, Shigeo,Mashino, Tadahiko
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p. 6763 - 6770
(2007/10/03)
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- NOVEL NITROGENOUS COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF
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A novel nitrogen-containing compound effective against diseases such as HIV viral infectious diseases, rheumatism, and cancerous metastasis. It is a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1). In the formula, A typically represents a group represented by the formula (2) (A1 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted, mono- or polycyclic, heteroaromatic or aromatic ring; G1 is a single bond or a hydrocarbon group represented by the following formula (3) wherein R1, R2, and R3 may be optionally substituted hydrocarbon groups); W is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic ring; x is -C(=O)NH-; y is -C(=O)-; and D1 is hydrogen atom, alkyl having a polycyclic aromatic ring, di (substituted alkyl)amine, or alicyclic amine.
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- NEW COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to new compounds of formula I, wherein P Q X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 R R1 R2 R3 R4R5 G M1 M2 M3 m and n are defined as in formula I, a process for their preparation and new intermediates prepared therein, pharmaceutical formulations containing said compounds and to the use of said compounds in therapy.
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- Substituted 2-acylpyridine-α-(N)-hetarlyhydrazones and medicaments containing the same
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Substituted 2-acylpyridine-α-(N)-hetarylhydrazones are described, which are suitable as active substances for the treatment of antimicrobial and in particular antimycobacterial diseases, as well as active substances for the treatment of malaria or malignant tumours. The compounds have a marked synergistic activity combined with inhibitors of folate synthase, dihydrofolic acid reductase, DNA-synthesis and RNA-synthesis.
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- REACTIVITY OF METHYL DERIVATIVES OF NITROGENOUS HETEROCYCLES IN VAPOR-PHASE CATALYTIC OXIDATION
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A study has been made of the reactivity of methylpyridines, methylpyrazines, and methylquinolines in oxidation in the vapor phase in the presence of β-VO(PO3)2.Relationships have been found between the overall reaction rates of heterocyclic compounds and the charge on the ring nitrogen, and between the partial oxidation rate and the charge on the ring carbon atom adjacent to the methyl group.The partial oxidation rate of methylpyridines is given to a first approximation by the Hammett-type expression lnWa = -3.5 + 4.6 Σ?, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93.
- Leitis, L. Ya.,Skolmeistere, R. A.,Golender, L. O.,Yansone, D. P.,Meksh, P. A.,Shimanskaya, M. V.
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