- Influence of the hydrophobic groups on quaternary ammonium additives for copper electrodeposition
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A series of quaternary ammonium compounds with different hydrophobic groups as spacers were synthesized. The influence of the hydrophobic groups on the additives for copper electrodeposition was investigated using a galvanostatic measurement on a RDE electrode. The increase of the length of the alkyl chain within the compounds enhances the suppressing capability. The introduction of a hydroxyl group or a phenyl ring into the hydrophobic groups in the molecular structures reduces the suppressing capacity. The results obtained from SEM measurements indicate that the presence of the quaternary ammonium compounds in the electrolytes may produce regular and relative leveling morphologies of copper deposits. The via-filling experiments without SPS exhibit that an almost complete filling was achieved for compound 1d (C6 alkyl chain as a hydrophobic group), whereas a bad filling was obtained for compound 1a (C3-OH chain as a hydrophobic group). With SPS, the vias were perfectly filled both for compound 1a and 1d. However, the initial increment of growth was still conformal for the compound 1a. These results indicate the influence of the hydrophobic groups of the quaternary ammonium compounds on the filling behaviors and they are in agreement with the galvanostatic measurements at different electrode rotation speeds.
- Wang, Wenjing,Hua, Hanyong,Yin, Li,He, Yanfeng
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- B12H11-containing guanidinium derivatives by reaction of carbodiimides with H3N-B12H11(1-). a new method for connecting boron clusters to organic compounds
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The reaction of B12H11NH3(1-) with carbodiimides can form guanidinium salts containing the boron cluster. Depending on the side chains of the carbodiimide, these derivatives of the B 12H12(2-) cluster can be uncharged or can carry an overall positive or negative charge. This reaction allows the preparation of B12H11NH3- derivatives with aliphatic side chains, in contrast to the acylation reaction of B12H11NH3- and the formation of Schiff bases, both of which are successful only with aromatic acid chlorides or aromatic, respectively, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The acylation of B12H11NH3- with benzoyl chloride gives an N-protonated form of an imidoacid, carrying a single overall charge.
- Hoffmann, Sascha,Justus, Eugen,Ratajski, Michal,Lork, Enno,Gabel, Detlef
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- Method for synthesizing 1, 3-bi [3-(dimethylamino) propyl] urea
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 1, 3-bi [3-(dimethylamino) propyl] urea, which comprises the following steps: 1, taking urea and N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene diamine and mixing in acertain ratio, adding a protective reagent, heating to 105-150 DEG C for reaction; wherein the protective agent is selected from one or more of hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives; 2, removing unreacted N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propylenediamine to obtain the desired product 1, 3-bi [3-(dimethylamino) propyl] urea. The protective reagent slowly decomposes into a reducing ammonia gas under the reaction heating condition, protects the reaction product, and reduces the possibility of oxidation of the product. The synthesis method can directly obtain a colorless product without nitrogen protection, without further purification or refining, and the product can also be directly used as a raw material for further reaction. The method has low requirements on reaction conditions, simple equipment, and cansignificantly reduce the production cost of the target compound, and is suitable for producing a small amount and a large amount of 1, 3-bi [3-(dimethylamino) propyl] urea.
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Paragraph 0023-0041
(2019/07/08)
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- Synthetic process for N,N'-bi(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea
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The invention discloses a synthetic process for N,N'-bi(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea. The synthetic process comprises the following steps: firstly dissolving N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane in an organic solvent, reacting with bi(trichloromethyl)carbonate to obtain hydrochloride of the N,N'-bi(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea; and adding alkaline liquor for neutralizing, so as to obtain an N,N'-bi(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea water solution, and removing the solvent through azeotropic water separation, filtration desalination and distillation, so as to obtain a target product of the N,N'-bi(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea. The synthetic process is high in product yield, high in purity, simple and convenient in operation, and less in three wastes, and suitable for industrial application.
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Paragraph 0027-0056
(2020/04/02)
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- NOVEL CYCLIC AMINE COMPOUND, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYURETHANE RESIN USING SAME
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To provide a novel cyclic amine compound and a process for producing a polyurethane resin by using it. A3-hydroxy-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane represented by the following formula (1), and a process for producing a polyurethane resin by using a catalyst for producing a polyurethane resin, which contains the 3-hydroxy-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. When the compound represented by the formula (1) has optical isomers, diastereomers or geometric isomers, the compound includes both a mixture of any of them and an isolated isomer of any of them. [in the above formula (1), each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl group or a C1-4 alkoxy group.]
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Paragraph 0149; 0150
(2013/11/19)
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- DIALLYL DICARBONATE. A CONVENIENT REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALLYL CARBAMATES
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Diallyldicarbonate was prepared and used for the amino protection of various compounds including amino acids, amino sugars and nucleosides.
- Sennyey, Gerard,Barcelo, Gerard,Senet,Jean-Pierre
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p. 5809 - 5810
(2007/10/02)
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