- Rh Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes under Mild Conditions: Understanding the Functional Groups Attached to the Nanoparticles
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Modifying the surface of metal catalyst is a crucial subject for improving the heterogeneous metal catalysts. It is still a great challenge to understand the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between the surface supporting groups and the metal particles. Herein, Rh NPs supported on the magnetic silica sphere with various functional groups (?NH2, ?SH, ?SO3H, ?N=CH2, ?Cl, ?NHCOCH3 and ?NHCH2Ph) have been prepared for catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes under atmospheric pressure at room temperature. We discover that the chemical state of Rh NPs depends on the supporting groups significantly. The electron-donating functionalities can effectively elevate the Rh0/Rh3+ ratio, which increase the catalytic performance both in conversion and selectivity. The amino group decorated catalyst has such a good selectivity that no dechlorination reaction is observable in the hydrogenation of 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine. What's more, by introducing magnetic Fe3O4 nuclei and mesoporous silica encapsulating layer, the catalyst can be recovered conveniently by an external magnet, and can be reused 10 cycles without any loss of activity.
- Tian, Haimeng,Zhou, Junjie,Li, Yunong,Wang, Yiming,Liu, Lei,Ai, Yongjian,Hu, Ze-Nan,Li, Jifan,Guo, Rongxiu,Liu, Zhibo,Sun, Hong-bin,Liang, Qionglin
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Read Online
- METHOD OF REDUCING AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
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A method for reducing a substrate selected from 2-methyl-5-nitropyridine and methyl 4-(2-fluoro-3-nitrobenzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate is provided catalysed by a nitroreductase and a disproportionation agent.
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Paragraph 0332; 0345
(2022/02/26)
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- Palladated composite of Cu-BDC MOF and perlite as an efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes
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A novel composite of metal-organic framework and perlite is prepared through hydrothermal treatment of terephthalic acid and Cu(NO3)2·3H2O in the presence of perlite. The resulting composite was then utilized as a support for the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles. The obtained compound was characterized via XRD, TGA, ICP, FTIR, TEM, FE-SEM/EDS and elemental mapping analysis and applied as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild reaction condition. The results approved that the catalyst could efficiently promote hydrogenation of various nitroarenes with different electronic densities and steric properties. Moreover, the catalyst showed high selectivity towards hydrogenation of nitro groups. Hot filtration test affirmed heterogeneous nature of catalysis. Furthermore, the present catalytic composite was highly recyclable with low Pd leaching. A comparative study also approved superior activity of the composite compared to palladated perlite and metal-organic framework.
- Koohestani, Fatemeh,Sadjadi, Samahe
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- Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of naphthopyrone derivatives
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Coumarins are naturally evolving molecules that have a wide variety of activities. In medical chemistry and chemical biology, their structural and physicochemical properties make them a suitable scaffold. Herein, we designed and synthesized novel coumarin analogues-7-O-substituted pyridyl-4-methyl naphthopyrone derivatives and initially evaluated their anti-cancer activity. RTCA profiling reveals that compounds 6, 7 and 8, in particular 7, possess stronger in vitro cytotoxicity for A549 cells. All synthesized compounds have been characterized by 1H NMR spectra, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry.
- Wang, Ming,Jiang, Shikun,Liu, Minrui,Xu, Ling,Narva, Suresh,Awadasseid, Annoor,Wu, Yanling,Zhang, Wen
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supporting information
(2021/05/10)
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- Copper(II) complex with oxazoline ligand: Synthesis, structures and catalytic activity for nitro compounds reduction
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The Cu(II) complexes bearing bisoxazolines, tridentate pincer pybox and terpyridine ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized. The molecular structures of copper complexes 1a and 1c were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These copper complexes highly catalyzed nitro compounds reduction to aniline and its derivatives in the presence of NaBH4 reducing agent in water solvent. The complex 1e was an efficient catalyst toward nitro compounds reduction with wide functional group substrate scope and aliphatic nitro compounds.
- Du, Jun,Gao, Li-Li,Jia, Wei-Guo,Li, Mei,Zhi, Xue-Ting
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- Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes with pyridine/phenylene bridged NHC = E (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, E = S, Se) ligands
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Three half-sandwichruthenium(II) complexes with pyridine/phenylene bridged NHC = E (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, E = S, Se) ligands [Ru(p-cymene)L](PF6)1–2 (1a–1c, L = ligand) were synthesized and characterized. All ruthenium complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, and single-crystalX-ray diffraction methods. Moreover, the half-sandwich ruthenium complexes with NHC = E ligands showed highly catalytic activities towards to the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R–NO2 to R–NH2 at 353 K in water.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Du, Teng-Teng,Gao, Li-Li,Du, Jun
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- Commercially Available CuO Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Using Ammonia Borane as a Hydrogen Source
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Tandem ammonia borane dehydrogenation and nitroarenes hydrogenation has been reported as a novel strategy for the preparation of aromatic amines. However, the practical application of this strategy is subjected to the high-cost and tedious preparation of supported noble metal nanocatalysts. The commercially available CuO powder is herein demonstrated to be a robust catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes using ammonia borane as a hydrogen source under mild conditions. Numerous amines (even sterically hindered, halogenated, and diamines) could be obtained through this method. This monometallic catalyst is characteristic of support-free, excellent chemoselectivity, low-cost, and high recyclability, which will favor its future utilization in preparative reduction chemistry. Mechanistic studies are also carried out to clarify that diazene and azoxybenzene are key intermediates of this heterogeneous reduction.
- Du, Jialei,Chen, Jie,Xia, Hehuan,Zhao, Yiwei,Wang, Fang,Liu, Hong,Zhou, Weijia,Wang, Bin
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p. 2426 - 2430
(2020/03/30)
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- Half-sandwich ruthenium complexes with Schiff base ligands bearing a hydroxyl group: Preparation, characterization and catalytic activities
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Three half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes with hydroxyl group functionalized Schiff-base ligands [Ru(p-cymene)LCl] (2a-2c) have been synthesized and characterized. All ruthenium complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. The molecular structure of ruthenium complex 2c was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Furthermore, these half-sandwich ruthenium complexes were found to exhibit high catalytic activity for nitro compounds reduction using NaBH4 reducing agent in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in water at room temperature.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Wang, Zhi-Bao,Zhi, Xue-Ting
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- Method for preparing aromatic amine compounds from aromatic nitro compounds by catalytic reduction of nano porous gold catalyst
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The invention discloses a method for preparing aromatic amine compounds from aromatic nitro compounds by catalytic reduction of a nano porous gold catalyst. The nano porous gold catalyst and the aromatic nitro compounds are taken as substrates and subjected to a reaction in methanol with ammonia borane as a hydrogen source at the room temperature, and a product is obtained. The high probability ofagglomeration of conventional granular catalysts is prevented, the nano porous gold catalyst shows excellent structural stability and good recycling efficiency, has excellent universality, especiallyfor the aromatic nitro compounds, and has green and mild catalytic conditions, high yield and good selectivity. The yield of m-nitroaniline from m-nitrotoluene can reach 98%. Moreover, the catalyst can be centrifugally recovered and can be recycled without other treatment, the yield of preparing m-nitroaniline from m-nitrotoluene by catalyzing can still reach 88% after being recycled five times,and thus, waste is effectively avoided. The catalyst shows high activity during the reaction and excellent stability under the reaction conditions.
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Paragraph 0024; 0025
(2019/07/04)
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- BF3·SMe2 for Thiomethylation, Nitro Reduction and Tandem Reduction/SMe Insertion of Nitrogen Heterocycles
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Herein, a general, solvent-free and straightforward thiomethylation of electron deficient heterocycles using BF3·SMe2 as a dual thiomethyl source and Lewis acidic activator is presented. A range of heterocycles including pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, thiazole and purine derivatives were successfully substituted using this method. An unexpected reductive property of BF3·SMe2 towards nitropyridines was also discovered including an intriguing tandem reduction/SMe insertion process in certain substrates. Notable features of the present work include its convenience and use of a non-malodorous reagent while the discovery of novel chemical transformations using BF3·SMe2 provides fundamental new insights into the reactivity of this commonly employed reagent.
- S?derstr?m, Marcus,Zamaratski, Edouard,Odell, Luke R.
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p. 5402 - 5408
(2019/06/27)
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- A Mild, DNA-compatible nitro reduction using B2(OH)4
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A hypodiboric acid system for the reduction of nitro groups on DNA-chemical conjugates has been developed. This transformation provided good to excellent yields of the reduced amine product for a variety of functionalized aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitro compounds. DNA tolerance to reaction conditions, extension to decigram scale reductions, successful use in a DNA-encoded chemical library synthesis, and subsequent target selection are also described.
- Du, Huang-Chi,Simmons, Nicholas,Faver, John C.,Yu, Zhifeng,Palaniappan, Murugesan,Riehle, Kevin,Matzuk, Martin M.
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supporting information
p. 2194 - 2199
(2019/03/26)
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- Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activities of Palladium Complexes with Phenylene-Bridged Bis(thione) Ligands
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The neutral phenylene-bridged bis(thione) compounds, 1,3-bis(3′-ethylimidazolyl-2′-thione)benzene (Betb), 1,3-bis(3′-butylimidazolyl-2′-thione)benzene (Bbtb), and 1,3-bis(3′-allylimidazolyl-2′-thione)benzene (Batb), have been synthesized and characterized. Reactions of palladium precursor PdCl2(CH3CN)2 with phenylene-bridged bis(thione) ligands in 1:2 ratio resulted in the formation of the complexes: PdCl2(L)2 (L = Betb, 3a; L = Bbtb, 3b; L = Batb, 3c, respectively). In contrast, treatment of the ligands with PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in 1:1 ratio gave cyclometalation palladium complexes Pd2+Cl(L-) (L = Betb-H, 4a; L = Bbtb-H, 4b; L = Batb-H, 4c) through the metal-induced C-H activation. Complexes 4a-c can also be obtained by the reaction of bis(thione) ligands and PdCl2 in 1:1 ratio. The reaction of 3a-c with additional PdCl2(CH3CN)2 also afforded complexes 4a-c. All ligands and palladium complexes were fully characterized by one-/two-dimensional NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. And the molecular structures of 3a-c, 4a, and 4c have been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Furthermore, the detailed spectroscopic properties and catalytic activities of the complexes for the reduction of nitro compounds were discussed in terms of the modification of the coordination ligands to the center metal.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Gao, Li-Li,Wang, Zhi-Bao,Sun, Li-Ying,Han, Ying-Feng
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p. 1946 - 1954
(2019/05/08)
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- A ruthenium bisoxazoline complex as a photoredox catalyst for nitro compound reduction under visible light
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An unreported ruthenium(ii) complex containing bisoxazoline ligands has been synthesized and characterized. To test the catalytic ability of the ruthenium complex, the synthesis of anilines from nitro compounds in the presence of a mild reducing agent sodium borohydride and visible light has been developed. Mechanistic studies involving the experiment and DFT calculations suggest that the reaction could involve a radical pathway with the assistance of a photoredox catalyst.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Cheng, Ming-Xia,Gao, Li-Li,Tan, Siu Min,Wang, Chao,Liu, Xiaogang,Lee, Richmond
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supporting information
p. 9949 - 9953
(2019/07/15)
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- Half-Sandwich Ruthenium Phenolate-Oxazoline Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarene
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In this work, five ruthenium complexes [Ru(p-cymene)LCl] containing phenolate-oxazoline ligands [L = 2-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol (1); L = 2-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol (2); L = 2-(4-ethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol (3); L = 2-(4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol (4); and 2-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenol (5)] were synthesized and characterized. The solid-state structures of all ruthenium complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The catalytic activities of these complexes in the transfer hydrogenation reaction of nitroarene to aniline were investigated. Aniline and their derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields with isopropanol as the hydride source. The present protocol provides an environmentally benign synthetic method for the reduction of nitroarenes to anilines without employing harsh reaction conditions. Theoretical studies employing density functional theory were carried with the aim to propose a feasible reaction mechanism and to draw insights into the reactivity of the half-sandwich ruthenium catalyst.
- Jia, Wei-Guo,Ling, Shuo,Zhang, Hai-Ning,Sheng, En-Hong,Lee, Richmond
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- Hexafluoro-2-propanol-assisted quick and chemoselective nitro reduction using iron powder as catalyst under mild conditions
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Hexafluoro-2-propanol as the promoter for the quick nitro reduction using a combination of iron powder and 2 N HCl aqueous solution is reported. This methodology has several positive features, as it is of room temperature, remarkably short reaction time. A wide range of substrates including those bearing reducible functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone, acid, ester, amide, nitrile, halogens, even allyl, propargyl and heterocycles are chemoselectively reduced in good to excellent yields, even on gram scale. Notably, the highly selective reduction of 3-nitrophenylboronic acid is achieved quantitatively. The reduction is also tolerant of common protecting groups, and aliphatic nitro compound, 1-nitrooctane can be reduced successfully.
- Chen, Xu-Ling,Ai, Bai-Ru,Dong, Yu,Zhang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ji-Yu
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supporting information
p. 3646 - 3649
(2017/08/23)
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- Carbonyl Iron Powder: A Reagent for Nitro Group Reductions under Aqueous Micellar Catalysis Conditions
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An especially mild, safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible reduction of aromatic and heteroaromatic nitro-group-containing educts is reported that utilizes very inexpensive carbonyl iron powder (CIP), a highly active commercial grade of iron powder. These reductions are conducted in the presence of nanomicelles composed of TPGS-750-M in water, a recyclable aqueous micellar reaction medium. This new technology also shows broad scope and scalability and presents opportunities for multistep one-pot sequences involving this reducing agent.
- Lee, Nicholas R.,Bikovtseva, Agata A.,Cortes-Clerget, Margery,Gallou, Fabrice,Lipshutz, Bruce H.
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supporting information
p. 6518 - 6521
(2017/12/26)
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- A Ruthenium(II) Complex as a Luminescent Probe for DNA Mismatches and Abasic Sites
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[Ru(bpy)2(BNIQ)]2+ (BNIQ = Benzo[c][1,7]naphthyridine-1-isoquinoline), which incorporates the sterically expansive BNIQ ligand, is a highly selective luminescent probe for DNA mismatches and abasic sites, possessing a 500-fold higher binding affinity toward these destabilized regions relative to well-matched base pairs. As a result of this higher binding affinity, the complex exhibits an enhanced steady-state emission in the presence of DNA duplexes containing a single base mismatch or abasic site compared to fully well-matched DNA. Luminescence quenching experiments with Cu(phen)22+ and [Fe(CN)6]3- implicate binding of the complex to a mismatch from the minor groove via metalloinsertion. The emission response of the complex to different single base mismatches, binding preferentially to the more destabilized mismatches, is also consistent with binding by metalloinsertion. This work shows that high selectivity toward destabilized regions in duplex DNA can be achieved through the rational design of a complex with a sterically expansive aromatic ligand.
- Boynton, Adam N.,Marcélis, Lionel,McConnell, Anna J.,Barton, Jacqueline K.
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p. 8381 - 8389
(2017/07/22)
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- Graphene-Supported NiPd Alloy Nanoparticles for Effective Catalysis of Tandem Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane and Hydrogenation of Nitro/Nitrile Compounds
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Monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and assembled on graphene (G) or other support to provide clean, efficient catalysis of tandem reactions—dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R—NO2 and/or R—CN to R—NH2. The tandem reactions proceed quickly and with high efficiency in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature, and the supported catalyst is readily recovered for re-use, providing a simple, efficient and ‘green’ route to the preparation of many common pharmaceutical, dye or other chemical products. NiPd alloy NPs of 3.4 nanometer size were prepared by co-reduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(II) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposited on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. The G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni30Pd70 being the most active. A variety of R—NO2 and/or R—CN derivatives (R alkyl or aryl) were reduced selectively into R—NH2 via G-Ni30Pd70 catalyzed tandem reaction in short (5-30 minute) reaction times with conversion yields reaching up to 100%, demonstrating a new approach to G-NiPd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of AB and hydrogenation of R—NO2 and R—CN. The G-NiPd NP catalyst is efficient and is reusable; thus the reaction can be performed in an environment-friendly process with short reaction times and high yields.
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Paragraph 0022
(2016/10/17)
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- Effective Hydrogenation of Haloaromatic Nitro Compounds Catalysed by Iridium Nanoparticles Deposited on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
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Iridium nanoparticles immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes composites were synthesized using anhydrous iridium trichloride as a precursor. The as-prepared composites were applied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of haloaromatic nitro compounds at room temperature and balloon hydrogen pressure in a methanol/water mixture, showing a selectivity of 99.9% to p-chloroaniline at complete conversion of p-chloronitrobenzene. Moreover, the catalysts also exhibited excellent catalytic properties for the reactants with electron-accepting, electron-donating, and heterocycle groups. The high activity and selectivity of the catalyst was probably attributed to the interaction such as competitive adsorption and hydrogen bonding between solvent water and reactants.
- Li, Hua-Bin,Liu, Lu,Ma, Xiao-Yan
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p. 1499 - 1505
(2016/06/09)
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- FePd alloy nanoparticles assembled on reduced graphene oxide as a catalyst for selective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines using ammonia borane as a hydrogen source
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Addressed herein is a facile protocol for the synthesis and assembly of FePd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to catalyze transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines under ambient conditions. 3.5 nm FePd NPs were synthesized by using a surfactant-assisted co-reduction method that allowed NP composition control. FePd NPs were then assembled on rGO via a liquid-phase self-assembly method and studied as catalysts to promote hydrogen transfer from ammonia borane (AB) to numerous nitroarenes in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature. Among three different rGO-FePd, the commercial C-Pd and rGO-Pd catalysts tested, rGO-Fe48Pd52 showed the highest efficiency in converting nitroarenes to anilines, achieving >90% yields within 10-20 min of reactions. Our work demonstrates an efficient and selective approach to transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines.
- Metin, ?nder,Mendoza-Garcia, Adriana,Dalmizrak, Di?dem,Gültekin, Mehmet Serdar,Sun, Shouheng
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p. 6137 - 6143
(2016/08/05)
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- Recyclable aluminium oxy-hydroxide supported Pd nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds via sodium borohydride hydrolysis
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The reduction of aromatic/aliphatic nitro compounds to primary amines with high yields was easily realized by transfer hydrogenation comprising commercially available aluminium oxy-hydroxide-supported Pd nanoparticles (0.5 wt% Pd, Pd/AlO(OH)) as catalysts and NaBH4 as the hydrogen reservoir at room temperature in a water/methanol mixture (v/v = 7/3). The presented catalytic methodology is highly efficient for the reduction of various nitro compounds as well as reusable. A variety of R-NO2 derivatives were tested by performing the Pd/AlO(OH) catalysed reduction reaction and all the nitro compounds were selectively reduced to their corresponding primary amines in reaction times ranging from 0.75 to 13 min with yields reaching up to 99%. This process can be assessed as an eco-friendly method involving both reusable catalysts (Pd/AlO(OH) NPs) and hydrogen sources (NaBH4).
- G?ksu, Haydar
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p. 8498 - 8504
(2015/11/10)
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- Selective conversion of nitroarenes using a carbon nanotube-ruthenium nanohybrid
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Ruthenium nanoparticles were assembled on carbon nanotubes and the resulting nanohybrid was used in the hydrazine-mediated catalytic hydrogenation of various nitroarenes, at room temperature. Depending on the solvent, a selective transformation occurred, giving either access to the corresponding aniline or hydroxylamine derivative.
- Jawale, Dhanaji V.,Gravel, Edmond,Boudet, Caroline,Shah, Nimesh,Geertsen, Valérie,Li, Haiyan,Namboothiri, Irishi N. N.,Doris, Eric
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supporting information
p. 1739 - 1742
(2015/03/03)
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- Selective reduction of halogenated nitroarenes with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Pd/C
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A large variety of halogenated nitroarenes have been selectively reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Pd/C to give the corresponding (halogenated) anilines in good yield.
- Li, Fang,Frett, Brendan,Li, Hong-Yu
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p. 1403 - 1408
(2014/06/23)
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- Tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and hydrogenation of nitro/nitrile compounds catalyzed by graphene-supported NiPd alloy nanoparticles
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We report a facile synthesis of monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their assembly on graphene (G) to catalyze the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and/or R-CN to R-NH2 in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature. The 3.4 nm NiPd alloy NPs were prepared by coreduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(II) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposition on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni 30Pd70 being the most active. A variety of R-NO 2 and/or R-CN derivatives were reduced selectively into R-NH 2 via G-Ni30Pd70 catalyzed tandem reaction in 5-30 min reaction time with the conversion yields reaching up to 100%. Our study demonstrates a new approach to G-NiPd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of AB and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and R-CN. The G-NiPd NP catalyst is efficient and reusable, and the reaction can be performed in an environment-friendly process with short reaction times and high yields.
- Goeksu, Haydar,Ho, Sally Fae,Metin, Oender,Korkmaz, Katip,Mendoza Garcia, Adriana,Gueltekin, Mehmet Serdar,Sun, Shouheng
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p. 1777 - 1782
(2014/06/24)
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- Metal-free transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes in water with vasicine: Revelation of organocatalytic facet of an abundant alkaloid
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Vasicine, an abundantly available quinazoline alkaloid from the leaves of Adhatoda vasica, has been successfully employed for metal- and base-free reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines in water. The method is chemoselective and tolerates a wide range of reducible functional groups, such as ketones, nitriles, esters, halogens, and heterocyclic rings. Dinitroarenes reduced selectively to the corresponding nitroanilines under the present reaction conditions.
- Sharma, Sushila,Kumar, Manoranjan,Kumar, Vishal,Kumar, Neeraj
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p. 9433 - 9439
(2014/12/11)
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- Iron and palladium(II) phthalocyanines as recyclable catalysts for reduction of nitroarenes
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Iron(II) and palladium(II) phthalocyanines have been established as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding amines using diphenylsilane/sodium borohydride as hydrogen sources in ethanol. Various reducible functional groups, such as acetyl, ester, cyano, amide, sulphonamide and carboxylic acid etc. were well tolerated, and the methods were applicable up to gram scale. Mechanistic studies showed that reduction of nitro group proceed through direct (nitroso) pathway and possibly iron or palladium phthalocyanines activates nitro group for reduction. FePc and PdPc also catalyzed the generation of hydrogen from the combination of diphenylsilane/sodium borohydride and ethanol.
- Verma, Praveen Kumar,Bala, Manju,Thakur, Kavita,Sharma, Upendra,Kumar, Neeraj,Singh, Bikram
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p. 1258 - 1267
(2014/07/21)
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- TRI-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION PROCESS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives, preparation process and uses thereof, specifically relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation process, and further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and their pharmaceutical use as inhibitors of kinase.
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Paragraph 0124; 0394
(2014/11/13)
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- TRI-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION PROCESS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives, preparation process and uses thereof, specifically relates to a tri-heterocyclic derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation process, and further relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising compounds of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and their pharmaceutical use as inhibitors of kinase
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Page/Page column 45; 46
(2013/07/05)
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- Selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitro groups in the presence of activated heteroaryl halides
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Chemoselective reduction of nitro groups in the presence of activated heteroaryl halides was achieved via catalytic hydrogenation with a commercially available sulfided platinum catalyst. The optimized conditions employ low temperature, pressure, and catalyst loading (0.1 mol % Pt) to afford heteroaromatic amines with minimal hydrodehalogenation byproducts.
- Kasparian, Annie J.,Savarin, Cecile,Allgeier, Alan M.,Walker, Shawn D.
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scheme or table
p. 9841 - 9844
(2012/01/06)
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- N -pyridyl and pyrimidine benzamides as KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel openers for the treatment of epilepsy
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A series of N-pyridyl benzamide KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel openers were identified and found to be active in animal models of epilepsy and pain. The best compound 12 [ICA-027243, N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide] has an EC50 of 0.38 μM and is selective for KCNQ2/Q3 channels. This compound was active in several rodent models of epilepsy and pain but upon repeated dosing had a number of unacceptable toxicities that prevented further development. On the basis of the structure-activity relationships developed around 12, a second compound, 51, [N-(2-chloro-pyrimidin-5-yl)-3,4-difluoro- benzamide, ICA-069673], was prepared and advanced into a phase 1 clinical study. Herein, we describe the structure-activity relationships that led to the identification of compound 12 and to the corresponding pyrimidine 51.
- Amato, George,Roeloffs, Rosemarie,Rigdon, Greg C.,Antonio, Brett,Mersch, Theresa,McNaughton-Smith, Grant,Wickenden, Alan D.,Fritch, Paul,Suto, Mark J.
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scheme or table
p. 481 - 484
(2011/08/22)
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- Discovery of potent, balanced and orally active dual NK1/NK3 receptor ligands
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During a program directed at selective NK1 receptor antagonists, we serendipitously discovered an NK1 receptor ligand with additional affinity for the NK3 receptor. Recognising an opportunity for a drug discovery program aiming for dual NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists, we prepared a series of analogues from a novel, versatile building block. From this series emerged compounds with high and balanced affinities for the NK1 and the NK3 receptors. Typical representatives of this series were active in the gerbil foot tapping assay after oral administration.
- Peters, Jens-Uwe,Hoffmann, Torsten,Schnider, Patrick,Stadler, Heinz,Koblet, Andreas,Alker, André,Poli, Sonia Maria,Ballard, Theresa M.,Spooren, Will,Steward, Lucinda,Sleight, Andrew J.
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scheme or table
p. 3405 - 3408
(2010/07/16)
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- Catalysis in polysiloxane gels: Platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation of polymethylhydrosiloxane leading to reusable catalysts for reduction of nitroarenes
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Novel polysiloxane gels, to which platinum species are encapsulated, are prepared by treatment of polymethylhydrosiloxane with alkenes in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst. These gels act as reusable catalysts in the reduction of functionalized nitroarenes with H2 to the corresponding substituted anilines without leaking the catalyst species.
- Motoyama, Yukihiro,Kamo, Kazuyuki,Nagashima, Hideo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1345 - 1348
(2009/09/29)
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- SULFONYL AMIDE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL CELL GROWTH
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The present invention relates to a compound of the formula I wherein R1 to R6, A, B, n and m are as defined herein. Such novel sulfonyl amide derivatives are useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals. This invention also relates to a method of using such compounds in the treatment of abnormal cell growth in mammals, especially humans, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
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Page/Page column 37
(2009/04/24)
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- Ammonium salts as an inexpensive and convenient nitrogen source in the Cu-catalyzed amination of aryl halides at room temperature
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Convenient and inexpensive ammonium salts such as NH4Cl and aqueous NH3 solution are found to be readily utilized in the Cu-catalyzed room temperature N-arylation of aryl halides, providing N-unprotected aniline derivatives in high yields. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Kim, Jinho,Chang, Sukbok
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 3052 - 3054
(2009/02/04)
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- 2- [ (2-SUBSTITUTED) -IND0LIZIN-3-YL] -2-OXO-ACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
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The invention provides compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein: Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X and X1 are as defined herein. These compounds are useful in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the prevention or treatment of a fungal disease. Compounds of formula (I), and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, may also be used as agricultural fungicides.
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Page/Page column 119
(2008/12/05)
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- AZAQUINOLONE BASED COMPOUNDS EXHIBITING PROLYL HYDROXYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF
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Compounds of Formula (I) are useful as inhibitors of HIF prolyl hydroxylases where the definitions of the variables are provided herein.
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Page/Page column 112
(2008/12/06)
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- QUINOLONES AND AZAQUINOLONES THAT INHIBIT PROLYL HYDROXYLASE
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Compounds of Formula I are useful inhibitors of HIF prolyl hydroxylases. Compounds of Formula I have the following structure: where the definitions of the variables are provided herein.
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Page/Page column 57
(2008/12/08)
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- Structure-activity studies of novel cyanoguanidine ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers for the treatment of overactive bladder
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A series of novel cyanoguanidine derivatives was designed and synthesized. Condensation of N-(1-benzotriazol-1-yl-2,2-dichloropropyl)-substituted benzamides with N-(substituted-pyridin-3-yl)-N′-cyanoguanidines furnished N-{2,2-dichloro-1-[N′-(substituted-pyridin-3-yl)-N′-cyanoguanidino] propyl}-substituted benzamide derivatives. These agents were glyburide-reversible potassium channel openers and hyperpolarized human bladder cells as assessed by the FLIPR membrane potential dye (KATP-FMP). These compounds were also potent full agonists in relaxing electrically stimulated pig bladder strips, an in vitro model of overactive bladder. The most active compound 9 was evaluated for in vivo efficacy and selectivity in a pig model of bladder instability. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies in dog demonstrated excellent oral bioavailability and a t1/2 of 15 h. The synthesis, SAR studies, and biological properties of these agents are discussed.
- Perez-Medrano, Arturo,Brune, Michael E.,Buckner, Steven A.,Coghlan, Michael J.,Fey, Thomas A.,Gopalakrishnan, Murali,Gregg, Robert J.,Kort, Michael E.,Scott, Victoria E.,Sullivan, James P.,Whiteaker, Kristi L.,Carroll, William A.
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p. 6265 - 6273
(2008/04/05)
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- AMIDOPYRAZOLE DERIVATIVE
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A platelet coagulation inhibitor which inhibits neither COX-1 nor COX-2 is provided. The inhibitor is a compound represented by general formula (I): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents, or a phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents; R1 represents a lower acyl group, carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, a carbamoyl group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, an oxamoyl group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, an amino group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, a 4- to 7-membered alicyclic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, a phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents, or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents; and R2 represents hydrogen atom, a halogeno group, or the like.
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Page/Page column 23-24
(2010/11/23)
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- PYRIDO [3,4-D] PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-13 INHIBITORS
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This invention relates to a pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R, L', L2, V, L3, and R2 are as defined in the specification, that inhibits a matrix metalloproteinase-13 enzyme and thus is useful for treating diseases resulting from MMP-13 mediated tissue breakdown such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cartilage damage, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, heart failure, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, age-related macular degeneration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, periodontal diseases, psoriasis, cancer, and osteoporosis.
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Page/Page column 113-114; 121-122
(2010/02/11)
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- SUBSTITUTED-3-CYANO-[1.7],[1.5], AND [1.8]-NAPHTHYRIDINE INHIBITORS OF TYROSINE KINASES
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This invention provides compounds of formula (I) having structure (a) wherein A'' is a diavalent moiety selected from the group (a, b, c) which are useful as inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase.
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- SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS INHIBITORS
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The use of a compound of formula (I) 1 or a salt, ester or amide thereof; where X is O, or S, S(O) or S(O)2, or NR6 where R6 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl,; R5 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, R1, R2 ,R3, R4 are independently selected from various specified moieties, in the preparation of a medicament for use in the inhibition of aurora 2 kinase. Certain compounds are novel and these, together with pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also described and claimed
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- Syntheses of 5,5-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridines
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New and improved syntheses of 5,5'-donor-functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines are reported with the 5,5'-donors being -NH2 (4), -NMe2 (5), -CN (6), and - NCS (7). A new route for 4 and 5 is based on the coupling of 2-chloro-5- amino-pyridine in the presence of NiCl2 · 6 H2O/PPh3/Zn in DMF (NiCRA) · 6 was obtained by a dehydration treatment of 5,5'-dicarboxamide-2,2'- bipyridine with (F3CCO)2O and P4O10. The new ligand 7 is prepared from 4 and SCCl2.
- Janiak, Christoph,Deblon, Stephan,Wu, He-Ping
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p. 3341 - 3352
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds
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The present invention relates to a hydrogenation process for the production of aromatic halogen-amino compounds by means of catalytic hydrogenation on noble metal catalysts of corresponding aromatic halonitro compounds, characterised in that a rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, platinum or palladium catalyst which is modified with an inorganic or organic phosphorus compound with a degree of oxidation of less than V, is used, in the presence of a vanadium compound.
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- Ester hydrolysis by a catalytic cyclodextrin dimer enzyme mimic with a metallobipyridyl linking group
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A β-cyclodextrin dimer with a linking bipyridyl group is synthesized as a catalyst precursor, a holoenzyme mimic. It binds both ends of potential substrates into the two different cyclodextrin cavities, holding the substrate ester carbonyl group directly above a metal ion bound to the bipyridyl unit. The result is very effective ester hydrolysis with good turnover catalysis. For example, a Cu(II) complex accelerates the rate of hydrolysis of several nitrophenyl esters by a factor of 104-105, with at least 50 turnovers and no sign of product inhibition. In the best case, with an added nucleophile that also binds to the metal ion, a rate acceleration of 1.45 x 107 over the background reaction rate was observed. Hydrolysis by a catalyst with only one cyclodextrin binding group is significantly slower than in the bidentate binding cases. As expected, the binding of a transition state analogue to these catalysts is stronger with the metal ion present than without. This and kinetic evidence point to a mechanism in which the metal ion plays a bifunctional acid-base role, enforced by the binding geometry that holds the substrate functionality right on top of the catalytic metal ion.
- Zhang, Biliang,Breslow, Ronald
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p. 1676 - 1681
(2007/10/03)
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- Liquid crystal compounds and optically active compounds
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A compound usefull for liquid crystal component which is represented by the following formulas (1), (2), (3), or (4) ;, R1 -X1 -A1 -( A2 )n-Y1 -A3 -X2 -R2 (1), R1 -X1 -( A3 -Y1 )N-A1 -A2 -X2 -R2 (2), R3 -X1 -A4 -Y1 -A3 -X2 -R4 (3), R3 -X1 -A5 -Y1 -A1 -A2 -X2 -R4 (4), wherein R1 ,R2 ,R3 and R4 are C1 18 alkyl groups; X1 and X2 is -, O, S, -C≡C- or divarent groups such as COO, OCO, CH2 O or OCH2
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- REDUCTION OF HETERO-AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS WITH BAKER'S YEAST
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Reduction of nitro group on hetero-aromatics with baker's yeast has been examined.
- Takeshita, Mitsuhiro,Yoshida, Sachiko
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p. 2201 - 2204
(2007/10/02)
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- Acrylamide derivatives as antiallergic agents. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides
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A new series of 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamides 16, 17, 19, and 26, and 5-(3-pyridyl)-2,4-pentadienamides 20-25 were prepared and evaluated for their antiallergic activity. Several of these compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than the parent compounds 1a [(E)-N-[4 [4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylamide] against the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Particularly, 4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(6-methyl-3-pyridyl)acrylamide (17p) showed an ED50 value of 3.3 mg/kg po in the rat PCA test, which was one-fifth of ketotifen and oxatomide. As compared with ketotifen and oxatomide, compound 17p (AL-3264) possessed a better balance of antiallergic properties due to inhibition of chemical mediator release, inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase, and antagonism of histamine.
- Nishikawa,Shindo,Ishii,Nakamura,Kon,Uno
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p. 583 - 593
(2007/10/02)
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