- A new approach for bio-jet fuel generation from palm oil and limonene in the absence of hydrogen
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The traditional methodology includes a carbon-chain shortening strategy to produce bio-jet fuel from lipids via a two-stage process with hydrogen. Here, we propose a new solution using a carbon-chain filling strategy to convert C10 terpene and lipids to jet fuel ranged hydrocarbons with aromatic hydrocarbon ingredients in the absence of hydrogen.
- Zhang, Jingjing,Zhao, Chen
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p. 17249 - 17252
(2015/12/08)
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- Photochemistry of Alkyl Halides. 9. Geminal Dihalides
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The photobehavior of the geminal dihalides (diiodomethyl)cyclohexane (7), (bromoiodomethyl)cyclohexane (11), (dibromomethyl)cyclohexane (17), (diiodomethyl)cyclopentane (22), 3,3-dimethyl(diiodomethyl)cyclobutane (27), and 8,8-diiodo-2,6-dimethyl-2-octene (31) has been studied and compared with that previously observed for diiodomethane.In all solvents the corresponding vinyl halides (iodomethylene)cyclohexane (13), (bromomethylene)cyclohexane (21), (iodomethylene)cyclopentane (23), 3,3-dimethyl(iodomethylene)cyclobutane (28), or cis- and trans-3,7-dimethyl-1-iodo-1,6-octadiene (33) were obtained, which are thought to arise from α-halo cationic intermediate formed via initial light-induced homolytic cleavage of the carbon-iodine bond followed by electron transfer within the resulting caged radical pair, as shown in Schemes II and III.In the case of diiodide 31 competing intramolecular trapping of the α-iodo cation afforded in addition the cyclized isopulegyl iodide (34).In polar solvents the vinyl iodides were accompanied by the nonhalogenated products methylenecyclohexane (15), 1-methylcyclopentene (25), cyclohexene (26), 4,4-dimethylcyclopentene (29), and cis- and trans-carane (35), which are thought also to arise from the α-halo cationic intermediate. 1.1-Diiodo-2,2-dimethylpropane (1b) afforded 2-methyl-2-butene (6b).Except for carane (35) from diiodide 31 there was no detectable formation of cyclopropanes.In methanol the nucleophilic substitution products (dimethoxymethyl)cyclohexane (14), (dimethoxymethyl)cyclopentane (24), and 1,1-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylpropane (30) were obtained.It is concluded that geminal dihalides undergo predominant, if not exclusive, photoreaction via initial clea vage of a single carbon-halogen bond in analogy with monohalides and that carbene intermediates are not formed.A similiar conclusion has been reached previously for diiodomethane in the photocyclopropanation of alkenes.
- Kropp, Paul J.,Pienta, Norbert J.
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p. 2084 - 2090
(2007/10/02)
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- HETEROGENEOUS HYDROGENATION OF 3,7,7-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEPTA-1,3,5-TRIENE
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It has been shown that the intermediate products of the hydrogenation of 3,7,7-trimethylcyclohepta-1,3,5-triene on platinum black are 2- and 3-carenes, in addition to olefins and dienes of the 1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane series.The final hydrogenation products contains 96percent of 1,1,4-trimethylcycloheptane and 4percent of carenes.
- Manukov, E. N.,Chuiko, V. A.
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p. 422 - 425
(2007/10/02)
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