- A safe and selective method for reduction of 2-nitrophenylacetic acid systems to N-aryl hydroxamic acids using continuous flow hydrogenation
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The cyclic hydroxamic acid functional group is critical to the biological activity of numerous natural products and drug candidates. Efficient, reliable, and green synthetic methods to produce cyclic hydroxamic acids are needed. Herein, flow hydrogenation has been explored as a novel approach toward achieving the selective partial reduction of 2-nitrophenylacetic acid to 1-hydroxyindolin-2-one. The bidentate ligand, 1,10-phenanthroline, has been identified as a unique inhibitor for modulating product selectivity in this Pt/C-catalyzed process. Under the newly optimized reaction conditions, the targeted hydroxamic acid is produced with high selectivity (49:1) over the lactam by-product. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated for a variety of 2-nitrophenylacetic acid derivatives.
- Ichire, Ogar,Jans, Petra,Parfenov, Galina,Dounay, Amy B.
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p. 582 - 585
(2017/01/16)
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- Discovery of novel polycyclic spiro-fused carbocyclicoxindole-based anticancer agents
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A series of novel polycyclic spiro-fused carbocyclicoxindoles were synthesized and investigated for their in?vitro antiproliferative activities against nine human cancer cell lines. Five compounds (10i, 10l, 10n, 10p, and 10r) demonstrated anticancer activities against A2780s cells with IC50values of less than 30?μM. In particular, compound 10i showed anticancer activities against seven cancer cell lines and stronger activities than cisplatin in A2780s, A2780T, CT26, and HCT116?cells. Further studies illustrated that compound 10i arrested cell cycle in G1 phase and induced apoptosis of HCT116?cells. This compound also effectively increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, p53, and MDM2. Molecular docking results revealed that compound 10i could bind well to the p53-binding site on MDM2, indicating that it might work by blocking the MDM2-p53 interactions.
- Zhang, Lidan,Ren, Wen,Wang, Xiaoyan,Zhang, Jiaying,Liu, Jie,Zhao, Lifeng,Zhang, Xia
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p. 1071 - 1082
(2016/12/28)
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- Preparation method of ziprasidone intermediate
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The invention relates to a preparation method of a ziprasidone intermediate.The preparation method is a method to prepare 6-chloro-2-indolone by one-pot process, an alkali liquid and phase-transfer catalyst low in price are used in the preparation process to substitute the prior art sodium hydride necessary to use and high in price, recyclable low-grade aliphatic ketone and low-grade fatty alcohol are used to substitute DMF (dimethyl formamide) and DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) difficult to recycle, the cost is reduced greatly, the materials used herein are cheap and easy to obtain, the process is simple and feasible, posttreatment steps are simplified, particularly the step (1) requires no washing, extracting and purifying operation, one step may be performed directly, the whole operating step needs no use of column chromatography for purification, the whole preparation process is simplified, and the method is convenient to industrialize; in the synthetic process of formula III compound, a deacidifying process is mild and safe; in the synthesis of formula II compound, low-valence sulfur-containing compound is used in reduction, generation of mass waste acid liquid is avoided, production is safe and environment-friendly, and the preparation process is simple and easy.
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- Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Activation and Cyclization of Anilides with 2-Iodoacetates and 2-Iodobenzoates: An Efficient Method toward Oxindoles and Phenanthridones
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A concise approach to the synthesis of oxindoles and phenanthridones from anilides is described. In the presence of catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2, 2-iodoacetates and 2-iodobenzoates can be used to functionalize ortho C-H bond of anilides, which subsequently undergo intramolecular cyclization to give the products. A possible reaction mechanism that involves a PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle is proposed with the support of detailed mechanistic studies.
- Gandeepan, Parthasarathy,Rajamalli, Pachaiyappan,Cheng, Chien-Hong
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p. 1872 - 1879
(2016/06/15)
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- A Benzisoelenazolone modified pyrrole methyl ester substituted indole ketone compound and use thereof
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The invention discloses a benzisoselenazolone-modified pyrrolyl formate-substituted indolone compound and a use thereof. The invention depends on and claims the priority of a Chinese patent application 201110105248.0 submitted on April 26, 2011. Through reference, all contents of the Chinese patent application 201110105248.0 are incorporated into the invention. The benzisoselenazolone-modified pyrrolyl formate-substituted indolone compound is shown in the general formula I. The 2-indolone compound provided by the invention has excellent antitumor activity and can be widely used for preparation of antitumor drugs.
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Paragraph 0117-0118; 0172-0174
(2016/10/08)
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- Visible-Light-Induced Meerwein Cascade Reactions for the Preparation of α-Aryl Esters
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A practical strategy has been developed for preparation of α-aryl ester derivatives by using a visible-light-induced Meerwein cascade reaction. This method uses molecular oxygen as an oxidant at room temperature without the need of hazardous reagents or harsh reaction conditions and provides a straightforward approach to pharmaceutically and synthetically useful α-aryl esters in moderate to good yields from simple and readily available starting materials. Oxindoles were also prepared by this protocol. A new strategy for the synthesis of α-aryl esters has been reported. This protocol utilizes acrylonitrile as a "bridge molecule" to combine a visible-light-induced Meerwein reaction and a hydrolysis reaction to generate α-aryl esters. This method was also employed for the preparation of oxindoles.
- Niu, Teng-Fei,Li, Liang,Ni, Bang-Qing,Bu, Mei-Jie,Cai, Chun,Jiang, Hui-Liang
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p. 5775 - 5780
(2015/09/15)
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- A cinchona alkaloid catalyzed enantioselective sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of isoindigos: Construction of chiral bispirooxindole tetrahydrothiophenes with vicinal quaternary spirocenters
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A cinchona alkaloid catalyzed diastereoselective and enantioselective sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction between 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol and isoindigos has been successfully developed to afford the highly congested bispirooxindole tetrahydrothiophenes with vicinal quaternary spirocenters in high yields (up to 91%), excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr), and good enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). Some synthetic transformations of the reaction products were also studied.
- Gui, Yong-Yuan,Yang, Jian,Qi, Liang-Wen,Wang, Xiao,Tian, Fang,Li, Xiao-Nian,Peng, Lin,Wang, Li-Xin
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p. 6371 - 6379
(2015/06/08)
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- Selective reduction of carbonyl groups in the presence of low-valent titanium reagents
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The chemoselective reduction of several structurally diverse compounds containing carbonyl groups was achieved in the presence of low-valent titanium reagents. This novel synthetic method provides easy access to highly selective reduction of carbonyl groups, and possesses several advantages including one-step procedure, convenient manipulation, good to excellent yields, and short reaction times.
- Lin, Wei,Hu, Ming-Hua,Feng, Xian,Fu, Lei,Cao, Cheng-Pao,Huang, Zhi-Bin,Shi, Da-Qing
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p. 2238 - 2242
(2014/04/17)
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- AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2-OXINDOLES OF FORMULA I, A KEY RAW MATERIAL FOR MAKING PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF
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The present invention provides an improved processes having practical utility for preparing 2-oxindoles of formula I comprising preparation of 2-nitroarylmalonate diester of formula II as first intermediate and subsequent insitu reductive cyclisation using metal acid combination and its modified work-up to form compound of formula I free from metal generated impurity of formula M(OH)X wherein M is metal cation and X is anion. R is selected from hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl like CF3, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkyl and halogen preferably chloro Formula I wherein R' and R" are same or different and is selected from linear.branched and cyclic alkyl (C1C4groups)preferably methyl R is selected from hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl like CF3, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkyl and halogen preferably chloro Formula II.
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- A SHORT PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ZIPRASIDONE AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF
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A process for the preparation of oxindole derivative (Ziprasidone hydrochloride) of formula (I) comprising reacting compound of formula (II) with metal or metal compound mineral acid to give compound of formula (III) in a single step which is converted into compound of formula IV which is a key intermediate for the preparation of compound of compound of formula (I).
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- General synthesis of mono-, di-, and tri-acetylated indoles from indolin-2-ones
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Having developed the one-pot triacetylation of indolin-3-ones, we have now devised a simple two-step reaction sequences to produce di- and mono-acetylated indoles from indolin-2-ones. The indolin-2-ones were first subjected to acetylation in the presence of acetic anhydride and a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine to give 2-acetoxy-1,3-diacetylindoles. Subsequently, an enzyme-assisted deacetylation resulted in the chemoselective deprotection of the acetoxy group to produce 1,3-diacetyl-2-hydroxyindoles. However, a chemical deacetylation of 2-acetoxy-1,3-diacetylinoles under mild basic or acidic conditions resulted in the formation of 3-acetyl-2-hydroxyindoles.
- Jha, Mukund,Chou, Ting-Yi,Blunt, Brian
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experimental part
p. 982 - 989
(2011/03/19)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-[4-(amino/methylsulfonyl)phenyl] methylene-indolin-2-one derivatives as novel COX-1/2 and 5-LOX inhibitors
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Fourteen new 3-[4-(amino/methylsulfonyl)phenyl]methylene-indolin-2-one derivatives were synthesized. Six compounds displayed potent inhibitory activities against COX-1/2 and 5-LOX with IC50 in the range of 0.10-9.87 μM. Particularly, 10f exhibited well balanced inhibitory action on these enzymes (IC50 = 0.10-0.56 μM). More importantly, 10f and several other compounds had comparable or stronger anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, but better gastric tolerability in vivo, as compared with darbufelone mesilate and tenidap sodium. Therefore, our findings may aid in the design of new and safe anti-inflammatory reagents for the intervention of painful inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis at clinic.
- Lai, Yisheng,Ma, Lin,Huang, Wenxing,Yu, Xing,Zhang, Yihua,Ji, Hui,Tian, Jide
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p. 7349 - 7353
(2011/01/12)
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- Concise syntheses of the cruciferous phytoalexins brassilexin, sinalexin, wasalexins, and analogues: Expanding the scope of the Vilsmeier formylation
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Efficient syntheses of the phytoalexins brassilexin, sinalexin, and analogues are demonstrated through the application of the Vilsmeier formylation to indoline-2-thiones followed by a new aqueous ammonia workup procedure. Similarly, a very concise two-pot synthesis of the phytoalexins wasalexins using sequential formylation-amination of indolin-2-ones is described. Remarkably, this novel aqueous ammonia workup allows the sequential one-pot formylation-amination, expanding substantially the scope of the Vilsmeier formylation of both indoline-2-thiones and indolin-2-ones. The examination of the formylation-amination reaction and optimization of conditions, as well as the syntheses and antifungal activities of several brassilexin analogues, are reported.
- Pedras, M. Soledade C.,Jha, Mukund
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p. 1828 - 1834
(2007/10/03)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF OXINDOLE DERIVATIVES
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A process for the preparation of oxindole derivative of formula (I) comprising reacting compound of formula (II) with dialkyl malonate, COOR1-COOR1, in the presence of a mild base to give compound of formula (III); and wherein R is selected from hydrogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, haloalkyl like CF3, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, thioalkyl and halogen.; R1 is selected from linear, branched and cyclic alkyl (C1 to C4 groups); and X is selected from chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo groups;further converting compound of formula (III) to compound of formula (I).
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- Process for preparing 2-oxindoles and N-hydroxy-2-oxindoles
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The present invention provides a processes, having practical utility, for preparing 2-oxindoles, N-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, or mixtures thereof comprising: catalytically hydrogenating a 2-nitroarylmalonate diester to produce a 2-(N-hydroxyamino)arylmalonate diester, a 2-aminoarylmalonate diester, or mixtures thereof as a first reaction intermediate; cyclizing, by intramolecular aminolysis of one ester group, the first reaction intermediate to produce a N-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-carboxylate ester, 2-oxindole-3-carboxylate ester, or mixtures thereof as a second reaction intermediate; and hydrolyzing and decarboxylating the remaining ester group of the second reaction intermediate to produce the N-hydroxy-2-oxindole, the 2-oxindole, or mixtures thereof, wherein the cyclization reaction and the hydrolysis and decarboxylation reaction are conducted in situ with the catalytic hydrogenation reaction without isolation of said reaction intermediates.
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- An improved procedure for the regiospecific synthesis of electron deficient 4- and 6-substituted isatins
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The regiospecific synthesis of 4- and 6-substituted isatins 5a-g in four steps from halonitrobenzenes 1a-g has been investigated for a variety of substrates (Scheme 1). The procedure makes use of readily available, easily handled materials and in most cases purification of neither intermediates nor final products is required. Yields of isatins are between 26 and 75% (Table 1). Improved yields of known isatins are reported as well as the syntheses of previously unreported isatins. This method, taken together with known procedures, provides for the synthesis of the full complement of isatin regioisomers.
- Kraynack, Erica A.,Dalgard, Jackline E.,Gaeta, Federico C. A.
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p. 7679 - 7682
(2007/10/03)
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- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 3. Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases by nuclear-substituted derivatives of 2,2'-dithiobis(1-methyl-N-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide)
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A series of indole-substituted 2,2'-dithiobis(1-methyl-N-phenyl-1H- indole-3-carboxamides) were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the nonreceptor pp60(v-src) tyrosine kinase. The compounds were synthesized by conversion of appropriate 1-methyloxindoles to 1-methyl-2-indolinethiones with P2S5 followed by subsequent reaction with NaH and phenyl isocyanate and oxidative dimerization of the resulting 2,3- dihydro-N-phenyl-2-thioxo-1H-indole-3-carboxamides. The parent compound and many of the substituted analogues were moderately potent inhibitors of both kinase enzymes, but no clear relationships were seen between substitution on the indole ring and inhibitory activity. While 4-substituted compounds were generally inactive, 5-substituted derivatives with electron-withdrawing groups showed inhibitory activity. However, none of the substituted compounds showed significantly better activity than the unsubstituted parent compound. There was generally a good correlation between activity against the EGFR and pp60(v-src) kinases, but several compounds did show some specificity (>20- fold) of inhibition; 5-Cl and 5-Br derivatives preferentially inhibited pp60(v-src), while the 5-CF3 compound preferentially inhibited EGFR. Selected compounds from the series were found to inhibit the growth of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts with IC50s in the range 2-25 μM, the most active being 4- substituted derivatives. The compounds inhibited bFGF-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells more effectively than EGFR- or PDGF- mediated phosphorylation.
- Rewcastle,Palmer,Dobrusin,Fry,Kraker,Denny
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p. 2033 - 2042
(2007/10/02)
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- A general oxindole synthesis
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A general synthesis of indol-2(3H)-ones (oxindoles), was developed based on the addition of dimethyl malonate to commercially available halonitrobenzenes. The advantage of this route over many other oxindole syntheses was the regiochemical control of the substitution pattern on the aromatic ring.
- Quallich,Morrissey
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- Analgesic and anti-inflammatory 1-acyl-2-oxindole-3-carboxamides
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Certain new 2-oxindole-3-carboxamide compounds having an acyl substituent at the 1-position are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for acute administration for ameliorating or eliminating pain in human subjects recovering from surgery or trauma, and also for chronic administration for alleviating the symptoms of chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, in human subjects.
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- 1,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents
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Certain 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds having an acyl substituent at the 3-position, and also on the carboxamide nitrogen atom, are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic agents and anti-inflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. These 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds are of particular value for acute administration for ameliorating pain in human patients recovering from surgery or trauma, and also for chronic administration to human subjects for alleviating the symptoms of chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Certain 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds unsubstituted at C-3, but having an acyl substituent on the carboxamide nitrogen atom, are useful as intermediates to the aforementioned analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
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- 1,3-dicarboxamide-oxindoles as antiinflammatory agents
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1,3-Dicarboxamidooxindoles as antiinflammatory agents prepared by reaction of the 1-carbamoyloxindole with an isocyanate or by aminolysis of the corresponding alkyl 1-carbamoyloxindole-3-carboxylate.
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- Intermediates for 1,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles as analgesic and antiinflammatory agents
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Certain 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds having an acyl substituent at the 3-position, and also on the carboxamide nitrogen atom, are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic agents and anti-inflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. Certain 2-oxindole compounds unsubstituted at the 1-position but having an acyl substituent at C-3 of the formula STR1 and the base salts thereof, wherein X is hydrogen, 5-fluoro, 5-chloro or 5-trifluoromethyl; Y is hydrogen, 6-fluoro, 6-chloro or 6-trifluoromethyl; and R1 is benzyl, furyl, thienyl or thienylmethyl; provided that when X and Y are both hydrogen, R1 is not benzyl are useful as intermediates to the aforementioned analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
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- Process for making 2-oxindole-1-carboxamides and intermediates therefor
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Preparation of 2-oxindole-1-carboxamides by reaction of 2-oxindoles with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to produce novel N-chlorosulfonyl-2-oxindole-1-carboxamides which are then hydrolyzed to 2-oxindole-1-carboxamides useful as intermediates for analgesic and antiinflammatory agents.
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- Analgesic and antiinflammatory 1,3-diacyl-2-oxindole compounds
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Certain novel 2-oxindole compounds, having an acyl substituent at both the 1-position and the 3-position, are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic agents and antiinflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. These 1,3-diacyl-2-oxindole compounds are of particular value for acute administration for ameliorating pain in human patients recovering from surgery or trauma, and also for chronic administration to human subjects for alleviating the symptoms of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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- N,3-Disubstituted 2-oxindole-1-carboxamides as analgesic and antiinflammatory agents
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Certain 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds having an acyl substituent at the 3-position, and also further substituted on the carboxamide nitrogen by an alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl group, are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic and antiinflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. These 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds are of particular value for ameliorating pain in human patients recovering from surgery or trauma, and alleviating the symptoms of chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, in human subjects. Certain 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds unsubstituted at C-3, but having a substituent on the carboxamide nitrogen, are useful as intermediates to the analgesic and antiinflammatory agents of the invention.
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- 3-Substituted 2-oxindole-1-carboxamides as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents
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Certain new 2-oxindole-1-carboxamide compounds having an acyl substituent at the 3-position are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymes, and are useful as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents in mammalian subjects. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for ameliorating or eliminating pain in human subjects recovering from surgery or trauma, and in alleviating the symptoms of chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, in human subjects.
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- MONO(m-SUBSTITUTED) CHLOROACETYLDIARYLAMINES IN THE STOLLE REACTION
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The effect of substituted (OCH3, Cl) on the ratio of the isomeric N-aryloxindoles formed in the Stolle reaction from mono(m-substituted) chloroacetyldiarylamines was studied.It was shown by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and PMR spectroscopy that in the case of the methoxy group electrophilic substitution occurs only in the ring activated by the substituent.The presence of a halogen atom leads only to 1-(m-chlorophenyl)oxindole.The results show that high selectivity of the attack by the carbonium ion on the phenyl rings with electron-donor and electron-acceptor substituents is also retained in the case of intramolecular electrophilic substitution under conditions of kinetic control.
- Przheval'skii, N. M.,Grandberg, I. I.
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p. 716 - 719
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxindoles as sleep-inducers
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Sleep inducers of the formula: STR1 wherein R is hydrogen or halo of atomic weight of from 18 to 36, R' is hydrogen, halo or CF3 and R° is hydrogen or lower alkyl. Preparation by cyclizing a 2-nitro-phenylacetic acid is also disclosed.
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