- Azo-coupled zinc phthalocyanines: Towards broad absorption and application in dye-sensitized solar cells
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The synthesis of symmetrical azo-coupled zinc phthalocyanines (7, 8, 10 and 11) incorporating two spectrally complementary photogenerators (azo dyes and phthalocyanines) by NN double bonds in a single structure was described. The four sensitizers were fully characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry. All the azo-coupled phthalocyanines exhibited broad absorptions covering the range 300-800 nm. The cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that the LUMO and HOMO energy levels of four synthesized azo-coupled phthalocyanines could ensure efficient electron injection and thermodynamically favorable dye regeneration. Thermal stability studies showed that the four sensitizers were stable above 200 °C. The new compounds were tested in dye-sensitized solar cells and compound 8 showed the best photovoltaic performance, yielding 2.7% power conversion efficiency.
- Han, Mingliang,Zhang, Xuejun,Zhang, Xiaoxia,Liao, Chaoqiang,Zhu, Baiqing,Li, Qiaoling
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Read Online
- Bio-inspired domino reduction of nitroarenes by acrolein-amine conjugates in one-pot operation
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Biologically relevant amines react with acrolein to provide 3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidine (FDP) as the oxidative stress product, which has reduction potential via hydrogen transfer. This biogenic process was applied to the domino reduction of electron-deficient nitroarenes in one-pot operation, by simply mixing primary amine, acrolein, nitroarene, and calcium chloride. The reaction can be performed in a gram-scale without the use of hazardous metals.
- Takamatsu, Masayuki,Fukase, Koichi,Tanaka, Katsunori
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Read Online
- The new ball-type zinc phthalocyanine with S[sbnd]S bridge; Synthesis, computational and photophysicochemical properties
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In this study, the starting compound 4,4′-disulfanediyldiphthalonitrile (1) and its ball-type zinc phthalocyanine (2) were synthesized and characterized by standard spectroscopic methods. The molecular structure and supramolecular dynamics of the compound (1) have been investigated by the analysis of the single crystal X-ray diffraction data. To further understand the intermolecular interactions of compound (1), the Hirshfeld surface analysis has been carried out. The compound (1) and (2) were investigated by quantum chemical calculations. Their quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), chemical hardness were performed by B3lyp, HF, M062x method. The ΔG values of the compound (1) and (2) were calculated by using the obtained results. The calculated Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and UV–vis spectra of the compounds were investigated. In addition, photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation under light irradiation) properties of newly synthesized ball-type zinc phthalocyanine (2) were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. We obtained very high singlet oxygen quantum yields as 0.89, suggesting its potential as photosensitizer in PDT treatment.
- Bilgi?li, Ahmet T.,Gen? Bilgi?li, Hayriye,Günsel, Arma?an,Pi?kin, Hasan,Tüzün, Burak,Nilüfer Yarasir,Zengin, Mustafa
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Read Online
- Supramolecular subphthalocyanine complexes-cellular uptake and phototoxicity
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In this communication we report on the synthesis and application of axially functionalized boron-subphthalocyanines (SubPC) which are able to form host-guest complexes with cyclodextrins. Here, a tert-butylphenyl substituted SubPC was investigated concerning its complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and a β-cyclodextrin polymer. NMR-titrations showed the formation of a 1: 1 complex with β-CD. These assemblies were analyzed for their cellular distribution as well as their phototoxicity towards HeLa cells.
- Dubbert, Justin,H?ing, Alexander,Knauer, Shirley K.,Riek, Nathalie,Voskuhl, Jens
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Read Online
- Axial and peripheral tetraarylethylene-modified subphthalocyanines with distinctive fluorescent performances
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Special aromatic structure and unique geometric characteristics make subphthalocyanines possess distinctive electronic structures and physicochemical properties. In this paper, tetraarylethylenes with aggregation-induced emission were introduced to subphthalocyanine macrocycles at the axial direction and the periphery to improve the fluorescence emission properties. Results show that the modification at the two different positions of the subphthalocyanines has different effects on regulating the fluorescence performances. The subphthalocyanine modified axially by tetraphenylethylene shows outstanding fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon, and the modification on the periphery of subphthalocyanine is conducive to enhance the fluorescence intensity. These distinctive performances have the potential applications in fluorescence sensor and probe.
- Ding, Wei,Yan, Liying,Cao, Fei,Luo, Qianfu
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supporting information
(2021/05/06)
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- Porphyrin phthalocyanine covalent bifunctional graphene nonlinear nano hybrid material and preparation method thereof
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The invention relates to a porphyrin phthalocyanine covalent bifunctional graphene nonlinear nanometer hybrid material and a preparation method thereof. The electron porphyrin and the electron-withdrawing phthalocyanine with the strong electron group are bonded to the surface of the graphene through radical addition reaction, charge is obtained through bridging of graphene, and third-order nonlinear performance of the organic - inorganic hybrid material is enhanced. In the invention, amino-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin and amino-substituted pull electron phthalocyanine are reacted through azo salt, so that a novel bifunctional organic-inorganic covalent functionalized nano hybrid material is successfully prepared. , The prepared material has more enhanced nonlinear optical performance in the nanosecond visible light field compared with the traditional materials, and has very strong reference significance.
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Paragraph 0048; 0053; 0054
(2021/10/02)
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- Preparation method of diamine containing phthalonitrile group
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The invention relates to a preparation method of a diamine containing phthalonitrile group. , 4 - Aminophthalonitrile is prepared from 4 -nitrophthalonitrile by reducing the nitro group, then a phthalonitrile group-containing dinitro compound is prepared by reaction of benzoquinone containing phthalonitrile group, and the dinitro compound containing phthalonitrile group is obtained through reaction of the dihydric phenol with 4 - 4 -nitrofluorobenzene. The method can be used for preparing binary amines containing phthalonitrile groups on a scale. The product is single. When the overall conversion rate reaches 50% or more, a phthalonitrile group-containing diamine having a high purity 90% or more can be obtained. The method is simple in production operation and low in equipment requirement.
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Paragraph 0018-0019; 0024-0025; 0030-0031; 0036-0037; ....
(2021/11/14)
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- A high-performance photoelectrochemical sensor for the specific detection of H2O2and glucose based on an organic conjugated microporous polymer
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Cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors are one of ideal systems for sensing applications owing to their advantages in the low-cost, simplicity of the detection and miniaturization of the sensors with high sensitivity and specificity. Herein, a high-performance PEC sensor based on a 2D porphyrin-phthalocyanine conjugated microporous polymer (PorPc-CMP) is reported for the specific detection of H2O2 and glucose in the wide linear ranges of 0.05-100 and 0.05-5000 μM with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 13 and 27 nM, respectively. All of them achieved the best levels, when compared to H2O2 and glucose tetrapyrrole-based photoelectrochemical sensors reported so far. After a comparative analysis on the morphology, optical-electrical properties and partial charge density plots by DFT calculations for the PorPc-CMP and its analogues (PorPor-CMP and PcPc-CMP), it is revealed that the high PEC-sensing performance of PorPc-CMP is largely related to the synergistic effect of unique multi-channel D-A structure and elaborate hollow tube-like morphology, which leads to the effective charge separation, enhanced charge transportability and high utilization of light irradiation. Furthermore, good accuracy of the PorPc-CMP PEC sensor was demonstrated in real sample analysis of H2O2 disinfectant and human serum samples. This journal is
- Chen, Yanli,Gao, Wen,Kong, Xia,Li, Xiyou,Liu, Qi,Liu, Xue,Shen, Jingshun,Sun, Qiqi,Xing, Chuanwang,Zhang, Yuexing
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supporting information
p. 26216 - 26225
(2021/12/13)
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- Subphthalocyanines as Efficient Photosensitizers with Nanomolar Photodynamic Activity against Cancer Cells
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Because cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, investigation of new photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy is highly desirable. In this work, different peripherally substituted subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) with either a benzocrown moiety (CE-) or a tyrosine methyl ester (Tyr-) as the axial ligand have been prepared. Target SubPcs showed high φΔ values, >0.50 in EtOH. Both CE- and Tyr- moieties increased substantially the hydrophilicity of the compounds (log P = 1.79-2.63, n-octanol/PBS). Uptake to cells, subcellular localization, and monitoring of the progression of cell death over time are described. Improved spectroscopic behavior of the CE- series in cell culture medium resulted in higher photodynamic activity versus that of the Tyr- series. In particular, the peripherally triethylsulfanyl SubPc-CE exhibited extraordinarily low EC50 values of 2.3 and 4.4 nM after light activation and high TC50 values of 14.49 and 5.25 μM (i.e., dark toxicity without activation) on SK-MEL-28 and HeLa cells, respectively, which rank it among the best photosensitizers ever.
- Demuth, Jiri,Gallego, Lucia,Kozlikova, Magdalena,Kucera, Radim,Machacek, Miloslav,Martinez-Diaz, M. Victoria,Novakova, Veronika,Torres, Tomas
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p. 17436 - 17447
(2021/12/06)
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- Palladium(II) phthalocyanines efficiently promote phosphine-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction at room temperature
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Herein we report that exceptionally simple and inexpensive Pd(II) complexes of phthalocyanines efficiently catalyze direct formation of diphenylacetylenes at ambient conditions with low loading of catalyst (0.5 mol%). Results of this study demonstrate that terminal alkynes reacted mildly with p-substituted aryl bromides at room temperature under Pd and Cu-cocatalysis to give the corresponding phenylacetylenes in yields up to 98%. Also we have examined this catalyst in Sonogashira cross-coupling with aryl chlorides and it was very effective and this reaction at room temperature that there is no examples in recent articles. This protocol represents the first use of palladium phthalocyanine as homogeneous catalyst in the Pd/Cu-promoted Sonogashira reaction. The palladium(II) phthalocyanine complex is significantly more active in Sonogashira cross-coupling between aryl halides and terminal alkynes as compared with traditional catalysts because of absence of palladium black formation through agglomeration of metal particles and deactivation of catalyst.
- Platonova, Yana B.,Tomilova, Larisa G.,Volov, Alexander N.
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p. 224 - 228
(2020/09/17)
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- Utilization of a Hydrogen Source from Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass for Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
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Exploring of hydrogen source from renewable biomass, such as glucose in alkaline solution, for hydrogenation reactions had been studied since 1860s. According to proposed pathway, only small part of hydrogen source in glucose was utilized. Herein, the utilization of a hydrogen source from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most abundant renewable sources in nature, for a hydrogenation reaction is described. The hydrogenation is demonstrated by reduction of nitroarenes to arylamines in up to 95 % yields. Mechanism studies suggest that the hydrogenation occurs via a hydrogen transformation pathway.
- Tan, Fang-Fang,Tang, Kai-Li,Zhang, Ping,Guo, Yan-Jun,Qu, Mengnan,Li, Yang
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p. 4189 - 4195
(2019/03/07)
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- Soluble copper phthalocyanine, and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a soluble copper phthalocyanine. The soluble copper phthalocyanine is prepared by modifying a phthalocyanine core with an oxybutyl group as a modifying group. 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) is added to a solution of the soluble copper phthalocyanine, and the tBP is removed during annealing film formation to prepare an HTM film. A solar cell produced by using the HTM film has ahigh thermal stability and a high energy conversion efficiency.
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Paragraph 0023-0025
(2019/07/04)
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- Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Catalyzed by Molybdenum Sulphide Clusters
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Herein, we describe an atom efficient and general protocol for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines catalyzed by well-defined diimino and diamino cubane-type Mo3S4 clusters. The novel diimino [Mo3S4Cl3(dnbpy)3]+ ([5]+) (dnbpy=4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-dipyridyl, L1) trinuclear complex was synthesized in high yields by simple ligand substitution reactions starting from the thiourea (tu) [Mo3S4(tu)8(H2O)]Cl4?4 H2O (3) precursor. This strategy has also been successfully adapted for the isolation of the diamino [Mo3S4Cl3(dmen)3](BF4) ([6](BF4)), (dmen=N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine) salt. Applying these catalysts, high selectivity in the hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes has been accomplished. Over thirty anilines bearing synthetically functional groups have been synthesized in 70 to 99 % yield. Notably, the integrity of the cluster core is preserved during catalysis. Based on kinetic studies on the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and other potential reaction intermediates, the direct reduction to aniline is the preferential route.
- Pedrajas, Elena,Sorribes, Iván,Gushchin, Artem L.,Laricheva, Yuliya A.,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias,Llusar, Rosa
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p. 1128 - 1134
(2017/03/27)
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- Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles supported on a metal-organic framework as highly efficient catalysts for nitroarenes reduction
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Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 8-9 nm were prepared by solvothermal reduction of bivalent nickel and palladium in oleylamine and trioctylphosphine. Subsequently, the first-ever deposition of Ni@Pd core-shell nanoparticles having different compositions on a metal-organic framework (MIL-101) was accomplished by wet impregnation in n-hexane. The Ni@Pd/MIL-101 materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and also investigated as catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under mild reaction conditions. At 30 °C and 0.1 MPa of H2 pressure, the Ni@Pd/MIL-101 gives a TOF as high as 375 h-1 for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and is applicable to a wide range of substituted nitroarenes. The exceptional performance of this catalyst is believed to result from the significant Ni-Pd interaction in the core-shell structure, together with promotion of the conversions of aromatics by uncoordinated Lewis acidic Cr sites on the MIL-101 support.
- Jian, Siping,Li, Yingwei
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- Four Dibutylamino Substituents Are Better Than Eight in Modulating the Electronic Structure and Third-Order Nonlinear-Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines
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2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-Tetrakis(dibutylamino)phthalocyanine compounds M{Pc[N(C4H9)2]4} (1-5; M = 2H, Mg, Ni, Cu, Zn) were prepared and characterized by a range of spectroscopic methods in addition to elemental analysis. Electrochemical and electronic absorption spectroscopic studies revealed the more effective conjugation of the nitrogen lone pair of electrons in the dibutylamino side chains with the central phthalocyanine π system in M{Pc[N(C4H9)2]4} than in M{Pc[N(C4H9)2]8}, which, in turn, results in superior third-order nonlinear-optical (NLO) properties of H2{Pc[N(C4H9)2]4} (1) over H2{Pc[N(C4H9)2]8}, as revealed by the obviously larger effective imaginary third-order molecular hyperpolarizability (Im{χ(3)}) of 6.5 × 10-11 esu for the former species than for the latter one with a value of 3.4 × 10-11 esu. This is well rationalized on the basis of both structural and theoretical calculation results. The present result seems to represent the first effort toward directly connecting the peripheral functional substituents, electronic structures, and NLO functionality together for phthalocyanine molecular materials, which will be helpful for the development of functional phthalocyanine materials via molecular design and synthesis even through only tuning of the peripheral functional groups.
- Chen, Yuxiang,Cao, Wei,Wang, Chiming,Qi, Dongdong,Wang, Kang,Jiang, Jianzhuang
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p. 3151 - 3160
(2016/04/05)
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- Chemoselective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes using MOF-derived co-based catalysts
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The synthesis, characterization, and application of nitrogen-doped carbon supported Co catalysts in selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes are described. The cobalt-based catalysts are prepared by simple pyrolysis of ZIF-67, a typical MOF material, under inert atmosphere. Physicochemical properties of the Co/C-N catalysts have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Co-based materials were found to be highly efficient in the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. A broad range of substituted nitroarenes are converted to the corresponding anilines in excellent yields under industrially viable conditions with other reducing groups remaining intact. In situ ATR-IR and XPS characterizations reveal that the Co-N centers present in the catalyst favor the preferential adsorption of nitro groups, leading to this unique chemoselectivity. The kinetic parameters of 4-nitrostyrene hydrogenation over the Co/C-N catalyst were investigated.
- Wang, Xi,Li, Yingwei
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- Graphene-Supported NiPd Alloy Nanoparticles for Effective Catalysis of Tandem Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane and Hydrogenation of Nitro/Nitrile Compounds
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Monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and assembled on graphene (G) or other support to provide clean, efficient catalysis of tandem reactions—dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R—NO2 and/or R—CN to R—NH2. The tandem reactions proceed quickly and with high efficiency in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature, and the supported catalyst is readily recovered for re-use, providing a simple, efficient and ‘green’ route to the preparation of many common pharmaceutical, dye or other chemical products. NiPd alloy NPs of 3.4 nanometer size were prepared by co-reduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(II) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposited on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. The G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni30Pd70 being the most active. A variety of R—NO2 and/or R—CN derivatives (R alkyl or aryl) were reduced selectively into R—NH2 via G-Ni30Pd70 catalyzed tandem reaction in short (5-30 minute) reaction times with conversion yields reaching up to 100%, demonstrating a new approach to G-NiPd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of AB and hydrogenation of R—NO2 and R—CN. The G-NiPd NP catalyst is efficient and is reusable; thus the reaction can be performed in an environment-friendly process with short reaction times and high yields.
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Paragraph 0022
(2016/10/17)
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- Recyclable aluminium oxy-hydroxide supported Pd nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds via sodium borohydride hydrolysis
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The reduction of aromatic/aliphatic nitro compounds to primary amines with high yields was easily realized by transfer hydrogenation comprising commercially available aluminium oxy-hydroxide-supported Pd nanoparticles (0.5 wt% Pd, Pd/AlO(OH)) as catalysts and NaBH4 as the hydrogen reservoir at room temperature in a water/methanol mixture (v/v = 7/3). The presented catalytic methodology is highly efficient for the reduction of various nitro compounds as well as reusable. A variety of R-NO2 derivatives were tested by performing the Pd/AlO(OH) catalysed reduction reaction and all the nitro compounds were selectively reduced to their corresponding primary amines in reaction times ranging from 0.75 to 13 min with yields reaching up to 99%. This process can be assessed as an eco-friendly method involving both reusable catalysts (Pd/AlO(OH) NPs) and hydrogen sources (NaBH4).
- G?ksu, Haydar
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p. 8498 - 8504
(2015/11/10)
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- Highly selective transfer hydrogenation of functionalised nitroarenes using cobalt-based nanocatalysts
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Anilines are important feedstock for the synthesis of a variety of chemicals such as dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The chemoselective catalytic reduction of nitro compounds represents the most important and prevalent process for the manufacture of functionalized anilines. Consequently, the development of selective catalysts for the reduction of nitro compounds in the presence of other reducible groups is a major challenge and is crucial. In this regard, herein we show that the cobalt oxide (Co3O4-NGr@C) based nano-materials, prepared by the pyrolysis of cobalt-phenanthroline complexes on carbon constitute highly selective catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines using formic acid as a hydrogen source. Applying these catalysts, a series of structurally diverse and functionalized nitroarenes have been reduced to anilines with unprecedented chemo-selectivity tolerating halides, olefins, aldehyde, ketone, ester, amide and nitrile functionalities.
- Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Banerjee, Debasis,Arockiam, Percia Beatrice,Junge, Henrik,Junge, Kathrin,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Radnik, J?rg,Brückner, Angelika,Beller, Matthias
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supporting information
p. 898 - 902
(2015/03/04)
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- Nitrogen-doped graphene-activated iron-oxide-based nanocatalysts for selective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes
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Nanoscaled iron oxides on carbon were modified with nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) and found to be excellent catalysts for the chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to anilines. Under standard reaction conditions, a variety of functionalized and structurally diverse anilines, which serve as key building blocks and central intermediates for fine and bulk chemicals, were synthesized in good to excellent yields.
- Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Natte, Kishore,Junge, Henrik,Beller, Matthias
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p. 1526 - 1529
(2015/03/14)
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- Synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives by photoinduced reactions. New unsymmetrical substituted zinc phthalocyanines
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The synthesis of new phthalonitrile derivatives by photoinduced reaction is described. Novel unsymmetrically substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing an aryl alcohol group (ArZnPc) was synthesized by the ring expansion reaction of boron(III) subphthalocyanine chloride with an appropriated phthalonitrile. The spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of these ArZnPc were studied.
- Tempesti, Tomas C.,Baumgartner, María T.
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p. 1088 - 1094
(2016/01/15)
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- Synthesis and properties of 4-[(E)-(4'-R-phenyl)diazenyl]phthalonitriles and cobalt phthalocyanines obtained therefrom
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The diazotization-azocoupling method has been utilized to prepare a series of previously unknown 4-[(E)-(4'-R-phenyl)diazenyl]phthalonitriles, which were further transformed into the corresponding cobalt phthalocyanines. The effect of the peripheral substitution of the phthalocyanine ligand on the spectral properties of the prepared compounds has been demonstrated.
- Tikhomirova,Gruzdeva,Shaposhnikov
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p. 2778 - 2785
(2016/02/18)
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- Tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and hydrogenation of nitro/nitrile compounds catalyzed by graphene-supported NiPd alloy nanoparticles
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We report a facile synthesis of monodisperse NiPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their assembly on graphene (G) to catalyze the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and/or R-CN to R-NH2 in aqueous methanol solutions at room temperature. The 3.4 nm NiPd alloy NPs were prepared by coreduction of nickel(II) acetate and palladium(II) acetlyacetonate by borane-tert-butylamine in oleylamine and deposition on G via a solution phase self-assembly process. G-NiPd showed composition-dependent catalysis on the tandem reaction with G-Ni 30Pd70 being the most active. A variety of R-NO 2 and/or R-CN derivatives were reduced selectively into R-NH 2 via G-Ni30Pd70 catalyzed tandem reaction in 5-30 min reaction time with the conversion yields reaching up to 100%. Our study demonstrates a new approach to G-NiPd-catalyzed dehydrogenation of AB and hydrogenation of R-NO2 and R-CN. The G-NiPd NP catalyst is efficient and reusable, and the reaction can be performed in an environment-friendly process with short reaction times and high yields.
- Goeksu, Haydar,Ho, Sally Fae,Metin, Oender,Korkmaz, Katip,Mendoza Garcia, Adriana,Gueltekin, Mehmet Serdar,Sun, Shouheng
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p. 1777 - 1782
(2014/06/24)
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- CROSS-LINKABLE COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE COMPLEXES
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Cross-linkable copper complexes comprising a copper phthalocyanine core and one or more cross-linkable functionalities linked to the phthalocyanine core. The copper complex may have a spacer group with the one or more cross-linkable functionalities on the spacer group. The spacer group contains a chain or one or more aryl groups. These cross-linkable copper complexes may be used in making organic electronic devices, such as OLEDs, by solution processing techniques.
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Page/Page column 21
(2012/11/07)
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- Synthesis of phthalonitriles using a palladium catalyst
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An easy synthetic method to obtain phthalonitriles from o-dibromobenzenes under mild conditions in high yields using Zn(CN)2 and a catalytic amount of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 1,1′- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene is described. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Iqbal, Zafar,Lyubimtsev, Alexey,Hanack, Michael
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experimental part
p. 2287 - 2290
(2009/05/07)
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- 4-acyloxy- and 4-acylaminophthalonitriles and phthalocyanines based thereon
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Reactions of 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminophthalonitriles with substituted benzoyl chlorides gave the corresponding N- and O-benzoyl derivatives, and the latter were used to obtain copper and nickel phthalocyanine complexes. Effect of the substituents in the latter on their electronic absorption spectra was studied. The obtained complexes were found to undergo association in organic solvents.
- Tararykina,Maizlish,Galanin,Shaposhnikov,Bykova,Usol'tseva
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p. 1719 - 1725
(2008/09/18)
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- Water-induced fluorescence quenching of mono- and dicyanoanilines
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Photophysical properties of monocyano- (2-, 3-, and 4-cyano) and dicyano- (3,4-, 3,5-, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dicyano) anilines are investigated by fluorescence measurements. All the monocyanoanilines are virtually nonfluorescent in water (quantum yield 0.01); however, in nonaqueous solvents (cyclohexane, acetonitrile and ethanol), the fluorescence quantum yield is enhanced substantially. In contrast, dicyanoanilines investigated are highly fluorescent both in aqueous and nonaqueous environments. The photophysical data and MO calculations suggest that conformational changes in the amino group and variation of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the solute and solvent water upon electronic excitation are responsible for the water quenching in the monocyanoanilines.
- Oshima, Juro,Yoshihara, Toshitada,Tobita, Seiji
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p. 306 - 311
(2008/02/13)
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- UV-visible spectral study on the stability of lead phthalocyanine complexes
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UV-visible electronic spectral study has been done on lead phthalocyanine (PbPc), lead tetranitro phthalocyanine (PbTNP) and lead tetraamino phthalocyanine (PbTAP) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and H2SO4 media. Metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) is insoluble in DMSO and soluble in conc. H2SO4. The study has been extended to H2Pc to compare the stability of phthalocyanine structure with the PbPc complexes in H2SO4 medium. PbPc complexes are stable in DMSO, and all the complexes are more stable in 36 N H2SO4 than in 30 N and 28 N H2SO4 media. Further, complete demetallation and degradation of the phthalocyanine structure have been observed for all the PbPc complexes in 36 N H2SO4 medium within a week's time. The stability of these complexes is compared with H2Pc in H2SO4 medium. The decomposition reactions in H2SO4 media for H2Pc, PbPc, PbTNP and PbTAP are followed spectrophotometrically and rate constants were calculated. The decomposition reactions were found to follow the first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of their respective phthalocyanine derivatives.
- Mohan kumar,Achar
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p. 2282 - 2288
(2008/10/09)
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- Novel azo dye compound
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A compound represented by formula (I): Formula (I) wherein Z1 is atoms necessary for forming an aromatic ring; Z2 is atoms necessary for forming an aromatic hetero ring; V1 and V2 each are a substituent, and at least one of V1 and V2 is a hydroxyl, primary- or secondary- or tertiary-amino, acylamino, or sulfonamido group; r is 1 to 4; s is 1 to 4; the ring formed by Z1 or Z2 may have a substituent other than V1 or V2; M1 is a counter ion; m1 is the number necessary for neutralizing charge; and X1 and X2 each are a carbon or hetero atom, and at least one of X1 and X2 is a hetero atom.
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Page/Page column 14; 15
(2008/06/13)
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- Novel azo dye compound
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A compound represented by formula (I): Formula (I) wherein Z1 and Z2 each are atoms necessary for forming an aromatic ring; V1 and V2 each are a substituent W1 or W2; when at least one V1 is W1, at least one V2 is W2, or when at least one V1 is W2, at least one V2 is W1; r is 1 to 4; s is 1 to 4; M1 is a counter ion; m1 is the number necessary for neutralizing charge; W1 is a hydroxyl, primary- or secondary- or tertiary-amino, acylamino, or sulfonamido group; W2 is a nitro, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic, sulfo, carboxyl, heterocyclic oxy, ammonio, alkyl- or aryl-sulfinyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, acyl, or aryl- or heterocyclic-azo group; and the aromatic ring may have a substituent other than V1 and V2.
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Page/Page column 16-17
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and spectral property of novel phthalocyanines substituted with four azo group moieties on periphery of phthalocyanine ring
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A novel class of phthalocyanines substituted with azo group moieties on the periphery of phthalocyanine ring was synthesized, and they show obvious, broad uncommon absorption band in the visible region compared to those normal phthalocyanines.
- Li, Ying-Feng,Li, Shao-Lu,Ke, Jian Jiang,Yang, Lian-Ming
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p. 1450 - 1451
(2007/10/03)
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- An application of the stille coupling for the preparation of arylated phthalonitriles and phthalocyanines
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The substituted phthalonitriles 4-phenylphthalonitrile (2a), 4-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)phthalonitrile (2b) and 2-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (2c) have been prepared in good yields from 4-iodophthalonitrile 3, the synthesis of which is also discussed, using the Stille coupling method. Such phthalonitriles are precursors for phthalocyanines with the possibility of biphenyl-like orientation of a peripheral substituent with respect to the macrocycle ring plane. As an example, 2b was used in the preparation of tetra(dimethoxyphenyl)phthalocyanine 1a. Both 1a and the corresponding zinc(II) complex show good solubility in non-polar solvents such as dichloromethane.
- Aranyos, Viviane,Castano, Ana M.,Grennberg, Helena
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p. 714 - 720
(2007/10/03)
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- Vibrational spectra of halophthalonitriles
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The fundamental vibrational modes of a series of six halophthalonitriles have been studied using Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The vibrational assignment of experimental wave numbers obtained from solid samples was aided using quantum chemical computations. Semi-empirical methods and the local SVWN functional were used to obtain vibrational wave numbers and atomic displacement representations of the fundamental molecular vibrations. The study of a series of molecules with similar structure permits the identification of characteristic wave numbers and the effect of the halosubstitution in the molecular structure.
- Halls, Mathew D.,Aroca, Ricardo,Terekhov, Dmitri S.,D'Ascanio, Anna,Leznoff, Clifford C.
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p. 305 - 317
(2007/10/03)
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- Binuclear phthalocyanines covalently linked through two- and four-atom bridges
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Binuclear phthalocyanines in which the two phthalocyanine nuclei are covalently linked through four-atom bridges, derived from catechol, have been prepared and characterized.Metal-free 2,9,16,23-tetra-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)phthalocyanine and 2,9,16,23-tetra-(2-trimethylsilylethyl)phthalocyanine were prepared as examples of non-oxygenated mononuclear phthalocyanines soluble in organic solvents.Catalytic hydrogenation of 1,2-bis-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)ethyne and 1,4-bis-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)buta-1,3-diyne gave 1,2-bis-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)ethane and 1,4-bis-(3,4-dicyanophenyl)butane respectively.From these precursors, metal-free phthalocyanine dimers containing ethylene and tetramethylene bridges, joining the phthalocyanine nuclei, were prepared.Two of the two-atom bridge phthalocyanine dimers represent the first characterized phthalocyanine dimers not containing alkoxy or oxygenated groups.
- Marcuccio, Sebastian M.,Svirskaya, Polina I.,Greenberg, Shafrira,Lever, A. B. P.,Leznoff, Clifford C.,Tomer, Kenneth B.
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p. 3057 - 3069
(2007/10/02)
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- N,N'-bis(3,4-dicyanophenyl) alkanediamides
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N,N'-bis(3,4-dicyanophenyl) alkanediamides of the general formula: STR1 wherein R = (CH2)n-2 and (CH2)x CH(CH3)(CHsub.y ; n = 3 to 20; x = 1 to 8; and y = 1 to 8, prepared by reacting 4-aminophthalonitrile with a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid halide. These dinitriles readily polymerize through heating by themselves or with a metal or with a salt to form polyphthalocyanine resins, of the infinite molecular weight type which are useful as coatings, laminates, adhesives, filament windings, and castings. The general formulas for these polyphthalocyanine resins are: STR2 wherein R = (CH2)n-2 and (CH2)x CH(CH3)(CH2)y ; n = 3 to 20; x = 1 to 8; and y = 1 to 8.
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