- AN IMPROVED ONE POT, ONE STEP PROCESS FOR THE HALOGENATION OF AROMATICS USING SOLID ACID CATALYSTS
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The present invention disclosed an improved one pot, one step process for halogenation of compound of formula (II) to afford corresponding halogenated compound of formula (I) having improved yield and increased selectivity under very mild conditions.
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of deuterated Vismodegib for improving pharmacokinetic properties
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Vismodegib is an oral and high selective hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor used for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In this work, analogs of Vismodegib with deuterium-for-hydrogen replacement at certain metabolically active sites were prepared and found to have a better pharmacokinetic properties in mice. In particular, deuterated compound SKLB-C2211 obviously altered the blood circulation behavior compared to its prototype, which was demonstrated by significantly prolonged blood circulation half-life time (t1/2) and increased AUC0→∞. These results suggested SKLB-C2211 had the potential to be a long-acting inhibitor against Hh signaling pathway, and laid the foundation for the further research of its druggability.
- Wang, Fangying,Jiang, Hongxia,Deng, Yufang,Yu, Jiang,Zhan, Miao,Zhao, Lifeng,Chen, Yuanwei
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p. 2399 - 2402
(2018/06/25)
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- Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Smoothened Antagonists with in Vivo Activity
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Medulloblastoma is one of the most prevalent brain tumors in children. Aberrant hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling is thought to be involved in the initiation and development of medulloblastoma. Vismodegib, the first FDA-approved cancer therapy based on inhibition of aberrant hedgehog signaling, targets smoothened (Smo), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) central to the Hh pathway. Although vismodegib exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment, concerns have been raised from its nonlinear pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles at high doses partly due to low aqueous solubility. Many patients experience adverse events such as muscle spasms and weight loss. In addition, drug resistance often arises among tumor cells during treatment with vismodegib. There is clearly an urgent need to explore novel Smo antagonists with improved potency and efficacy. Through a scaffold hopping strategy, we have identified a series of novel tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which exhibited effective inhibition of Hh signaling. Among them, compound 24 is three times more potent than vismodegib in the NIH3T3-GRE-Luc reporter gene assay. Compound 24 has a lower melting point and much greater solubility compared with vismodegib, resulting in linear PK profiles when dosed orally at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in rats. Furthermore, compound 24 showed excellent PK profiles with a 72% oral bioavailability in beagle dogs. Compound 24 demonstrated overall favorable in vitro safety profiles with respect to CYP isoform and hERG inhibition. Finally, compound 24 led to significant regression of subcutaneous tumor generated by primary Ptch1-deficient medulloblastoma cells in SCID mouse. In conclusion, tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives represent a novel set of Smo inhibitors that could potentially be utilized to treat medulloblastoma and other Hh pathway related malignancies.
- Lu, Wenfeng,Liu, Yongqiang,Ma, Haikuo,Zheng, Jiyue,Tian, Sheng,Sun, Zhijian,Luo, Lusong,Li, Jiajun,Zhang, Hongjian,Yang, Zeng-Jie,Zhang, Xiaohu
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p. 1980 - 1994
(2017/09/25)
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- Discovery of 1-(3-aryl-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(p-aryl)urea derivatives against breast cancer by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hedgehog signalings
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PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings are two important pathways in breast cancer, which are usually connected with the drug resistance and cancer migration. Many studies indicated that PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors and Hh inhibitors displayed synergistic effects, and the combination of the two signaling drugs could delay drug resistance and inhibit cancer migration in breast cancer. Therefore, the development of molecules simultaneously inhibiting these two pathways is urgent needed. Based on the structures of PI3K inhibitor buparlisib and Hh inhibitor vismodegib, a series of hybrid structures were designed and synthesized utilizing rational drug design and computer-based drug design. Several compounds displayed excellent antiproliferative activities against several breast cancer cell lines, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the representative compound 9i could inhibit both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings by inhibiting the phosphorylation of S6K and Akt as well as decreasing the SAG elevated expression of Gli1. Compound 9i could also induce apoptosis remarkably in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. In the transwell assay, 9i showed significant inhibition on the migration of MDA-MB-231.
- Li, Wenlu,Sun, Qinsheng,Song, Lu,Gao, Chunmei,Liu, Feng,Chen, Yuzong,Jiang, Yuyang
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p. 721 - 733
(2017/11/01)
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- HEDGEHOG ANTAGONISTS HAVING ZINC BINDING MOIETIES
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The present invention provides compounds which antagonize hedgehog signaling and inhibit HDAC activity. The com-pounds can be used in methods of treating proliferative dis-eases and disorders such as cancer
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- Investigations into the mechanisms of pyridine ring cleavage in vismodegibs
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Vismodegib (Erivedge, GDC-0449) is a first-in-class, orally administered small-molecule Hedgehog pathway inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. Previously, we reported results from preclinical and clinical radiolabe
- Khojasteh, S. Cyrus,Yue, Qin,Ma, Shuguang,Castanedo, Georgette,Chen, Jacob Z.,Lyssikatos, Joseph,Mulder, Teresa,Takahashi, Ryan,Ly, Justin,Messick, Kirsten,Jia, Wei,Liu, Lichuan,Hop, Cornelis E. C. A.,Wong, Harvey
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supporting information
p. 343 - 351
(2014/03/21)
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- GDC-0449-A potent inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway
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SAR for a wide variety of heterocyclic replacements for a benzimidazole led to the discovery of functionalized 2-pyridyl amides as novel inhibitors of the hedgehog pathway. The 2-pyridyl amides were optimized for potency, PK, and drug-like properties by modifications to the amide portion of the molecule resulting in 31 (GDC-0449). Amide 31 produced complete tumor regression at doses as low as 12.5 mg/kg BID in a medulloblastoma allograft mouse model that is wholly dependent on the Hh pathway for growth and is currently in human clinical trials, where it is initially being evaluated for the treatment of BCC.
- Robarge, Kirk D.,Brunton, Shirley A.,Castanedo, Georgette M.,Cui, Yong,Dina, Michael S.,Goldsmith, Richard,Gould, Stephen E.,Guichert, Oivin,Gunzner, Janet L.,Halladay, Jason,Jia, Wei,Khojasteh, Cyrus,Koehler, Michael F.T.,Kotkow, Karen,La, Hank,LaLonde, Rebecca L.,Lau, Kevin,Lee, Leslie,Marshall, Derek,Marsters Jr., James C.,Murray, Lesley J.,Qian, Changgeng,Rubin, Lee L.,Salphati, Laurent,Stanley, Mark S.,Stibbard, John H.A.,Sutherlin, Daniel P.,Ubhayaker, Savita,Wang, Shumei,Wong, Susan,Xie, Minli
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scheme or table
p. 5576 - 5581
(2010/04/05)
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- PYRIDYL INHIBITORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALLING
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The invention provides novel inhibitors of hedgehog signaling that are useful as s therapeutic agent for treating malignancies where the compounds have the general formula (I): where A, X, Y R1, R2, R3, R4, m and n are as described herein.
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Page/Page column 87
(2009/11/29)
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- The β effect of silicon in phenyl cations
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Irradiation of chloroanisoles, phenols, and N,N-dimethylanilines bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) group in the ortho position with respect to the chlorine atom caused photoheterolysis of the Ar-Cl bond and formation of the corresponding ortho-trimethylsilylphenyl cations in the triplet state. The β effect of silicon on these intermediates has been studied by comparing the resulting chemistry in alcoholic solvents with that of the silicon-free analogues and by computational analysis (at the UB3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level in MeOH). TMS groups little affect the photophysics and the photocleavage of the starting phenyl chlorides, while stabilizing the phenyl cations, both in the triplet (ca. 4 kcal/mol per group) and, dramatically, in the singlet state (9 kcal/mol). As a result, although triplet phenyl cations are the first formed species, intersystem crossing to the more stable singlets is favored with chloroanisoles and phenols. Indeed, with these compounds, solvent addition to give aryl ethers (from the singlet) competed efficiently with reduction or arylation (from the triplet). In the case of the silylated 4-chloro-N,N- dimethylaniline, the triplet cation remained in the ground state and trapping by π nucleophiles remained efficient, though slowed by the steric bulk of the TMS group. In alcohols, the silyl group was eliminated via a photoinduced protiodesilylation during the irradiation. Thus, the silyl group could be considered as a directing, photoremovable group that allowed shifting to the singlet phenyl cation chemistry and was smoothly eliminated in the same one-pot procedure.
- Dichiarante, Valentina,Salvaneschi, Andrea,Protti, Stefano,Dondi, Daniele,Fagnoni, Maurizio,Albini, Angelo
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p. 15919 - 15926
(2008/09/20)
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- Pyridyl inhibitors of hedgehog signalling
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The invention provides novel inhibitors of hedgehog signaling that are useful as a therapeutic agents for treating malignancies where the compounds have the general formula I: wherein A, X, Y R1, R2, R3, R4, m and n are as described herein.
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Page/Page column 74
(2010/10/20)
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- Fused heterocyclic succinimide compounds and analogs thereof, modulators of nuclear hormone receptor function
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Fused cyclic compounds, methods of using such compounds in the treatment of nuclear hormone receptor-associated conditions such as cancer and immune disorders, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
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