- New iridium-containing conjugated polymers for polymer solar cell applications
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A series of novel donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers P1-P5 with iridium-complexed moieties in their side chains have been synthesized on the basis of a new iridium-containing monomer. The results obtained show that P1-P5 have good thermal stability (317-347 °C) for photovoltaic applications. These copolymers absorb visible light in a broad spectral range up to 680 nm. The optical bandgaps of P1-P5 are in the range of 1.96-2.08 eV, respectively. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers P1-P5 estimated from cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that these copolymers are suitable as electron donors along with PC71BM as an electron acceptor for bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. BHJ polymer solar cells were developed based on blend compositions (P1-P5):PC71BM. The values of Jsc, Voc, and FF are in the range of 0.95-4.44 mA cm?2, 0.67-0.69 V and 34.6-56.8%, and the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) are in the range of 0.22-1.74%, respectively, the highest value of 1.74% being for P3. Increase of the photovoltaic parameters was achieved with increasing iridium complex percentage in the polymers due to involvement of triplet effects. The improvement in the efficiency of the triplet-forming polymers P2 and P3 in comparison with P1 appears to be due to the formation of triplet excitons in comparison with singlet excitons in the polymer P1 which does not contain heavy metals. With further increase in the content of iridium complex fragments in the polymers, for example, up to 3 mol% for polymer P4, the efficiency falls to 1.23% and further decreased to 0.22% for P5.
- Keshtov,Kuklin,Konstantinov,Chen, Fang-Chung,Xie, Zhi-yuan,Sharma, Ganesh D.
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Read Online
- Regiocontrolled Halogen Dance of Bromothiophenes and Bromofurans
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The LDA (lithium diisopropylamide)-promoted regiocontrolled halogen dance of α-bromothiophenes and α-bromofurans is described. Bromothiophenes bearing a diethyl acetal moiety undergo selective deprotonation at the β-position adjacent to the bromo group. In contrast, oxazoline, ester, and amide groups act as directing groups in the initial lithiation step to generate a carbanion at the β-position neighboring the directing group to exclusively give the other regioisomer. These results can be applied to the regiocontrolled halogen dance of bromofuran derivatives.
- Mari, Daichi,Miyagawa, Naoki,Okano, Kentaro,Mori, Atsunori
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p. 14126 - 14137
(2018/11/23)
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- Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in vivo testing of dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-selective inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
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We have identified chemical probes that act as dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-selective inhibitors (>1 log unit difference versus class I HDACs) to decipher the contribution of HDAC isoforms to the positive impact of dua
- Rabal, Obdulia,Sánchez-Arias, Juan A.,Cuadrado-Tejedor, Mar,de Miguel, Irene,Pérez-González, Marta,García-Barroso, Carolina,Ugarte, Ana,Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza, Ander,Sáez, Elena,Espelosin, Maria,Ursua, Susana,Haizhong, Tan,Wei, Wu,Musheng, Xu,Garcia-Osta, Ana,Oyarzabal, Julen
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supporting information
p. 506 - 524
(2018/03/21)
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- HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE IN TREATING HEPATITIS C
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Use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in treating or alleviating HCV, formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R4, Y1, Y2, Y3, A, B and W are as defined in the specification.
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Page/Page column 28
(2009/04/25)
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- Synthesis of 2-thiophenecarboxylic and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid esters via the reaction of thiophenes with the CCl4-ROH reagent in the presence of vanadium, iron, and molybdenum catalysts
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2-Thiophenecarboxylic and 2,5-thiohenedicarboxylic acid esters were synthesized via the reaction of thiophene with the CCl4-ROH-catalyst system, with a total yield of 44-85%. A possible reaction scheme includes the successive steps of alkylation of thiophene with carbon tetrachloride, leading to 2-trichloromethylthiophene, and alcoholysis of the product giving the corresponding 2-thiophenecarboxylate. The best catalysts for this reaction are VO(acac)2, Fe(acac)3, and Mo(CO)6.
- Khusnutdinov,Shchadneva,Baiguzina,Mukminov,Mayakova,Smirnov,Dzhemilev
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experimental part
p. 471 - 478
(2010/03/31)
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- Direct conversion of aromatic ketones to arenecarboxylic esters via carbon-carbon bond-cleavage reactions
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Aromatic methyl ketones, ss-keto esters, and trifluoromethyl-l,3- diketones can be directly converted to arene-carboxylic esters via carbon-carbon bond cleavage of pyridinium iodide intermediates in the presence of copper(II) oxide, iodine, pyridine, and potassium carbonate in alcoholic media. The advantages of the present method in terms of good yields, mild reaction conditions, and inexpensive reagents should make this protocol a valuable alternative to the existing methods.
- Yin, Guodong,Gao, Meng,Wang, Zihua,Wu, Yandong,Wu, Anxin
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experimental part
p. 369 - 372
(2009/04/07)
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- MORPHOLINE COMPOUND
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A compound represented by the formula (1) wherein ring A is aryl optionally having substituent(s) and the like; ring B is arylene optionally having substituent(s) and the like; m=0-2; n=1-5; X is a bond and the like; Y is a bond and the like; and Z is hydrogen atom and the like or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a hydrate or solvate thereof have affinity for CCR3, and can be pharmaceutical products for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of immune or inflammatory diseases.
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Page/Page column 133
(2010/11/27)
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- CaSR ANTAGONIST
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The present invention provides a compound having a calcium-sensitive receptor antagonistic action, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound, particularly a calcium receptor antagonist and a therapeutic drug for osteoporosis. A compound represented by the following formula (1), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or an optically active form thereof: wherein each symbol is as defined in the description.
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Page/Page column 56
(2008/06/13)
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- Novel acyl hydrazino thiophene derivatives, process for preparing them, their use as medicinal products, pharmaceutical compositions and novel use
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The invention concerns novel compounds of formula (I), process for making, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating diseases associated with abnormal physiological behavior in the secretion and/or the activity of cysteine proteases especially c
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Page/Page column 16
(2010/02/12)
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- A simple and facile carboxylation method and its application for synthesis of liquid crystals
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Sonication of a mixture of magnesium powder, 1,2-dibromoethane, aryl bromide and diethyl dicarbonate in THF followed by treatment with BF 3·OEt2 at room temperature afforded aryl ester with reasonable yield. A series of aryl bromides were investigated and transformed to their corresponding aryl esters under the reaction conditions.
- Lee, Adam Shih-Yuan,Wu, Chih-Chiang,Lin, Li-Shin,Hsu, Hsiu-Fu
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p. 568 - 572
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of new polyfunctional magnesiated heterocycles using a chlorine-, bromine-, or iodine-magnesium exchange
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The reaction of heteroaryl iodides with i-PrMgBr (ca. 1.0 equiv) in THF provides the corresponding magnesiated heterocycles. Functional groups such as an ester, cyano, or chloride functions are tolerated in these new Grignard reagents if the exchange can be performed below -20 °C. This is the case for all heterocycles bearing electron-withdrawing groups or chelating functions facilitating the iodine-magnesium exchange. In many cases, the exchange can be extended to heteroaryl bromides, and a case of a chlorine-magnesium exchange is described with tetrachlorothiophene. This new preparation of functionalized heteroarylmagnesium compounds provides after reaction with various electrophiles a new entry to a broad range of polyfunctional pyridines, imidazoles, furanes, thiophenes, pyrroles, antipyrines, and uracil derivatives. The application of the halogenmagnesium exchange in the solid phase allows the performance of solid-phase synthesis, with potential applications for combinatorial chemistry.
- Abarbri, Mohamed,Thibonnet, Jerome,Berillon, Laurent,Dehmel, Florian,Rottlaender, Mario,Knochel, Paul
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p. 4618 - 4634
(2007/10/03)
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- Bromine-magnesium-exchange as a general tool for the preparation of polyfunctional aryl and heteroaryl magnesium-reagents
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The scope of the Br-Mg-exchange reaction for the preparation of polyfunctional aryl and heteroaryl magnesium reagents has been studied. Various functional groups (ester, cyano, bromide) were tolerated in the exchange reaction allowing the preparation of polyfunctional Mg-reagents. Several dibromo- or tribromoheterocycles undergo a chemoselective mono-Br-Mg exchange leading to highly functionalized heterocycles.
- Abarbri, Mohamed,Dehmel, Florian,Knochel, Paul
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p. 7449 - 7453
(2007/10/03)
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- Halogenation Using Quaternary Ammonium Polyhalides. XXXI. Halogenation of Thiophene Derivatives with Benzyltrimethylammonium Polyhalides
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The reactions of thiophene derivatives with benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate, benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide, and benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate in acetic acid or in acetic acid-zinc chloride under mild conditions gave chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-substituted thiophene derivatives, respectively, in satifactory yields.
- Okamoto, Tsuyoshi,Kakinami, Takaaki,Fujimoto, Hiroshi,Kajigaeshi, Shoji
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p. 2566 - 2568
(2007/10/02)
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- Ethynylheteroaromatic-acids having retinoic acid-like activity
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Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 wherein A is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; n is 0-5; and B is H, --COOH and its esters, amides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, --CHO and its acetal derivatives, --COR 1 and its ketal derivatives where R 1 is --(CH 2) n CH 3 where n is defined above, or --CH 2 OH and its ether and acyl ester derivatives; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
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- Charge Density - Activation Energy Correlations in Bromination of Thiophenes by N-Bromosuccinimide in Solution
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The activation energies for N-bromosuccinimide bromination of several thiophene derivatives in 80percent (v/v) aqueous acetic acid have been determined and discussed in the light of electron densities at the reaction site.The effect of substituents at different positions of thiophene ring has been investigated quantitatively by the actual calculation of total (? + ?) charge densities at various positions of the substituted thiophenes.
- Rajaraman, Lalitha,Nanjan, M. J.
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p. 538 - 539
(2007/10/02)
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- Charge Density - Activation Energy Correlations in Electrophilic Bromination of Thiophenes
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Charge density calculations are made on eleven thiophenes by Hueckel LCAO MO and Del Re methods and correlated with experimental activation energies(Ea) obtained for the molecular bromination of these compounds.The need for the inclusion of ?-charges in any correlation of charge density with kinetic data is stressed. - Keywords: Charge density/ Activation energy / Bromination of thiophenes
- Nanjan, M. J.,Kannappan, V.,Ganesan, R.
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