- Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of (thio)alkyl hexopyranosides, nonionic glycolipid mimetics
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A series of 19 synthetic alkyl and thioalkyl glycosides derived from D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose and having C10–C16 aglycone were investigated for cytotoxic activity against 7 human cancer and 2 non-tumor cell lines as well as for antimicrobial potential on 12 bacterial and yeast strains. The most potent compounds were found to be tetradecyl and hexadecyl β-D-galactopyranosides (18, 19), which showed the best cytotoxicity and therapeutic index against CCRF-CEM cancer cell line. Similar cytotoxic activity showed hexadecyl α-D-mannopyranoside (5) but it also inhibited non-tumor cell lines. Because these two galactosides (18, 19) were inactive against all tested bacteria and yeast strains, they could be a target-specific for eukaryotic cells. On the other hand, β-D-glucopyranosides with tetradecyl (11) and hexadecyl (12) aglycone inhibited only Gram-positive bacterial strain Enterococcus faecalis. The studied glycosides induce changes in the lipid bilayer thickness and lateral phase separation at high concentration, as derived from SAXS experiments on POPC model membranes. In general, glucosides and galactosides exhibit more specific properties. Those with longer aglycone show high cytotoxicity and therefore, they are more promising candidates for cancer cell line targeted inhibition.
- Bogdanová, Kate?ina,Combet, Sophie,D?ubák, Petr,Gurská, Soňa,Hajdúch, Marian,Kanjaková, Nina,Klunda, Tomá?,Kolá?, Milan,Poláková, Monika,Uhríková, Daniela
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- Sweet surfactants: Packing parameter-invariant amphiphiles as emulsifiers and capping agents for morphology control of inorganic particles
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Surfactants are not only pivotal constituents in any biological organism in the form of phospholipids, they are also essential for numerous applications benefiting from a large, internal surface, such as in detergents, for emulsification purposes, phase transfer catalysis or even nanoparticle stabilization. A particularly interesting, green class of surfactants contains glycoside head groups. Considering the variability of glycosides, a large number of surfactant isomers become accessible. According to established models in surfactant science such as the packing parameter or the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), they do not differ from each other and should, thus, have similar properties. Here, we present the preparation of a systematic set of glycoside surfactants and in particular isomers. We investigate to which extent they differ in several key features such as critical aggregation concentration, thermodynamic parameters, etc. Analytical methods like isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), tensiometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and others were applied. It was found that glycosurfactant isomers vary in their emulsification properties by up to two orders of magnitude. Finally, we have investigated the role of the surfactants in a microemulsion-based technique for the generation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. We found that the choice of the carbohydrate head has a marked effect on the shape of the formed inorganic nanocrystals.
- Voggel, Michael,Meinusch, Rebecca M.,Siewert, Vanessa,Kunkel, Marius,Wittmann, Valentin,Polarz, Sebastian
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p. 7214 - 7227
(2018/09/26)
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- Micellar effect on the direct Fischer synthesis of alkyl glucosides
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This manuscript presents results from the investigation on the synthesis of alkyl glucosides by the novel, very efficient and environmentally friendly protocol of the Fischer-type synthesis from unprotected glucose and aliphatic alcohols. The use of the dual functionality catalysts (surfactant?+?acid catalyst) and micellar reaction system are the main novelty of described method. It has been found, that in developed method of synthesis the reaction of unprotected glucose with aliphatic alcohols carried out with significantly different route, than the normal (classical) route and leads to alkyl glucopyranoside derivatives with high yields. In progress analyses by DLS, HPLC and GC/MS confirm the general postulated pathway of developed method.
- Nowicki,Woch,Mo?cipan,Nowakowska-Bogdan
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- Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl β-d-Galactopyranoside
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A series of alkyl β-d-galactopyranosides were prepared by the trichloroacetimidate method with d-galactose and alcohols with different chain lengths as raw materials. Their solubility, surface tension, emulsification, foaming, wettability, thermotropic liquid crystalline properties, and thermal stability were investigated. Alkyl β-d-galactopyranosides are soluble in water and ethanol, and the solubility decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. Decyl β-d-galactopyranoside was insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol. Dissolution of alkyl β-d-galactopyranoside in water is an endothermic process with dissolution enthalpies greater than zero. Nonyl β-d-galactopyranoside had an excellent emulsifying?property, better foaming ability and the best foam stability. The CMC values of alkyl β-d-galactopyranosides decrease with increasing of alkyl chain length. Alkyl β-d-galactopyranosides are thermally stable up to 270?°C. Alkyl β-d-galactopyranosides show the distinctive optical texture of a thermotropic liquid crystal smectic A type phase. Decyl β-d-galactopyranoside showed the strongest wettability.
- Chen, Guoyong,Li, Zhencao,Chen, Langqiu,Ji, Shanwei,Shen, Wangzhen
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p. 1095 - 1105
(2016/10/18)
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- Chemoenzymatic synthesis of β-D-glucosides using cellobiose phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum
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Abstract Over the past decade, disaccharide phosphorylases have been successfully applied for the synthesis of numerous α-glucosides. In contrast, much less research has been done with respect to the production of β-glucosides. Although cellobiose phosphorylase was already successfully used for the synthesis of various disaccharides and branched trisaccharides, its glycosylation potential towards small organic compounds has not been explored to date. Unfortunately, disaccharide phosphorylases typically have a very low affinity for non-carbohydrate acceptors, which urges the addition of solvents. The ionic liquid AMMOENGTM 101 and ethyl acetate were identified as the most promising solvents, allowing the synthesis of various β-glucosides. Next to hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and undecyl β-D-glucopyranosides, also the formation of vanillyl 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside, β-citronellyl β-D-glucopyranoside and 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl hydroquinone was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the stability of cellobiose phosphorylase could be drastically improved by creating cross-linked enzyme aggregates, while the efficiency of the biocatalyst for the synthesis of octyl β-D-glucopyranoside was doubled by imprinting with octanol. The usefulness of the latter system was illustrated by performing three consecutive batch conversions with octanol imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregates, yielding roughly 2 g of octyl β-D-glucopyranoside.
- De Winter, Karel,Van Renterghem, Lisa,Wuyts, Kathleen,Pelantová, Helena,K?en, Vladimír,Soetaert, Wim,Desmet, Tom
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p. 1961 - 1969
(2015/06/02)
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- Protecting-group-free O-glysosidation using p-toluenesulfonohydrazide and glycosyl chloride donors
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A range of N′-glycosylsulfonohydrazides (GSHs) display good reactivity but poor stereoselectivity in protecting-group-free O-glycosidations when a moderate excess of the model acceptor n-decanol is employed. This stable, readily-accessed class of donor may be more tractable for the glycosylation of non-volatile acceptors than Fischer's glycosidation conditions. It is possible to generate unprotected glycosyl chlorides from GSHs in situ. In an effort to find conditions to improve glycosidation stereoselectivity, methanolysis of unprotected glucosyl chloride under halide-ion exchange conditions was examined. Relative to its tetra-O-benzyl analogue, this donor displays moderate, inverted stereoselectivity and a significantly faster reaction rate.
- Williams, Rohan J.,Paul, Caroline E.,Nitz, Mark
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- A novel type of highly effective nonionic gemini Alkyl O-glucoside surfactants: A nersatile strategy of design
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A novel type of highly effective gemini alkyl glucosides has been rationally designed and synthesized. The gemini surfactants have been readily prepared by glycosylation of the gemini alkyl chains that are synthesized with regioselective ring-opening of ethylene glycol epoxides by the alkyl alcohols. The new gemini alkyl glucosides exhibit significantly better surface activity than the known results. Then rheological, DLS, and TEM studies have revealed the intriguing self-assembly behavior of the novel gemini surfactants. This study has proved the effectiveness of the design of gemini alkyl glucosides which is modular, extendable, and synthetically simple. The new gemini surfactants have great potential as nano carriers in drug and gene delivery.
- Liu, Songbai,Sang, Ruocheng,Hong, Shan,Cai, Yujing,Wang, Hua
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p. 8511 - 8516
(2013/07/26)
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- The anomeric mixture of some O-galactolipid derivatives is more toxic against cancer cells than either anomer alone
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The anomeric mixture of a series of O-galactolipid derivatives is revealed to be more toxic against several cancer cell lines than their either single component with the pure α- or β-configuration. This interesting phenomenon has been confirmed on pairs of synthesized O-galactosyl anomers bearing length-varied alkyl chains at the lipid end. Furthermore, the most potent mixture was determined inoffensive to a normal cell line tested.
- Song, Shao-Xing,Wu, Ming-Li,He, Xiao-Peng,Zhou, Yu-Bo,Sheng, Li,Li, Jia,Chen, Guo-Rong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2030 - 2032
(2012/04/23)
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- Significantly improved equilibrium yield of long-chain alkyl glucosides via reverse hydrolysis in a water-poor system using cross-linked almond meal as a cheap and robust biocatalyst
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An array of ten β-D-glucopyranosides with varied alkyl chain lengths were enzymatically synthesized. It was found that for longer alkyl chains a lower initial rate and final yield of glucoside was obtained except for methyl glucoside because of the severe toxicity of methanol to the enzyme. From a thermodynamics point of view, the equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy variation of the glucoside syntheses were systematically investigated. To improve the final yields of the glucosides containing long alkyl chains the equilibrium of the enzymatic glucoside synthesis was altered. The equilibrium yield of decyl β-D-glucoside increased from 1.9 to 6.1 when the water content was reduced from 10 to 5 (v/v) using tert-butanol as a cosolvent and 0.10 mol/L of glucose as a substrate. As for the other longer alkyl chain glucosides, heptyl β-D-glucoside was found to have significant surface activity as well.
- Wang, Qinqqin,Yu, Huilei,Zhao, Na,Li, Chunxiu,Shang, Yazhuo,Liu, Honglai,Xu, Jianhe
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p. 275 - 280
(2012/06/29)
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- Significantly Improved Equilibrium Yield of Long-Chain Alkyl Glucosides via Reverse Hydrolysis in a Water-Poor System Using Cross-Linked Almond Meal as a Cheap and Robust Biocatalyst
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An array of ten β-D-glucopyranosides with varied alkyl chain lengths were enzymatically synthesized. It was found that for longer alkyl chains a lower initial rate and final yield of glucoside was obtained except for methyl glucoside because of the severe toxicity of methanol to the enzyme. From a thermodynamics point of view, the equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy variation of the glucoside syntheses were systematically investigated. To improve the final yields of the glucosides containing long alkyl chains the equilibrium of the enzymatic glucoside synthesis was altered. The equilibrium yield of decyl β-D-glucoside increased from 1.9% to 6.1% when the water content was reduced from 10% to 5% (v/v) using tert-butanol as a cosolvent and 0.10 mol/L of glucose as a substrate. As for the other longer alkyl chain glucosides, heptyl β-D-glucoside was found to have significant surface activity as well.
- Wang, Qinqqin,Yu, Huilei,Zhao, Na,Li, Chunxiu,Shang, Yazhuo,Liu, Honglai,Xu, Jianhe
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p. 275 - 280
(2016/04/10)
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- Current perspectives on microwave-enhanced reactions of monosaccharides promoted by heterogeneous catalysts
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Involvement of heterogeneous catalysts as promoters of carbohydrate conversions, in synergy with microwaves as the heating source, is reported. This paper deals with the application of ion-exchange resins, zeolites, clays and metal oxides as convenient mediators for key transformations of carbohydrates. A special emphasis is placed on the use of (doped) mineral supports, in solventless conditions, as clean promoters in combination with microwave dielectric heating.
- Richel, Aurore,Laurent, Pascal,Wathelet, Bernard,Wathelet, Jean-Paul,Paquot, Michel
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scheme or table
p. 141 - 147
(2012/02/04)
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- A convenient stereoselective synthesis of β-D-glucopyranosides
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The Koenigs-Knorr method plays a prominent role in the stereoselective synthesis of alkyl D-glucopyranosides via glycosidic linkage. Such an approach requires costly and toxic promoter salts of silver or mercury, which have additional separation problems. In a novel method a less toxic promoter salt like LiCO3 is used for glycosidation of several fatty alcohols including an aromatic alcohol. LiCO3 can be easily separated from the reaction mass and gives good yield.
- Joshi, Vishal Y.,Sawant, Manohar R.
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p. 461 - 465
(2007/10/03)
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- BF3 etherate-induced formation of C7-C 16-alkyl β-D-glucopyranosides
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BF3 etherate-induced formation of C7-C 16-alkyl D-glucopyranosides is used as the key step in their synthesis from glucose and C7-C16-alkanols.
- Petrovic, Zorica,Konstantinovic, Stanimir,Spasojevic, Aleksandra
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p. 132 - 134
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel reaction systems for the synthesis of O-glucosides by enzymatic reverse hydrolysis
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Our studies are presented to replace alcohols as solvents in reverse hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by immobilized β-glucosidase to synthesize O-substituted β-D-glucopyranosides in preparative-scale. We found that 1,2-diacetoxyethane is a suitable solvent and O-alkyl or aryl β-D-glucosides were synthesized in moderate yields (after isolation 12-19%). In these reactions proportion of glucose and glucosyl acceptor hydroxy compounds was 1:20. We suggest that 1,2-diacetoxyethane can be useful not only for alcohols but for other glucosyl donor compounds unsuitable for the role of solvent (e.g., phenols) in the synthesis of O-β-D-glucosides by reverse hydrolysis.
- Balogh, Teréz,Boross, László,Kosáry, Judit
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p. 679 - 682
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of C7-C16-alkyl glycosides: Part III - Synthesis of alkyl D-galactopyranosides in the presence of tin(IV) chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst
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The Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylation reaction of β-peracetylated sugar derivative (galactose) with fatty alkanols is used in a synthesis of C7-C16-alkyl galactopyranosides. The process occurs under the influence of tin(IV) chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst.
- Konstantinovi?,Dimitrijevi?,Radulovi?
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p. 598 - 603
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of C7-C16-alkyl glycosides: Part I - Synthesis of alkyl D-glucopyranosides in the presence of tin (IV) chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst
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The Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylation reaction of β-peracetylated sugar derivative (glucose) with fatty alkanols is used in a synthesis of C7-C16-alkyl glucopyranosides. The process occurs under the influence of tin (IV) chloride.
- Konstantinovic,Predojevic,Mojsilovic,Dimitrijevic,Milosevic
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p. 796 - 801
(2007/10/03)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of alkyl glycosides
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The reaction of sugars with alcohols and catalytic amounts of an acid in a high frequency field (2.45 GHz) leads to high yields of the corresponding alkyl glycosides. The ratio of the α/β-anomers is influenced by the reaction conditions and reaction controlling.
- Nuechter,Ondruschka,Lautenschlaeger
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p. 1277 - 1283
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of alkyl α- and β-D-glucopyranosides, thermotropic properties and X-ray analysis
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Monohydrates of heptyl to decyl α-D-glucopyranosides as obtained from product mixtures of the Fischer glucosylation were crystallized from water at the Krafft point. The results of the single-crystal X-ray analysis of anhydrous α anomers and their monohydrates provide for a better understanding of crystal formation and stability of their hydrates. The preparation of alkyl β-D-glucopyranosides-without concomitant formation of α anomers as by-products-has been described. The thermotropic properties have been investigated for the α compounds and their monohydrates, and for the β-D-glucopyranosides. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Adasch, Volker,Hoffmann, Bettina,Milius, Wolfgang,Platz, Gerhard,Voss, Gundula
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p. 177 - 187
(2007/10/03)
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- Solvent-free synthesis of decyl D-glycopyranosides under focused microwave irradiation
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A three step microwave assisted solvent-free synthesis of decyl D-glucopyranoside with 1-decanol was established for D-glucose and extended to D-galactose, D-mannose and N-troc-D-glucosamine with 70% average overall yield for the three steps (peracetylation, glycosylation and saponification). Rate enhancements and reduction of the reaction time were observed for the two last steps carried out under microwave irradiation when compared to conventional heating in the same conditions.
- Limousin,Cleophax,Petit,Loupy,Lukacs
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p. 327 - 342
(2007/10/03)
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- Effective transgalactosylation catalysed by a lipid-coated β-D-galactosidase in organic solvents
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A lipid-coated β-D-galactosidase was prepared, which was soluble in most organic solvents such as diisopropyl ether, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and benzene, but insoluble in aqueous solution. It could act as an efficient transgalactosylation catalyst for various hydrophobic alcohols with p-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside in dry diisopropyl ether. When a native β-D-galactosidase was used in aqueous solution containing acetonitrile for the same reaction, the yield of the transgalactosylation was low due to the predominant process of hydrolysis. The enzyme activity for the galactosylation depended on coating lipid molecules, the origin of the enzyme used, the reaction's organic solvents and the chemical structures of the acceptor alcohols. Copyright 1996 by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Okahata, Yoshio,Mori, Toshiaki
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p. 2861 - 2866
(2007/10/03)
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- Enzymatic Synthesis of ω-Hydroxyalkyl and n-Alkyl β-D-Galactopyranosides by the Transglycosylation Reaction of β-Galactosidase
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ω-Hydroxyalkyl and n-alkyl β-D-galactopyranosides were directly prepared in high yield from 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol by the transglycosylation reaction of o-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) or lactose using β-galactosidase.
- Matsumura, Shuichi,Kubokawa, Hiroo,Yoshikawa, Sadao
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p. 945 - 948
(2007/10/02)
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