- Esterase-Triggered Self-Immolative Thiocarbamates Provide Insights into COS Cytotoxicity
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gasotransmitter and biomolecule, and many synthetic small-molecule H2S donors have been developed for H2S-related research. One important class of triggerable H2S donors is
- Levinn, Carolyn M.,Steiger, Andrea K.,Pluth, Michael D.
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Read Online
- 'AND'-based fluorescence scaffold for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte
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Traditionally, fluorescence probes have focused on the detection of a single biomarker for a specific process. In this work, we set out to develop a number of fluorescence probes that enable the detection of a chosen analyte in the presence of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). These fluorescence probes when activated result in the formation of the highly fluorescent pink dye, resorufin. Therefore, we have labelled these fluorescent probes as -Pinkments'. Our first -Pinkment' was shown to detect biologically relevant concentrations of ONOO- and have an excellent selectivity against other ROS/RNS. Pinkment-OH was developed to provide a core unit which could be easily functionalised to produce a range of -AND' based fluorescence probes for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte. For proof of concept, we synthesised Pinkment-OTBS and Pinkment-OAc. These -AND'-based probes were successfully shown to detect ROS/RNS and F- or esterase, respectively.
- Odyniec, Maria L.,Sedgwick, Adam C.,Swan, Alexander H.,Weber, Maria,Tang, T. M. Simon,Gardiner, Jordan E.,Zhang, Miao,Jiang, Yun-Bao,Kociok-Kohn, Gabriele,Elmes, Robert B. P.,Bull, Steven D.,He, Xiao-Peng,James, Tony D.
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supporting information
p. 8466 - 8469
(2018/08/04)
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- MODIFIED THYMINE POLYNUCLEOTIDE OLIGOMERS AND METHODS
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Disclosed are modified thymine bases that provide enhanced base-pairing affinity for adenine or 2,6-diaminopurine bases in polynucleotide hybridization complexes. Also disclosed are polynucleotide oligomers, polynucleotide hybridization complexes that com
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Paragraph 00201
(2015/11/17)
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- MODIFIED CYTOSINE POLYNUCLEOTIDE OLIGOMERS AND METHODS
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Disclosed are modified cytosine bases that provide enhanced base-pairing affinity for guanine bases in polynucleotide hybridization complexes. Also disclosed are polynucleotide oligomers, polynucleotide hybridization complexes that comprise such modified
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Paragraph 00201
(2015/11/30)
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- SYNTHESIS OF MORPHOLINO OLIGOMERS USING DOUBLY PROTECTED GUANINE MORPHOLINO SUBUNITS
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Morpholino compounds are provided having the structure: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, di(lower alkyl)amino, and phenyl;R2 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, monocyclic arylmethyl, a
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Page/Page column 6-7
(2009/05/28)
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- Bioreversible protection of nucleoside diphosphates
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(Figure Presented) Going incognito: A new prodrug approach has been developed to facilitate the diffusion of highly polar polyphosphorylated nucleosides across cell membranes (see scheme). Inside the cell, the masking groups on the nucleoside diphosphate
- Jessen, Henning Jacob,Schulz, Tilmann,Balzarini, Jan,Meier, Chris
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8719 - 8722
(2009/05/15)
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- Chemical insights in the concept of hybrid drugs: The antitumor effect of nitric oxide-donating aspirin involves a quinone methide but not nitric oxide nor aspirin
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Hybrid drug 1 (NO-ASA) continues to attract intense research from chemists and biologists alike. It consists of ASA and a -ONO2 group connected through a spacer and is in preclinical development as an antitumor drug. We report that, contrary to current beliefs, neither ASA nor NO contributes to this antitumor effect. Rather, an unsubstituted QM was identified as the sole cytotoxic agent. QM forms from 1 after carboxylic ester hydrolysis and, in accordance with the HSAB theory, selectively reacts with cellular GSH, which in turn triggers cell death. Remarkably, a derivative lacking ASA and the -ONO 2 group is 10 times more effective than 1. Thus, our data provide a conclusive molecular mechanism for the antitumor activity of 1. Equally importantly, we show for the first time that a "presumed invisible" linker in a hybrid drug is not so invisible after all and is in fact solely responsible for the biological effect.
- Hulsman, Niels,Medema, Jan Paul,Bos, Carina,Jongejan, Aldo,Leurs, Rob,Smit, Martine J.,De Esch, Iwan J. P.,Richel, Dick,Wijtmans, Maikel
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p. 2424 - 2431
(2008/02/03)
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- Total synthesis of the hydroxyketone kurasoin A using asymmetric phase-transfer alkylation
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The total synthesis of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor kurasoin A has been achieved using a novel asymmetric phase-transfer-catalyzed glycolate alkylation reaction. 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone 7 with cinchonidinium catalyst 9 (10 mol %) and hydroxide base
- Andrus, Merritt B.,Hicken, Erik J.,Stephens, Jeffrey C.,Bedke, D. Karl
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p. 8651 - 8654
(2007/10/03)
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- Asymmetric phase-transfer catalyzed glycolate alkylation, investigation of the scope, and application to the synthesis of (-)-ragaglitazar
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Asymmetric glycolate alkylation using a protected acetophenone surrogate under solid-liquid phase-transfer conditions is a new approach to the synthesis of 2-hydroxy esters and acids. Diphenylmethyloxy-2,5-dimethoxyacetophenone 1 with a trifluorobenzyl ci
- Andrus, Merritt B.,Hicken, Erik J.,Stephens, Jeffrey C.,Karl Bedke
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p. 9470 - 9479
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-activity relationships of the estrogenic sesquiterpene ester ferutinin. Modification of the terpenoid core
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Esterification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, a very weak estrogenic compound, with the daucane alcohol jaeschkeanadiol (1b) leads to a spectacular magnification of the estrogenic activity. To identify the structural elements responsible for this effect, the terpenoid core of jaeschkeanadiol p-hydroxybenzoate (ferutinin, 1a) was modified, capitalizing on the presence of two functionalities, the monoacylated, hydrogen-bonded 1,3-diol system and the double bond. The hydrogen bonding, while possibly useful, was not critical for activity, while hydrogenation and cyclopropanation of the double bond were tolerated. Conversely, oxidative modifications of the double bond that placed a hydroxyl on the α-face of the molecule proved detrimental. Taken together, these observations identified the substitution at C-8/C-9 as critical for activity.
- Appendino, Giovanni,Spagliardi, Paola,Sterner, Olov,Milligan, Stuart
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p. 1557 - 1564
(2007/10/03)
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- 5-lipoxygenase activating protein
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An 18kD protein (FLAP) has been isolated from rat and human cells which is necessary for production of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid in mammalian cells containing 5-lipoxygenase. The gene (cDNA) encoding for FLAP has also been produced.
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