- Mixed alkylthiophene-based heterocyclic polymers containing oxadiazole units via electrochemical polymerisation: Spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties
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Symmetric alkylthiophene-based mixed heterocyclic trimer and pentamer. containing central oxadiazole units, have been prepared. Because of the electron-withdrawing properties of oxadiazole, the trimer cannot be electropolymerised and undergoes an oxidative-type destruction at high potentials. In contrast, the pentamer readily polymerises, giving a short chain polymer. Both trimer and pentamer exhibit strong photoluminescence with a maximum at 399 nm (13% quantum yield) and 467 nm (46% quantum yield), respectively. The polymer resulting from the electropolymerisation of the pentamer is also luminescent with the maximum of the excitation band at 528 nm (33% quantum yield). The polymer can be oxidatively doped as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, showing a clear anodic peak at 0.62 V versus Ag/Ag + and its cathodic counterpart at 0.56 V, associated with the undoping process. The significantly higher potential of the oxidative doping of the prepared mixed heterocyclic polymer, as compared to the poly(alkylthiophene) homopolymer of similar molecular weight, is caused by the presence of the oxadiazole unit, which lowers the electron density in the π-electron system of the oligothiophene subunit and makes its oxidation more difficult. The spectroelectrochemical investigation of the polymer is consistent with its voltammetric behaviour, exhibiting doping-induced bleaching of the band originating from the π-π* transition and simultaneous growth of the bipolaron bands. The observed clear and reversible spectroelectrochemical behaviour makes the developed polymer a promising candidate for applications in electrochromic devices or electrochemical sensors. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2005.
- Fisyuk, Alexander S.,Demadrille, Renaud,Querner, Claudia,Zagorska, Malgorzata,Bleuse, Joel,Pron, Adam
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- A Directed Metalation Approach to 2-Trialkylammoniomethyl-3-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-thiophene Iodides: Precursors to 2,3-Bis(methylene)-2,3-dihydrothiophene
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Syntheses of precursors to 2,3-bis(methylene)-2,3-dihydrothiophene (2) are described.As key step, a lithiation reaction using secondary carboxamido functionality as directing group is used.
- Plant, Andrew,Chadwick, Derek J.
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Read Online
- A streamlined synthesis of androstadiene C-17 ester derivatives
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The development of a fully telescoped synthesis of a derivative of androstadiene C-17 esters made from epoxyparamethasone was demonstrated. This streamlining allowed for the elimination of isolation and solvent change after each synthetic step. Thus it not only drastically reduced the solvent waste, but also minimized the potential exposure to highly active intermediates thereby increasing the overall yield. The intuitively obvious advantage inherent to lowering the number of solvents was illustrated by applying standard green metrics.
- Gallou, Fabrice,Seeger-Weibel, Manuela,Lupp, Daniel
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- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Photoenolization/Diels–Alder Reaction of Acid Fluorides
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The combination of light activation and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has enabled the use of acid fluorides as substrates in a UVA-light-mediated photochemical transformation previously observed only with aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Stoichiometric studies and TD-DFT calculations support a mechanism involving the photoactivation of an ortho-toluoyl azolium intermediate, which exhibits “ketone-like” photochemical reactivity under UVA irradiation. Using this photo-NHC catalysis approach, a novel photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) process was developed that leads to diverse isochroman-1-one derivatives.
- Agrawal, Arush,G?tze, Jan P.,Golz, Paul,Hopkinson, Matthew N.,Mavroskoufis, Andreas,Rajes, Keerthana,Ru?, Vincent
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supporting information
p. 3190 - 3194
(2020/01/24)
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- Preparation method of thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-7(6h)-ketone
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The invention discloses a preparation method of thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-7(6h)-ketone, belonging to a thienopyridine compound. According to the technical key points, the preparation method comprises thefollowing operation steps of: adding 3-methylthiophene-2-formamide to tetrahydrofuran, then adding DMF-DMA, completely reacting after carrying out heating reflux for 2 to 3 hours, boiling off the tetrahydrofuran and the DMF-DMA under reduced pressured to obtain an oily matter; then adding the oily matter to the tetrahydrofuran, adding alkali in batches, carrying out heating reflux for 1.5-3 hourstill completely reacting, boiling off the tetrahydrofuran, adding 400 to 500ml of water and stirring for 1-2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain the thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-7(6h)-ketone. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that raw materials have relatively low price, the operation steps are simple, and the safety performance in the preparation process is improved.
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Paragraph 0034-0035
(2019/04/27)
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- Combined Acylselenourea-Diselenide Structures: New Potent and Selective Antitumoral Agents as Autophagy Activators
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A series of 16 new diselenide-acylselenourea conjugates have been designed following the fragment-based drug strategy. Compound in vitro cytotoxic potential was evaluated against six human cancer cell lines and two nonmalignant derived cell lines with the aim of determining their potency and selectivity. Nine derivatives exhibited GI50 values under 10 μM in at least four cancer cell lines. A clear gap situated phenyl substitution over heterocyclic moieties in terms of selectivity. Among carbocyclic compounds, derivatives 2 and 7 significantly inhibited cell growth of breast adenocarcinoma cells with GI50 values of 1.30 and 0.15 nM, respectively, with selectivity indexes 12 and 121 times higher than those obtained for doxorubicin. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that compounds 2 and 7 induce cell cycle arrest and autophagy-dependent cell death evidenced by the blockage of cell death with pretreatment with wortmannin or chloroquine and confirmed by the upregulation of the markers Beclin1 and LC3B in MCF-7 cells.
- Garnica, Pablo,Encío, Ignacio,Plano, Daniel,Palop, Juan A.,Sanmartín, Carmen
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supporting information
p. 306 - 311
(2018/04/20)
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- Pd(II)-Catalyzed Arylation and Intramolecular Amidation of γ-C(sp3)-H Bonds: En Route to Arylheteroarylmethane and Pyrrolidone Ring Annulated Furan/Thiophene Scaffolds
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We report the Pd(II)-catalyzed, bidentate directing group (BDG)-assisted arylation and successive arylation/intramolecular amidation of γ-C(sp3)-H bonds. The Pd(II)-catalyzed BDG-assisted C-H activation and functionalization of the β-C(sp3)-H bonds of carboxylic acids are well documented, but only a few reports are available that deal with the BDG-directed functionalization of the γ-C(sp3)-H bonds. Various 3-methylthiophene/furan-2-carboxamides (1a-e) were derived from their corresponding carboxylic acids and bidentate directing groups. These compounds were then used as substrates to investigate the arylation and successive arylation/intramolecular amidation of the γ-C(sp3)-H bonds. The γ-C(sp3)-H arylation arose from the Pd(II)-catalyzed reactions of these compounds with aryl iodides with reaction periods of 4-24 h (except a few reactions which required 36 or 48 h). Notably, these reactions led to the construction of various unsymmetrical diarylmethane scaffolds, such as thiophene/furan-based arylheteroarylmethanes (3-6). Prolonging the reaction period to 48-70 h led to successive γ-C(sp3)-H arylation/intramolecular amidation and the construction of both C-C and C-N bonds. Accordingly, these reactions led to the construction of new classes of pyrrolidone-ring annulated thiophene/furan-based heterocyclic scaffolds (e.g., 4,5-dihydro-6H-thieno[2,3-c]pyrrol-6-ones (8), 4,5-dihydro-6H-furo[2,3-c]pyrrol-6-ones (10), and 1-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-c]pyrrol-3-ones (12)), and notably, compounds 8, 10, and 12 resemble the skeletons of 3-phenylisoindolin-1-ones.
- Parella, Ramarao,Babu, Srinivasarao Arulananda
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p. 7123 - 7150
(2017/07/26)
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- Design, synthesis and activity evaluation study of novel substituted N-sulfonyl homoserine lactone derivatives as bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors
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A novel series of N-sulfonyl homoserine lactone derivatives 7a–7m has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for quorum sensing inhibitory activities through the violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Compound 7e displayed the high level of inhibitory activity among all the compounds synthesized. Studies of structure-activity relationship indicated that compounds with thiophene group in side chain showed better activity than those substituted by furan, pyrrole, pyridyl, and phenethyl group. Thiophene substituted compounds which connected electron withdrawing group exhibited better inhibitory activity relate to those connected electron donating group. Further analysis indicated that compound bearing an electron withdrawing substituent at the position 2 of their thiophene ring exhibited superior activity against violacein production to those bearing the substituent at the position 3 and 4. Compound 7e in particular, with IC50 value of 6.19 μM, were identified as promising lead compounds for further development.
- Sun, Qi,Zhao, Mingming,Liang, Jingwei,Xiao, Junhai,Meng, Fanhao
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p. 3345 - 3353
(2017/11/16)
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- Iron-Catalyzed, Fluoroamide-Directed C-H Fluorination
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This communication describes a mild, amide-directed fluorination of benzylic, allylic, and unactivated C-H bonds mediated by iron. Upon exposure to a catalytic amount of iron(II) triflate (Fe(OTf)2), N-fluoro-2-methylbenzamides undergo chemoselective fluorine transfer to provide the corresponding fluorides in high yield. The reaction demonstrates broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance without the use of any noble metal additives. Mechanistic and computational experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds through short-lived radical intermediates with F-transfer mediated directly by iron.
- Groendyke, Brian J.,Abusalim, Deyaa I.,Cook, Silas P.
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supporting information
p. 12771 - 12774
(2016/10/13)
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- Synthesis, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines
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A series of N-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines were synthesized and screened for antileishmanial activity through an in vitro assay that involves promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis. The thiophen-2-yl analogs 9b and 11f and naphthyl analog 11h were found to show significant activity against promastigotes with IC50 values of 12.7, 9.1 and 22.1 μM, respectively. Analogs 9b and 11h were also effective against axenic amastigotes with IC50 values of 62.8 and 87.6 μM, respectively. The antileishmanial activity of analogs was then tested in human macrophage cell line infected with L. donovani amastigotes and 2-naphthyl linked analog 11h was found to be effective with IC50 value of 28.3 μM. Several analogs also displayed antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent for human African trypanosomiasis. Compounds 11e, 11f and 11h were more effective than others with IC50 values of 1.0, 8.9 and 10.2 μM, respectively. All synthesized analogs were not cytotoxic towards mammalian cell lines including Vero (monkey kidney fibroblasts), HEPG2 (human hepatoma cells), LLC-PK1 (pig kidney epithelial cells) and THP-1 (human macrophages).
- Manda, Sudhakar,Khan, Shabana I.,Jain, Surendra K.,Mohammed, Shabber,Tekwani, Babu L.,Khan, Ikhlas A.,Vishwakarma, Ram A.,Bharate, Sandip B.
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supporting information
p. 3247 - 3250
(2014/07/22)
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- Green halogenation of aromatic heterocycles using ammonium halide and hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid solvent
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The green generation of X+ (X = Br, I) using hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acetic acid allows access to aromatic heterocyclic halides in yields and purities comparable to syntheses employing N-bromosuccinimide. In activated and unsubstituted thiophene rings, regioselectivity is quantitative for positions α to the sulfur; pyrroles also give quantitative reactions, at least initially. Deactivated rings, including furans and thiazoles, as well as thiophenes with strongly electron-withdrawing groups showed little to no reactivity under the conditions investigated. The reaction shows remarkable functional group tolerance (to alcohol, nitro, alkyl, halo, and carbonyl groups), as shown through reaction with substituted phenols. In all bromination reactions, reaction yields and regiochemistry were very similar to reactions involving N-bromosuccinimide in tetrahydrofuran solvent.
- D'Aleo, Danielle N.,Allard, Sheena R.,Foglia, Cassandra C.,Parent, Shawna L.M.,Rohr, David J.,Gottardo, Christine,MacKinnon, Craig D.
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p. 679 - 683
(2013/08/23)
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- SULFOXIMINES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to regulate, modulate and/or inhibit abnormal cell proliferation.
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Page/Page column 70-71
(2008/12/05)
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- Kinase Inhibitors
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The present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to regulate, modulate and/or inhibit abnormal cell proliferation.
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Page/Page column 154
(2008/06/13)
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- Structure-activity relationship development of dihaloaryl triazole compounds as insecticides and acaricides. 1. Phenyl thiophen-2-yl triazoles
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An extended lipophilic system that incorporated some key elements of first-generation 2,6-dihaloaryl actives, such as 1, demonstrated desirable efficacy against chewing insects as well as sap-feeding insects. These four-ring systems, based on 2, were acce
- Cudworth, Denise P.,Hegde, Vidyadhar B.,Yap, Maurice C. H.,Guenthenspberger, Katherine A.,Hamilton, Christopher T.,Pechacek, James T.,Johnson, Peter L.,Bis, Scott J.,Tisdell, F. Eugene,Dripps, James E.,Bruce, Timothy J.,Dintenfass, Leonard P.,Gifford, James M.,Karr, Laura L.,Kempe, Margaret K.,McCormick, D'Lee C.,Schoonover Jr., Joseph R.
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p. 7517 - 7526
(2008/09/20)
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- N-Glycosyl-thiophene-2-carboxamides: synthesis, structure and effects on the growth of diverse cell types
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A range of N-glycosyl-thiophene-2-carboxamides, including a 6H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one and a bivalent compound, have been synthesised and assayed for their effects on DNA synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells or on the growth of synoviocytes. Per-O-acetylated analogues of the glycoconjugates were significantly more effective inhibitors when compared to their corresponding non-acetylated analogues, indicating that the lower potency observed for hydroxylated derivatives is due to less efficient transport of these compounds across the cell membrane. Thiophene-2-carboxamide was inactive as an inhibitor of bFGF induced proliferation, confirming the requirement of the carbohydrate residue for the observed biological properties. Glucose, mannose, galactose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucose analogues were active as were a variety of substituted thiophene derivatives; the 6H-thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-one conjugate was inactive. Conformational analysis of the title compounds was investigated. X-ray crystal structural analysis of four N-glucosyl-thiophene-2-carboxamides showed that the pyranose rings adopted the expected 4C1 conformations and that Z-anti structures were predominant (H1-C1-N-H anomeric torsion angle varied from -168.2° to -175.0°) and that the carbonyl oxygen and sulfur of the thiophene adopted an s-cis conformation in three of the isomers. In a crystal structure of a 3-alkynyl derivative, the hydrogen atom of the NH group was directed toward the acetylene group. The distance between the hydrogen atom and acetylene carbons and angles between nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon atoms were consistent with hydrogen bonding and this was supported by IR and NMR spectroscopic studies. The geometries of thiophene-2-carboxamides were explored by density functional theory (DFT) and Moller-Plesset (MP2) calculations and the s-cis conformer of thiophene-2-carboxamide was found to be more stable than its s-trans isomer by 0.83 kcal mol-1. The s-cis conformer of 3-ethynyl-thiophene-2-carboxamide was 5.32 kcal mol-1 more stable than the s-trans isomer. The larger stabilisation for the s-cis conformer in the 3-alkynyl derivatives is explained to be due to a moderate hydrogen bonding interaction between the alkyne and NH group.
- Rawe, Sarah L.,Doyle, Dearbhla,Zaric, Violeta,Rozas, Isabel,McMahon, Kevin,Tosin, Manuela,Bunz, Helge Mueller,Murphy, Evelyn P.,O' Boyle, Kathy M.,Murphy, Paul V.
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p. 1370 - 1390
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of novel 4,4-difluorobenzazepine derivatives as non-peptide antagonists of the arginine vasopressin V 1A receptor
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To find potent and selective antagonists of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1A receptor, optimization studies of compounds structurally related to (Z)-N-{4′-[(4,4-difluoro-5-carbamoylmethylidene-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- 1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl
- Shimada, Yoshiaki,Taniguchi, Nobuaki,Matsuhisa, Akira,Akane, Hiroaki,Kawano, Noriyuki,Suzuki, Takeshi,Tobe, Takahiko,Kakefuda, Akio,Yatsu, Takeyuki,Tahara, Atsuo,Tomura, Yuichi,Kusayama, Toshiyuki,Wada, Koh-Ichi,Tsukada, Junko,Orita, Masaya,Tsunoda, Takashi,Tanaka, Akihiro
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p. 1827 - 1837
(2007/10/03)
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- α2 adrenoceptor agonists as potential analgesic agents. 3. Imidazolylmethylthiophenes
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A series of imidazolylmethylthiophenes has been prepared and evaluated as ligands for the α2 adrenoceptor. These compounds were tested in two animal models that are predictive of analgesic activity in humans. The 3-thienyl compounds were generally the most potent, particularly those with substitution in the 4-position. A subset of the most active compounds was further evaluated for adverse cardiovascular effects in the anesthetized rat model. In addition to excellent binding at the α2D adrenoceptor, the 4-bromo analogues 20e and 21e were very active in the rat abdominal irritant test (RAIT) with ED50 doses of 0.38 and 0.31 mg/kg, respectively. We constructed a pharmacophore model based on the biological activity of the present series, dexmedetomidine (1), and conformationally restrained analogues 3 and 4.
- Boyd,Rasmussen,Press,Raffa,Codd,Connelly,Li,Martinez,Lewis,Almond,Reitz
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p. 863 - 872
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and antitumour activity of new derivatives of flavone-8- acetic acid (FAA). Part 31): 2-Heteroaryl derivatives
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A range of 14 derivatives of flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) with a heterocyclic substituent in place of the 2-phenyl group have been prepared and their anti-tumour activity evaluated in vitro against a panel of human and murine tumour cell lines and in vivo against MAC 15A. Some of the compounds, notably 2c,d and s, showed significant in vivo activity and these require further studies in order to evaluate their potential for development.
- Aitken, R. Alan,Bibby, Michael C.,Bielefeldt, Florian,Double, John A.,Laws, Andrea L.,Mathieu, Anne-Laure,Ritchie, Robert B.,Wilson, David W. J.
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p. 405 - 411
(2007/10/03)
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- Retinoids as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Synthesis, cytostatic and differentiating activities of new heterocyclic analogues of retinoic acid
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The synthesis of a new class of heterocyclic analogues of retinoids and their cytostatic and differentiating activities against HL-60 cells are reported. Several of the tested compounds (i.e. 7c, 7e, and 7f) were markedly more cytostatic to HL-60 than oth
- Manfredini,Simoni,Caminiti,Vertuani,Invidiata,Moscato,Hatse,De Clercq,Balzarini
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p. 291 - 304
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Conformationally-Constrained Glutamate Analogues of the Antitumor Agents DDATHF, LY254155, and LY231514
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Analogues of the active antitumor agents DDATHF (4), LY254155 (11), and LY231514 (14) have been prepared in which the rotational flexibility of the benzoylglutamate amide linkage is constrained by incorporation of a methylene bridge between the glutamate amide nitrogen and the ortho position of the aromatic ring. Evaluation of the resulting isoindolinones as in vitro inhibitors of the growth of CCRF-CEM cells revealed that, although some analogues retained activity, in no case was cytotoxicity enhanced, and in some cases it was substantially reduced.
- Taylor, Edward C.,Jennings, Lee D.,Mao, Zhenmin,Hu, Baihua,Jun, Jong-Gab,Zhou, Ping
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p. 5392 - 5403
(2007/10/03)
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- A facile and efficient synthesis of thieno[2,3-c]furans and furo[3,4-b]indoles via a Pummerer-induced cyclization reaction
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The α-thiocarbocation generated from the Pummerer reaction of an o-heteroaroyl-substituted sulfoxide is intercepted by the adjacent keto group to produce an α-thio-substituted heteroaromatic isobenzofuran. In the presence of a suitable dienophile, the reactive o-xylylene undergoes a Diels-Alder cycloaddition followed by an acid-catalyzed ring-opening and aromatization to give heteroaromatic naphthalene derivatives. This one-pot procedure occurs smoothly with electron-deficient dienophiles. The tandem Pummerer cyclization-cycloaddition sequence also occurs intramolecularly using unactivated alkenyl tethers of variable length. With acetylenic dienophiles, the primary cycloadducts undergo in situ ring-opening to produce hydroxynaphthalene derivatives. In the absence of a dienophile, it was possible to prepare 4-(ethylthio)-6-phenylthieno[2,3-c]furan and 1-ethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)-4H-furo[3,4-b]indole. Various synthetic approaches were used for the preparation of the requisite thiophene- and indole-derived sulfoxide precursors. The facility of the tandem Pummerer-Diels-Alder reaction was very dependent on the experimental conditions used to promote the reaction. The best results were achieved by employing a mixture of acetic anhydride and toluene which contained a catalytic quantity of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The presence of the acid effectively drives the reaction in the desired direction by preventing formation of the acetoxy sulfide, which corresponds to the normal Pummerer product.
- Kappe, C. Oliver,Padwa, Albert
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p. 6166 - 6174
(2007/10/03)
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- Pyridine derivatives, their production and use
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There is disclosed a pharmaceutical composition for providing antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antiallergic, immunosuppressing or immunomodulating activity which comprises a pyridine derivative of the formula (I): STR1 wherein R is an optionally substituted pyridine ring, X is a oxygen atom or --S(O)n--, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, A is a bivalent C1-15 hydrocarbon residue whose branched moiety may have a substituent, Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom, R3 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue, R4 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue or an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic group, R3 and R4 may be joined together with the carbamoyl group or the thiocarbamoyl group to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or R3 or R4 may be independently attached to A to form a ring, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
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- Formation and cycloaddition reactions of 2,3-dimethylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene
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2,3-Dimethylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene (1), the thiophene analog of o-xylylene (o-quinodimethane), was generated in situ from the (trialkylammoniomethyl)-(trimethylsilylmethyl)thiophene iodides 4 or 5 by fluoride-induced 1,4 elimination, and was trapped by
- Berg, Keimpe J. van den,Leusen, Albert M. van
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- Synthesis, Tubulin Binding, Antineoplastic Evalutaion, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Oncodazole Analogues
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n an attempt to identify a soluble oncodazole analogue that could be easily formulated, a series of substituted oncodazoles was synthesized and evaluated for tubulin binding affinity, in vitro cyctotoxicity against cultured mouse B-16 cells, and ability to prolong lifespan at the maximally tolerated dose in the P388 mouse leukemia model.Biological evaluation of all the isomeric methyloncodazoles demonstrated the thiophene 4'-position to be the only site of significant bulk tolerance, although substitution of this position with polar or charged functional groups abolished biological activity.Simple esters of the 4'-carboxymethyloncodazole were shown to have enhanched antitumor activity and tubulin binding affinity relative to oncodazole.Despite a failure of this study to identify a water-soluble oncodazole with antitumor activity, the structure-activity relationship developed led to a derivative with enhanced activity in the P388 leukemia model and facilitated the preparation of a biologically active photolabile analogue.
- Kruse, Lawrence I.,Ladd, David L.,Harrsch, Peter B.,McCabe, Francis L.,Mong, Shau-Ming,et al.
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p. 409 - 417
(2007/10/02)
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