- Mustard Carbonate Analogues as Sustainable Reagents for the Aminoalkylation of Phenols
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N,N-dialkyl ethylamine moiety can be found in numerous scaffolds of macromolecules, catalysts, and especially pharmaceuticals. Common synthetic procedures for its incorporation in a substrate relies on the use of a nitrogen mustard gas or on multistep syntheses featuring chlorine hazardous/toxic chemistry. Reported herein is a one-pot synthetic approach for the easy introduction of aminoalkyl chain into different phenolic substrates through dialkyl carbonate (β-aminocarbonate) chemistry. This new direct alcohol substitution avoids the use of chlorine chemistry, and it is efficient on numerous pharmacophore scaffolds with good to quantitative yield. The cytotoxicity via MTT of the β-aminocarbonate, key intermediate of this synthetic approach, was also evaluated and compared with its alcohol precursor.
- Annatelli, Mattia,Trapasso, Giacomo,Salaris, Claudio,Salata, Cristiano,Castellano, Sabrina,Aricò, Fabio
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supporting information
p. 3459 - 3464
(2021/05/24)
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- Efficient halogenation synthesis method of aryl halide
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The invention discloses an efficient halogenation synthesis method of aryl halide. The method comprises the following step: in the presence of a catalyst (sulfoxide or oxynitride), a halogenation reagent and a solvent, carrying out a halogenation reaction on an aromatic ring compound to obtain the aryl halide. According to the present invention, in the presence of a catalyst (sulfoxide or nitrogenoxide), a halogenation reagent and a solvent, the aromatic ring is subjected to an efficient halogenation reaction, such that the very useful aryl halide can be obtained with high activity and high selectivity; and by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, aryl halides can be efficiently synthesized, and the method has a wide application prospect in actual production.
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Paragraph 0155-0158
(2021/03/31)
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- Electrophotocatalytic SNAr Reactions of Unactivated Aryl Fluorides at Ambient Temperature and Without Base
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The electrophotocatalytic SNAr reaction of unactivated aryl fluorides at ambient temperature without strong base is demonstrated.
- Huang, He,Lambert, Tristan H.
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supporting information
p. 658 - 662
(2019/11/28)
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- A new alkylation of aryl alcohols by boron trifluoride etherate
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The ethylation of aryl alcohols by an ethyl moiety of boron trifluoride etherate is described. The reaction proceeded cleanly and afforded good yields of the corresponding aryl ethyl ethers. It tolerated the presence of functional groups such as aryl, alkyl, halogens, nitro, nitrile, and amino. However, the presence of amino or nitro groups ortho to a hydroxyl group of an aryl compound drastically reduced the yields of the anticipated products due to the chelation of the aforementioned functional groups with boron trifluoride etherate. A nitrogen atom in the aromatic ring system, as exemplified by hydroxypyridine and 8-hydroxyquinoline, completely inhibited the reaction. Resorcinol, hydroquinone, and aryl alcohols with aldehyde functions decomposed under the reaction conditions.
- Jumbam, Ndze Denis,Maganga, Yamkela,Masamba, Wayiza,Mbunye, Nomthandazo I.,Mgoqi, Esethu,Mtwa, Sphumusa
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- Design and synthesis of new potassium channel activators derived from the ring opening of diazoxide: Study of their vasodilatory effect, stimulation of elastin synthesis and inhibitory effect on insulin release
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Benzenesulfonylureas and benzenesulfonylthioureas, as well as benzenecarbonylureas and benzenecarbonylthioureas, were prepared and evaluated as myorelaxants on 30 mM KCl-precontracted rat aortic rings. The most active compounds were further examined as stimulators of elastin synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells and as inhibitors of insulin release from pancreaticβ-cells. The drugs were also characterized for their effects on glycaemia in rats. Benzenesulfonylureas and benzenesulfonylthioureas did not display any myorelaxant activity on precontracted rat aortic rings. Such an effect could be attributed to their ionization at physiological pH. By contrast, almost all benzenecarbonylureas and benzenecarbonylthioureas displayed a myorelaxant activity, in particular the benzenecarbonylureas with an oxybenzyl group linked to the ortho position of the phenyl ring. The vasodilatory activity of the most active compounds was reduced when measured in the presence of 80 mM KCl or in the presence of 30 mM KCl and 10 μM glibenclamide. Such results suggested the involvement, at least in part, of KATP channels. Preservation of a vasodilatory activity in rat aortic rings without endothelium indicated that the site of action of such molecules was located on the vascular smooth muscle cells and not on the endothelial cells. Some of the most active compounds also stimulated elastin synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells. Lastly, most of the active vasorelaxant drugs, except 15k and 15t at high concentrations, did not exhibit marked inhibitory effects on the insulin releasing process and on glycaemia, suggesting a relative tissue selectivity of some of these compounds for the vascular smooth muscle.
- Bouider, Nafila,Fhayli, Wassim,Ghandour, Zeinab,Boyer, Marjorie,Harrouche, Kamel,Florence, Xavier,Pirotte, Bernard,Lebrun, Philippe,Faury, Gilles,Khelili, Smail
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p. 1735 - 1746
(2015/03/30)
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- Practical Ligand-Free Copper-Catalysed Short-Chain Alkoxylation of Unactivated Aryl Bromides
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An efficient and practical short-chain alkoxylation of unactivated aryl bromides has been developed with special attention focussed on the applicability of the reaction. Sodium alkoxide is used as the nucleophile, and the corresponding alcohol as the solvent. The reaction requires neither precious metals nor organic ligands. It uses a catalytic system consisting of copper(I) bromide as a catalyst, the corresponding alkyl formate as a noncontaminating cocatalyst, and lithium chloride as an additive. A wide range of substrates and test cases highlight the synthetic utility of the approach. Considering the commercial accessibility and affordability of the feedstocks, this protocol shows promise as a new alternative for the sustainable preparation of aryl alkyl ethers.
- Guo, Ying,Fan, Xue-Min,Nie, Min,Liu, Hong-Wei,Liao, Dao-Hua,Pan, Xian-Dao,Ji, Ya-Fei
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p. 4744 - 4755
(2015/08/03)
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- Selective Halogenation Using an Aniline Catalyst
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Electrophilic halogenation is used to produce a wide variety of halogenated compounds. Previously reported methods have been developed mainly using a reagent-based approach. Unfortunately, a suitable "catalytic" process for halogen transfer reactions has yet to be achieved. In this study, arylamines have been found to generate an N-halo arylamine intermediate, which acts as a highly reactive but selective catalytic electrophilic halogen source. A wide variety of heteroaromatic and aromatic compounds are halogenated using commercially available N-halosuccinimides, for example, NCS, NBS, and NIS, with good to excellent yields and with very high selectivity. In the case of unactivated double bonds, allylic chlorides are obtained under chlorination conditions, whereas bromocyclization occurs for polyolefin. The reactivity of the catalyst can be tuned by varying the electronic properties of the arene moiety of catalyst.
- Samanta, Ramesh C.,Yamamoto, Hisashi
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supporting information
p. 11976 - 11979
(2015/08/18)
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- An efficient monochlorination of electron-rich aromatic compounds catalysed by ammonium iodide
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An efficient monochlorination of electron-rich aromatic compounds is developed, with which a series of regioselective monochlorinated products are obtained in good yields. In the reaction, ammonium iodide is used as catalyst and m-chloroperbenzoic acid is used as the terminal oxidant. Ammonium iodide is first oxidised to hypoiodous acid by m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The in situ generated active iodine species then reacts with the aromatic compound to form the active hypervalent iodine intermediate in two steps and this reacts with lithium chloride to afford eventually the chlorinated compounds.
- Min, Zhu,Ying-Guo, Fang
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p. 197 - 199
(2014/05/06)
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- An efficient chlorination of aromatic compounds using a catalytic amount of iodobenzene
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An efficient method was developed for chlorination of aromatic compounds with electron-donating groups using iodobenzene as the catalyst and m-chloroperbenzoic acid as the terminal oxidant in the presence of 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid in THF at room temperature for 24 h, and a series of the monochlorinated compounds was obtained in good yields. In this protocol, the catalyst iodobenzene was first oxidized into the hypervalent iodine intermediate, which then treated with lithium chloride and finally reacted with aromatic compounds to form the chlorinated compounds.
- Li, Ting-Ting,Xu, Cui,Xiang, Chang-Bin,Yan, Jie
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p. 535 - 538
(2013/07/27)
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- Ionic liquids as reagent and reaction medium: Preparation of alkyl aryl ethers
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Room temperature ionic liquid, [bmIm]OH, is used as a green recyclable reaction medium and reagent for the alkylation of phenols in excellent yields. The recovered ionic liquid was reused five to six times with consistent activity.
- Mohanazadeh, Farajollah,Aghvami, Majid
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- Chemoselective O-methylation of phenols under non-aqueous condition
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Chemoselective O-methylation of substituted phenols takes place in dry. tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of LiOH.H2O and dimethylsulfate (DMS). Quantitative methyl transfer from DMS preserves the atom economy.
- Basak, Anindita,Nayak, Mrinal K.,Chakraborti, Asit K.
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p. 4883 - 4886
(2007/10/03)
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- Kaolin-assisted Aromatic Chlorination and Bromination
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Moist kaolin catalyses the regioselective and high-yielding chlorination and bromination of C6H5OR (R = C1-C8 alkyl. Bu1, allyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl) to 4-XC6H4OR (X = Cl and Br, respectively) with NaCl02 and Mn(acac)3 in CH2Cl2 in the absence and presence of NaBr, respectively, under mild and neutral conditions.
- Hirano, Masao,Monobe, Hiroyuki,Yakabe, Shigetaka,Morimoto, Takashi
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p. 662 - 663
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective aromatic chlorination of activated arenes with sodium chlorite, (salen)manganese(III) complex, and alumina in dichloromethane
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The reaction of alkyl phenyl ethers with sodium chlorite in dichloromethane in the presence of a (salen)manganese(III) complex and alumina preloaded with a small amount of water afforded monochlorination products with unusually high para selectivities under mild conditions. The NaClO2-based biphasic system can also be successfully used for the regioselective monochlorination of substituted anisoles and polymethoxybenzenes.
- Hirano,Yakabe,Monobe,Morimoto
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p. 1905 - 1912
(2007/10/03)
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- Regiospecific aromatic chlorination of alkyl phenyl ethers using sodium chlorite catalysed by manganese(III) acetylacetonate and moist alumina in dichloromethane
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A solid-liquid biphasic system (dichloromethane and chromatographic neutral alumina) has been tested for the aromatic chlorination of various alkyl aryl ethers using a reagent combination of sodium chlorite and manganese(III) acetylacetonate catalyst. Efficient incorporation of a chlorine atom into the benzene ring with high para-selectivity results. This catalytic system is also applicable to the regiocontrolled chlorination of polyether substrates.
- Hirano, Masao,Yakabe, Shigetaka,Monobe, Hiroyuki,Clark, James H.,Morimoto, Takashi
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p. 3081 - 3085
(2007/10/03)
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- A convenient biphasic system (aluminadichloromethane) for the efficient aromatic monochlorination of alkyl phenyl ethers with sodium chlorite in the catalytic presence of manganese(III) salt
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A combination of sodium chlorite, (salen)manganese(III) catalyst, and chromatographic neutral alumina in dichloromethane can be successfully utilized for the aromatic monochlorination of a variety of alkyl phenyl ethers in excellent to quantitative yields under mild and anhydrous conditions.
- Hirano, Masao,Yakabe, Shigetaka,Monobe, Hiroyuki,Clark, James H.,Morimoto, Takashi
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p. 3749 - 3756
(2007/10/03)
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- Facile Synthesis of Chloro-substituted Aromatic Ethers by Use of Benzyltrimethylammonium Tetrachloroiodate
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The reaction of aromatic ethers with a calculated amount of benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate in acetic acid (or dichloromethane) under mild conditions gave, selectively, the objective chloro-substituted aromatic ethers in good yields.
- Kajigaeshi, Shoji,Shinmasu, Youichi,Fujisaki, Shizuo,Kakinami, Takaaki
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p. 415 - 418
(2007/10/02)
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- Regioselective Para Halogenation of Substituted Benzenes with Benzeneseleninyl Chloride and Aluminum Halide
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In the presence of aluminum halide, benzeneseleninyl chloride is an efficient regioselective halogenating reagent for activated aromatics such as toluene, phenol, anisole, phenetole, diphenyl ether, and N,N-dimethylaniline.Benzene and chlorobenzene are not halogenated under similar conditions.
- Kamigata, Nobumasa,Satoh, Takeshi,Yoshida, Masato,Matsuyama, Haruo,Kameyama, Masayuki
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p. 2226 - 2228
(2007/10/02)
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- SELECTIVITY OF AROMATIC CHLORINATION REACTIONS WITHIN A REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMN
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Substrate selectivity was obtained in the chlorination of a series of n-alkyl phenyl ethers by chlorine water on a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography column at 25 deg C.
- Jaeger, David A.,Clennan, Malgorzata Wegrzyn,Leyden, Donald E.,Murthy, R. S. Shreedhara
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p. 4805 - 4808
(2007/10/02)
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- Regioselective Para Chlorination of Alkoxybenzenes by Use of Alumina Supported Copper(II) Chloride
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Alkoxybenzenes were highly regioselectively chlorinated by use of copper(II) chloride supported on neutral alumina in chlorobenzene to give p-alkoxychlorobenzenes in high yield.The p/o ratios were more than 30.
- Kodomari, Mitsuo,Takahashi, Shin,Yoshitomi, Suehiko
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p. 1901 - 1902
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthetic Methods and Reactions; 127. Regioselective para Halogenation of Phenols, Phenol Ethers and Anilines with Halodimethylsulfonium Halides
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Halodimethylsulfonium halides are efficient regioselective para halogenating agent for activated aromatics, such as phenol, anisole, diphenyl ether and N-alkylanilines.Dihalo and monohalo derivatives of diphenyl ethers were obtained depending upon the reaction conditions.Aniline itself is not suitable in the reaction due to the strong complexation of the lone electron pair of nitrogen with the sulfonium reagent.
- Olah, George A.,Ohannesian, Lena,Arvanaghi, Massoud
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p. 868 - 870
(2007/10/02)
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- Hypoglycemic 5-substituted oxazolidine-2,4-diones
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Hypoglycemic 5-phenyl and 5-naphthyl oxazolidine-2,4-diones and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof; certain 3-acylated derivatives thereof; a method of treating hyperglycemic animals therewith; and intermediates useful in the preparation of said compounds.
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- Orthoamides, XXXVIII. - Contributions to the Chemistry of Orthocarbonic Acid Esters and α,α,α-Trialkoxyacetonitriles
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The reactivity of the orthocarbonates 4 and the nitriles 1 has been investigated.Carboxylic acids are esterified by 4b. Orthocarbonates 4c-f and 9b are prepared by transesterification of 4b.Mixed substituted orthocarbonates 8c-f are obtained from the nitriles 1a,b.The nitriles 2a and 3a react with alkali alcoholate in alcohol to yield the orthocarbamic acid esters 13a,b. Spirocyclic orthocarbonates 17a-d are prepared from 4b and 1,2 or 1,3-dioles, respectively. The reaction of phenol with 1b affords the mixed substituted orthocarbonate 18a. Catechol is converted by 1a into the orthocarbonate 20a.Reactions of 4b with amines and ami ne derivatives are studied. In the course of these investigations guanidines 21, imidocarbonic acid esters 22a-c, 30, carbamic acid esters 25, ureas 26, the isourea derivative 29, as well as the 1,3,4-oxadiazole 31 are prepared. The mechanism of these reactions is discussed. Imidocarbonic acid esters 22d-f, 38, N-cyanocarbamates 39, and isoureas 37 can be prepared from 1b and amines or amine derivatives. 2a as well as 13b react with cyanamide to give the N-cyanoisourea 40. Ureas 26 are formed in the reaction of 1a,b with secondary amines at elevated temperatures.The guanidinium cyanide 41a can be obtained by reaction of pyrrolidine with 1b in ether, whereas under similiar conditions from 1a and pyrrolidine the amidine 42 is produced. o-Aminophenol, o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid are cyclized by 4b or 1b to afford the heterocyclic compounds 43-45. α- and β-amino acids are transformed by 4b or 1b into the N-(ethoxycarbonyl)amino acid esters 46 and 47, respectively.
- Kantlehner, Willi,Maier, Thomas,Loeffler, Wolfgang,Kapassakalidis, Joanis J.
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p. 507 - 529
(2007/10/02)
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- PARA-PREFERENTIAL ANODIC CHLORINATION OF ALKOXYBENZENES
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Anodic chlorination of methoxy- and ethoxybenzenes yielded p-alkoxychlorobenzenes preferentially.The p-/o- ratios were 34.5 in N,N-dimethylacetamide-LiCl and 17.1 in N,N-dimethylformamide-LiCl.In the former case, the current efficiency for producing p-chloromethoxybenzene was 95.8percent at Pt anode.
- Matsuda, Yoshiharu,Hayashi, Hiroyasu
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p. 661 - 662
(2007/10/02)
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