cas 622-78-6, Benzyl isothiocyanate | Articles data

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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based anion receptors: Employing the naphthalimide N-H moiety in the cooperative binding of dihydrogenphosphate
The 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based anion receptor 3 binds dihydrogenphosphate with 1:1 stoichiometry through cooperative hydrogen bonding to a naphthalimide N-H and thiourea N-H groups. This was clearly established from 1H NMR titration experiments in DMSO-d6 where a substantial shift in the resonance for the naphthalimide N-H was observed concomitant with the expected thiourea N-H chemical shift migration upon successive additions of H2PO4-. However, whilst 1H NMR titration experiments indicate that 3 was capable of binding other anions such as acetate, the naphthalimide N-H does not participate and the N-H resonance was essentially invariant during the titration. The lack of cooperative binding in this instance was justifiable on steric grounds.
Pfeffer, Frederick M.,Buschgens, Alisha M.,Barnett, Neil W.,Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur,Kruger, Paul E.
p. 6579 - 6584
(2005)
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A more sustainable isothiocyanate synthesis by amine catalyzed sulfurization of isocyanides with elemental sulfur
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are typically prepared using amines and highly toxic reagents such as thiophosgene, its derivatives, or CS2. In this work, an investigation of a multicomponent reaction (MCR) using isocyanides, elemental sulfur and amines revealed that isocyanides can be converted to isothiocyanates using sulfur and catalytic amounts of amine bases, especially DBU (down to 2 mol%). This new catalytic reaction was optimized in terms of sustainability, especially considering benign solvents such as Cyrene or γ-butyrolactone (GBL) under moderate heating (40 °C). Purification by column chromatography was further optimized to generate less waste by maintaining high purity of the product. Thus, E-factors as low as 0.989 were achieved and the versatility of this straightforward procedure was shown by converting 20 different isocyanides under catalytic conditions, while obtaining moderate to high yields (34-95%). This journal is
Nickisch,Conen,Gabrielsen,Meier
p. 3134 - 3142
(2021/01/28)

Synthesis of isothiocyanates using DMT/NMM/TsO? as a new desulfurization reagent
Thirty-three alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates, as well as isothiocyanate derivatives from esters of coded amino acids and from esters of unnatural amino acids (6-aminocaproic, 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic, and tranexamic acids), were synthesized with satisfactory or very good yields (25–97%). Synthesis was performed in a “one-pot”, two-step procedure, in the presence of organic base (Et3 N, DBU or NMM), and carbon disulfide via dithiocarbamates, with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TsO? ) as a desulfurization reagent. For the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanates, reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor, and selected alkyl isothiocyanates were also synthesized in aqueous medium with high yields (72–96%). Isothiocyanate derivatives of L-and D-amino acid methyl esters were synthesized, under conditions without microwave radiation assistance, with low racemization (er 99 > 1), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by circular dichroism. Isothiocyanate derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids were evaluated for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains, where the most active was ITC 9e.
Janczewski, ?ukasz,Kolesińska, Beata,Kr?giel, Dorota
(2021/05/29)

4-Dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed synthesis of isothiocyanates from amines and carbon disulfide
Isothiocyanates were synthesized by reactions between primary amines and CS2 in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant. Various aryl, benzyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl amines were transformed into the corresponding isothiocyanates in 41–82% yields.
Rong, Hao-Jie,Chen, Tao,Xu, Ze-Gang,Su, Tian-Duo,Shang, Yu,Wang, Yong-Qiang,Yang, Cui-Feng
(2021/03/03)

A catalyst-free method for the synthesis of 1,4,2-dithiazoles from isothiocyanates and hydroxylamine triflic acid salts
A catalyst-free method for the preparation of 1,4,2-dithiazoles is developed by reactions of isothiocyanates with hydroxylamine triflic acid salts. This reaction achieves C-S, C-N, and S-N bond formation, and a range of products are obtained in moderate to good yields. The obvious feature is using shelf-stable hydroxylamine triflic acid salts as a N source to synthesize heterocycles under mild conditions.
An, Zhenyu,Liu, Yafeng,Ren, Yi,Wang, Ting,Yan, Rulong
supporting information
p. 6206 - 6209
(2021/07/28)

NaOH-promoted one-pot aryl isothiocyanate synthesis under mild benchtop conditions
In this work, we have established a green synthesis of aryl isothiocyanates promoted by the low-cost and readily available NaOH from aryl amines and carbon disulfide in a one-pot procedure. The developed protocol features no extra desulfurating reagents and mild benchtop conditions, in which NaOH serves as both the base and the desulfurating reagent to decompose the dithiocarbamate intermediate. Fourteen examples of aryl amines bearing electronic neutral, rich and poor substituents, as well as benzylamine, have proved to be compatible substrates in the developed method to furnish the corresponding isothiocyanates. The reaction has been performed on a gram scale to further demonstrate its synthetic utility. Compared to the reported base-promoted synthesis of aryl isothiocyanates that requires the use of special equipment, such as the ball mill or the microwave reactor, the simplicity in operation and scalability enables this method to efficiently access a variety of aryl isothiocyanates.
Li, Hang,Liu, Xinyun,Yin, Xiaogang
supporting information
p. 839 - 844
(2021/05/27)

Design, synthesis, and computational validation of novel compounds selectively targeting HER2-expressing breast cancer
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) is a family of multidomain proteins that plays important role in the regulation of several biological functions. HER2 is a member of HER that is highly presented in breast cancer cells. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of diaryl urea/thiourea compounds. The compounds were tested on HER2+ breast cancer cells including MCF-7 and SkBr3, compared to HER2- breast cancer cells including MDA-MB-231 and BT-549. Only compounds 12–14 at 10 μM showed selective anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and SkBr3 by 65–79%. Compounds 12–14 showed >80% inhibition of the intracellular kinase domain of HER2. The results obtained indicated that compounds 12–14 are selectively targeting HER2+ cells. The IC50 of compound 13 against MCF-7 and SkBR3 were 1.3 ± 0.009 and 0.73 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Molecular docking and MD simulations (50 ns) were carried out, and their binding free energies were calculated. Compounds 12–14 formed strong hydrogen bond and pi–pi stacking interactions with the key residues Thr862 and Phe864. 3DQSAR model confirmed the role of 3-bromo substituent of pyridine ring and 4-chloro substituent of phenyl ring in the activity of the compounds. In conclusion, novel compounds, particularly 13 were developed selectively against HER2-expressing/overexpressing breast cancer cells including MCF7 and SkBr3.
Elseginy, Samia A.,Hamdy, Rania,Menon, Varsha,Almehdi, Ahmed M.,El-Awady, Raafat,Soliman, Sameh S.M.
(2020/11/09)

Method for preparing isothiocyanate by alkali catalysis
The invention discloses a method for preparing isothiocyanate by alkali catalysis, which realizes one-step conversion from primary amine to isothiocyanate under the alkali catalysis. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving primary amine in methanol at -20 to 40 DEG C to obtain a primary amine solution, sequentially adding an alkali catalyst, carbon disulfide and an oxidant into the primary amine solution, carrying out stirring reaction, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation; finally, carrying out extraction and column chromatography purification to obtain the product; wherein the molar ratio of the primary amine to the base catalyst to the carbon disulfide to the oxidizing agent is 1: (0.05-0.2) : (2.5-10) : (1.2-4.5), the structural general formula of the primary amine is RNH2, the structural general formula of the isothiocyanate is R-N=C=S, and the R group is alkyl, aryl, benzyl or allyl. Herein, primary amine reacts with carbon disulfide under the action of analkali catalyst and an oxidizing agent to directly generate isothiocyanate, so that sulfur phosgene and excessive alkali are avoided, and the whole reaction atom economy is high, operation is simple.The method is more suitable for preparation of functional organic intermediates and active biomolecules.
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Paragraph 0057-0061

(2020/11/22)

Application of sulfur-containing isocyanate compounds in growth inhibition of blue-green algae
The invention relates to the application of sulfur-containing isocyanate compounds in the growth inhibition of blue-green algae. The compounds have structures as shown in a general formula I and a general formula II. In the general formula I, R1 represents a methyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenyl group, 4-methylpyridine or 3-methylpyridine. In the general formula II, M represents a carbonyl group, a methylene group and a methylene phenyl group; R3 represents hydrogen or chlorine; R4 represents oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; R5 represents oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, a methyl group,fluorine, a benzene ring, bromine or a trifluoromethyl group; when R4 and R5 are oxygen, R4 and R5 are cyclized to form 1,3-dioxocyclopentene; R6 represents hydrogen, fluorine, bromine, a trifluoromethyl group, a methyl group and chlorine; and R7 represents hydrogen, a trifluoromethyl group, chlorine and bromine. The sulfur-containing isocyanate compounds with the structures as shown in the general formulas I and II provided by the invention have relatively good inhibition effect on blue-green algae, and can be used as an effective component of a blue-green algae algicide.
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Paragraph 0042-0048

(2020/04/29)

Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents
In this paper, a series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing different aromatic heterocyclic groups were synthesized and the tridentate donor system of the lead compound was optimized. Most of the target compounds showed improved antiproliferative activity against MGC803 cells. SAR studies revealed that compound 5d displayed significant advantages in inhibition effect with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM, and better selectivity between cancer and normal cells than 3-AP and DpC (about 15- and 5-fold improved respectively). Besides, compound 5d showed selective antiproliferative activity in not only other cancer cells but also different gastric cancer cell lines. In-depth mechanism studies showed that compound 5d could induce mitochondria-related apoptosis which might be related to the elevation of intracellular ROS level, and cause cell cycle arrest at S phase. Moreover, 5d could evidently suppress the cell migration and invasion by blocking the EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition) process. Consequently, our studies provided a lead optimization strategy of thiosemicarbazone derivatives which would contribute to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity agents for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Bo-Wang,He, Zhang-Xu,Li, Yi-Han,Liu, Hong-Min,Ma, Li-Ying,Ma, Qin,Tao, Yuan-Yuan,Wang, Hao-Jie,Wu, Hui-Pan,Zhang, Xin-Hui,Zhao, Bing
(2020/05/19)

Discovery of novel quinazolinone derivatives as potential anti-HBV and anti-HCC agents
As a continuation of earlier works, a series of novel quinazolinone derivatives (5a-s) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-HBV and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) activities. Among them, compounds 5j and 5k exhibited most potent inhibitory effect on HBV DNA replication in both drug sensitive and resistant (lamivudine and entecavir) HBV strains. Interestingly, besides the anti-HBV effect, compound 5k could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, HUH7 and SK- cells, with IC50 values of 5.44, 6.42 and 6.75 μM, respectively, indicating its potential anti-HCC activity. Notably, the in vitro anti-HCC activity of 5k were more potent than that of positive control 5-fluorouracil and sorafenib. Further studies revealed that compound 5k could induce HepG2 cells apoptosis by dose-dependently upregulating Bad and Bax expression and decreasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein level. Considering the potent anti-HBV and anti-HCC effect, compound 5k might be a promising lead to develop novel therapeutic agents towards HBV infection and HBV-induced HCC.
Qiu, Jingying,Zhou, Qingqing,Zhang, Yinpeng,Guan, Mingyu,Li, Xin,Zou, Yueting,Huang, Xuan,Zhao, Yali,Chen, Wang,Gu, Xiaoke
(2020/08/12)

Iron-promoted one-pot approach: Synthesis of isothiocyanates
We have established a facile and versatile synthesis for the construction of isothiocyanates from their respective amines in the presence of an eco-friendly, inexpensive, easily available Iron catalyst under mild conditions. This reaction provides the target products through the formation of thiocarbamate salt as an intermediate. Both aromatic amines and aliphatic amines provided the respective target products in moderate to high yield under optimized reaction conditions. However, electron withdrawing substituents were difficult to give target product at room temperature, whereas, they obtained final products in good yield at moderate temperature. In addition, mechanistic studies were revealed that the synthetic route involved iron based subsequent reactions of addition and removal of sulfur.
Pendem, Venkata Bhavanarushi,Nannapaneni, Madhavi
p. 485 - 490
(2020/02/18)

Synthesis methods for isothiocyanate derivative
The invention discloses synthesis methods for an isothiocyanate derivative. The first synthesis method includes reacting raw materials, including primary amine, trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, potassium fluoride and sulfur, with an organic solvent at the room temperature to obtain the isothiocyanate derivative. The synthetic isothiocyanate derivative has the advantages of simple operation, safety,high efficiency, non-toxicity, low raw material price, mild condition, high yield, wide application range of substrates, high compatibility of functional groups and the like. The second synthesis method includes reacting raw materials, including the primary amine, silver trifluoromethane and potassium bromide, with the organic solvent at the room temperature to obtain the isothiocyanate derivative. The isothiocyanate derivative has the advantages of simple operation, safety, high efficiency, easy availability of the raw materials, nearly quantitative yield, wide application range of the substrates, applicability to selective post-modification of drugs or complex compounds, and the like.
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Paragraph 0033; 0034; 0035; 0036; 0097; 0098; 0099; 0100

(2019/05/22)

Synthesis, in-vitro antiprotozoal activity and molecular docking study of isothiocyanate derivatives
Novel isothiocyanate derivatives were synthesized starting from noscapine, bile acids, amino acids, and some aromatic compounds. Antiparasitic activities of the synthesized derivatives were tested against four unicellular protozoa, i.e., Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. Interestingly, seven isothiocyanate analogues displayed promising antiparasitic activity against Leishmania donovani with IC50 values between 0.4 and 1.0 μM and selectivity index (SI) ranged from 7.8 to 18.4, comparable to the standard drug miltefosine (IC50 = 0.7 μM). Compound 7h demonstrated the best antileishmanial activity with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. Seven products exhibited inhibition activity against T. brucei rhodesiense with IC50s below 2.0 μM and SI between 2.7 and 29.3. Four primary amine derivatives of noscapine and five isothiocyanate derivatives exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC50s in the range of 1.1–2.7 μM and SI values between 1.1 and 14.5. The isothiocyanate derivative 7c showed against T. cruzi with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM and SI 4. Molecular docking and ADMET studies were performed to investigate the interaction between active ligands and T. brucei trypanothione reductase active site. The docking studies showed significant binding affinity of noscapine derivatives to enzyme active site and good compatibility with experimental data.
Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Babanezhad Harikandei, Kosar,Bararjanian, Morteza,Ebrahimi, Samad Nejad,Kaiser, Marcel,Salehi, Peyman
(2019/12/09)

Direct, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Isothiocyanates
A microwave-assisted desulfuration of readily available dithiocarbamates, formed in situ from primary amines, leading to target isothiocyanates has been developed. This efficient protocol provides a rapid, environmentally benign route to aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanates.
Janczewski, ?ukasz,Gajda, Anna,Gajda, Tadeusz
p. 2528 - 2532
(2019/04/03)

Triton-B catalyzed one pot multicomponent synthesis of isothiocyanates in non-aqueous medium
A facile and novel method to synthesize isothiocyanides from cyclic and acyclic amines and carbon disulphide in DMSO with Triton-B as catalyst in non-aqueous medium is being reported. The method is less tedious and offers excellent yields. The structures have been elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Singh, Neha,Khare, Richa
p. 1636 - 1638
(2019/06/11)

Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent
Potent and safe anticancer drugs research and development are still on the way to human health. In this report, a series of novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment were designed and synthesized. Most compounds exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against PC3, MGC803 and EC109 cell lines with low micromolar IC50 (0.14–12μM). Especially, compound 5j can selectively inhibit PC3 cells in three tested tumor cells with IC50 value of 0.14 μM, which may be attributed to a synergistic effect after introducing indole fragment into the TSC structure. Meanwhile, compound 5j displayed more selectivity in PC3 cells toward two normal WPMY-1 and GES-1 cell lines, compared to those of 3-AP and DPC. We also found that 5j can effectively inhibit PC3 cell proliferation, colonization and induce apoptosis. What's more, 5j may significantly suppress migration and invasion by blocking the EMT process but had no effect on cell cycle. Collectively, our findings indicate that 5j with structure of thiosemicarbazone containing indole may serve as a useful anticancer lead for further optimization and development.
He, Zhangxu,Qiao, Hui,Yang, Feifei,Zhou, Wenjuan,Gong, Yunpeng,Zhang, Xinhui,Wang, Haojie,Zhao, Bing,Ma, Liying,Liu, Hong-min,Zhao, Wen
(2019/10/14)

Organophosphine-free copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur
A copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur in the absence of organophosphine has been established. This approach represents a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of isothiocyanates, and features excellent functional group tolerance and the use of a cheap, safe and odorless sulfur source. Moreover, this process could directly provide isothiocyanate analogous bioactive molecules, thiocarbonyl-containing pesticides and facile construction of benzoxazole and benzimidazole frames.
Feng, Wei,Zhang, Xing-Guo
supporting information
p. 1144 - 1147
(2019/01/28)

Isothiocyanate synthesized by three components and preparation method of isothiocyanate
The invention discloses isothiocyanate and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps that primary amine, sodium difluorobromoacetate and elemental sulfur are taken as reactants forreaction; the reaction is carried out under the action of a copper catalyst, wherein the copper catalyst is any one of cuprous chloride, copper bromide, cuprous iodide, copper chloride and copper trifluoromethanesulfonate; an alkali is also added, wherein the alkali is any one of sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium phosphate, DABCO and sodium tert-butoxide; the whole reaction is carried out in a solvent, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile or dimethyl sulfoxide, the reaction temperature is 80-120 DEG C, and the reaction time is 10-14 hours. The method can directly synthesize the target product, does not need to separate intermediate products and only needs stirring and heating reaction under normal pressure to obtain the target product, and the yield can beup to 87%; a waste solution is fewer during the reaction, and the method protects the environment and ensures the health of an operator; in addition, a series of isothiocyanate derivatives can be prepared, and the method has a stronger substrate universality.
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Paragraph 0052

(2019/04/26)

Synthesis of thiocarbamoyl fluorides and isothiocyanates using CF3SiMe3 and elemental sulfur or AgSCF3 and KBr with amines
Reactions of thiocarbonyl fluoride derived from cheap, readily available, and widely used CF3SiMe3, elemental sulfur, and KF with secondary amines and primary amines at room temperature in THF provided a wide variety of thiocarbamoyl fluorides and isothiocyanates in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. The two reactions show broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, AgSCF3 reacts with secondary/primary amines under KBr at room temperature, affording quantitative thiocarbamoyl fluorides/isothiocyanates, which feature late-stage application.
Zhen, Long,Fan, Hui,Wang, Xiaoji,Jiang, Liqin
supporting information
p. 2106 - 2110
(2019/03/26)

Synthesis and SAR of novel capsazepine analogs with significant anti-cancer effects in multiple cancer types
We previously demonstrated that capsazepine (CPZ), a synthetic transient receptor potential Vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has significant anti-cancer effects in vivo. The purpose of this study was to develop more potent analogs based upon CPZ pharmacophore and structure–activity relationships (SAR) across analogs. We generated 30 novel compounds and screened for their anti-proliferative effects in cultured HeLa cervical cancer cells. Cell viability assays identified multiple compounds with IC50s 50 50s of 1–2.5 μM in HSC-3and PC-3cells. Thus, we propose that these novel CPZ analogs may serve as efficacious therapeutic agents against multiple tumor types that warrant further development for clinical application.
Chapa, Jorge De La,Valdez, Matthew,Ruiz, Franscisco,Gonzales, Keith,Mitchell, Wes,McHardy, Stanton F.,Hart, Matthew,Polusani, Srikanth R.,Gonzales, Cara B.
p. 208 - 215
(2018/12/11)

T3P - A Benign Desulfurating Reagent in the Synthesis of Isothiocyanates
A number of alkyl, aryl and bifunctional isothiocyanates are obtained in moderate to high yields (41-94%) in a two-step, one-pot reaction of the parent primary amines or their salts with carbon disulfide, followed by reaction of the thus formed dithiocarbamates with T3P (propane phosphonic acid anhydride) as a new and efficient desulfurating agent.
Janczewski, ?ukasz,Gajda, Anna,Frankowski, Sebastian,Goszczyński, Tomasz M.,Gajda, Tadeusz
p. 1141 - 1151
(2017/12/06)

Na2S2O8-mediated efficient synthesis of isothiocyanates from primary amines in water
We have developed two green, practical, and efficient procedures, including a one-pot one, to synthesize isothiocyanates from amines and carbon disulfide via desulfurization with sodium persulfate. Water is used as the solvent. Basic conditions are necessary for good chemoselectivity for isothiocyanates. Structurally diverse linear and branched alkyl amines and aryl amines are readily converted to isothiocyanates by the two procedures in satisfactory yields. Halogens, benzylic C-H bonds, methylthio, nitro, ester, alkenyl, electron-rich or -deficient (hetero)aryls, acetylenyl, and even phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyls are well tolerated. The one-pot procedure in water can also be used to realize the preparation of chiral isothiocyanates from chiral amines, and the modification of bioactive structures with free amino groups. In large-scale preparation, simple and practical purification procedures independent of column chromatography are developed.
Fu, Zhicheng,Yuan, Wenhao,Chen, Ning,Yang, Zhanhui,Xu, Jiaxi
p. 4484 - 4491
(2018/10/17)

Systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration of diarylmethane backbone and discovery of a highly potent novel uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitor
In order to systematically explore and better understand the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a diarylmethane backbone in the design of potent uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors, 33 compounds (1a-1x and 1ha-1hi) were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro URAT1 inhibitory activities (IC50) were determined. The three-round systematic SAR exploration led to the discovery of a highly potent novel URAT1 inhibitor, 1h, which was 200-and 8-fold more potent than parent lesinurad and benzbromarone, respectively (IC50 = 0.035 μM against human URAT1 for 1h vs. 7.18 μM and 0.28 μM for lesinurad and benzbromarone, respectively). Compound 1h is the most potent URAT1 inhibitor discovered in our laboratories so far and also comparable to the most potent ones currently under development in clinical trials. The present study demonstrates that the diarylmethane backbone represents a very promising molecular scaffold for the design of potent URAT1 inhibitors.
Cai, Wenqing,Wu, Jingwei,Liu, Wei,Xie, Yafei,Liu, Yuqiang,Zhang, Shuo,Xu, Weiren,Tang, Lida,Wang, Jianwu,Zhao, Guilong
(2018/02/07)

One-pot three-component tandem reaction: Synthesis of aryl/alkyl cyanamides libraries and their further conversion into tetrazole derivatives
We have developed methodology for the synthesis of aryl/alkyl cyanamides from amines in one-pot four steps reaction using cheap, readily available and air stable copper source as catalyst under mild reaction conditions. We have also studied the application of cyanamides. In this connection, we could construct aryl tetrazolamine from cyanamides using click reaction.
Mandapati, Usharani,Mandapati, Pavan,Pinapati, Srinivasarao,Tamminana, Ramana,Rudraraju, Rameshraju
supporting information
p. 500 - 510
(2018/02/06)

Differentiating Antiproliferative and Chemopreventive Modes of Activity for Electron-Deficient Aryl Isothiocyanates against Human MCF-7 Cells
The consumption of Brassica vegetables provides beneficial effects through organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolate secondary metabolites. The ITC l-sulforaphane (l-SFN) is the principle agent in broccoli that demonstrates several modes of anticancer action. While the anticancer properties of ITCs like l-SFN have been extensively studied and l-SFN has been the subject of multiple human clinical trials, the scope of this work has largely been limited to those derivatives found in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that structural changes in an ITC can lead to marked differences in a compound's potency to 1) inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and 2) alter cellular transcriptional profiles. This study describes the preparation of a library of non-natural aryl ITCs and the development of a bifurcated screening approach to evaluate the dose- and time-dependence on antiproliferative and chemopreventive properties against human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated using a commercial MTS cell viability assay. Chemopreventive properties were evaluated using an antioxidant response element (ARE)-promoted luciferase reporter assay. The results of this study have led to the identification of 1) several key structure–activity relationships and 2) lead ITCs for continued development.
Anderson, Ruthellen H.,Lensing, Cody J.,Forred, Benjamin J.,Amolins, Michael W.,Aegerter, Cassandra L.,Vitiello, Peter F.,Mays, Jared R.
p. 1695 - 1710
(2018/08/01)

Alkali-free green synthetic isothiocyanate method
The invention discloses an alkali-free green synthetic method for isothiocyanate, and relates to the field of organic chemical industry. The method includes the steps: (1) adding solvents into carbon sulfide reagents and primary amine serving as raw materials, performing organic reaction at the temperature of 100-150 DEG C for 10-30 hours; (2) cooling and spin-drying the raw materials after reaction, adding dichloromethane, extracting and separating organic phases by 10% of dilute hydrochloride acid, washing the organic phases, combining the organic phases into an organic layer, washing the organic layer with saturated salt water, drying the organic layer by anhydrous Na2SO4, and performing column chromatographic separation to obtain the isothiocyanate. The molar ratio of the carbon sulfide reagents to the primary amine is 1:1.2-3. Compared with a preparation method in the prior art, the method has the advantages that only heating reaction needs to be performed in the solvents, additional alkali is omitted, and the method is greener and more environmentally friendly and has better application values.
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Paragraph 0024; 0025; 0026; 0033; 0034; 0035; 0048-0050

(2017/08/26)

One-pot three-component route for the synthesis of S-trifluoromethyl dithiocarbamates using Togni's reagent
A one-pot three-component route for the synthesis of S-trifluoromethyl dithiocarbamates by the reaction of secondary amines, carbon disulfide and Togni's reagent is described. The reactions proceed in moderate to good yields. A similar reaction using a primary aliphatic amine afforded the corresponding isothiocyanate in high yield. A variable temperature NMR study revealed a rotational barrier of 14.6, 18.8, and 15.9 kcal/mol for the C-N bond in the dithiocarbamate moiety of piperidine, pyrrolidine, and diethylamine adducts, respectively. In addition, the calculated barriers of rotation are in reasonable agreement with the experiments.
Halimehjani, Azim Ziyaei,Dra?ínsky, Martin,Beier, Petr
supporting information
p. 2502 - 2508
(2017/12/06)

Reaction of Thiocarbonyl Fluoride Generated from Difluorocarbene with Amines
The reaction of thiocarbonyl fluoride, generated from difluorocarbene, with various amines under mild conditions is described. Secondary amines, primary amines, and o-phenylenediamines are converted to thiocarbamoyl fluorides, isothiocyanates, and difluoromethylthiolated heterocycles, respectively. Thiocarbamoyl fluorides were further transformed into trifluoromethylated amines by using a one-pot process. Thiocarbonyl fluoride is generated in situ and is rapidly fully converted in one pot under mild conditions; therefore, no special safety precautions are needed.
Yu, Jiao,Lin, Jin-Hong,Xiao, Ji-Chang
supporting information
p. 16669 - 16673
(2017/12/07)

Isothiocyanation of amines using the Langlois reagent
The Langlois reagent was found to be effective for the isothiocyanation of primary amines in the presence of copper iodide and diethyl phosphonate.
Liao, Yan-Yan,Deng, Jian-Chao,Ke, Yan-Ping,Zhong, Xiao-Lin,Xu, Li,Tang, Ri-Yuan,Zheng, Wenxu
supporting information
p. 6073 - 6076
(2017/07/10)

Mechanistic study on a novel pseudo-five-component synthesis of 4H-thiopyrans
The use of carbon disulfide provides a novel and efficient route for the synthesis of thiopyrans. Herein we describe a study on the pseudo-five-component preparation of 4H-thiopyran derivatives by condensation of aldehydes, malononitrile, carbon disulfide, and primary amines in the presence of triethylamine. Separation and identification of the reaction intermediates and products, additional starting materials designing, repeating of the reaction, and determining of the products, NMR, and GC-mass analysis of the reaction mixtures, were used to evaluate and confirm the reaction pathway.
Asadbegi, Sajad,Mobinikhaledi, Akbar,Bodaghifard, Mohammad Ali
p. 526 - 529
(2017/05/01)

HPLC-based kinetics assay facilitates analysis of systems with multiple reaction products and thermal enzyme denaturation
Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites abundant in Brassica vegetables that are substrates for the enzyme myrosinase, a thioglucoside hydrolase. Enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolates forms several organic products, including isothiocyanates (ITCs) that have been explored for their beneficial effects in humans. Myrosinase has been shown to be tolerant of non-natural glucosinolates, such as 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate, and can facilitate their conversion to non-natural ITCs, some of which are leads for drug development. An HPLC-based method capable of analyzing this transformation for non-natural systems has been described. This current study describes (1) the Michaelis–Menten characterization of 2,2-diphenyethyl glucosinolate and (2) a parallel evaluation of this analogue and the natural analogue glucotropaeolin to evaluate effects of pH and temperature on rates of hydrolysis and product(s) formed. Methods described in this study provide the ability to simultaneously and independently analyze the kinetics of multiple reaction components. An unintended outcome of this work was the development of a modified Lambert W(x) which includes a parameter to account for the thermal denaturation of enzyme. The results of this study demonstrate that the action of Sinapis alba myrosinase on natural and non-natural glucosinolates is consistent under the explored range of experimental conditions and in relation to previous accounts.
Klingaman, Chase A.,Wagner, Matthew J.,Brown, Justin R.,Klecker, John B.,Pauley, Ethan H.,Noldner, Colin J.,Mays, Jared R.
p. 37 - 47
(2016/10/26)

Copper promoted desulfurization towards the synthesis of isothiocyanates
The cheap, readily available and air stable catalyst was used as the desulfurization agent for the conversion of aniline to isothiocyanates in one pot two step reaction under mild reaction conditions.
Mandapati, UshaRani,Pinapati, Srinivasarao,Rudraraju, RameshRaju
supporting information
p. 125 - 128
(2016/12/26)

A novel one-pot synthesis of isothiocyanates and cyanamides from dithiocarbamate salts using environmentally benign reagent tetrapropylammonium tribromide
A highly efficient and simple protocol for the synthesis of isothiocyanates and cyanamides from their respective amines in the presence of a mild, efficient, and non-toxic reagent tetrapropylammonium tribromide is described. High environmental acceptability of the reagents, cost effectiveness and high yields are the important attributes of this methodology.
Kuotsu, Neivotsonuo Bernadette,Jamir, Latonglila,Phucho, Tovishe,Sinha, Upasana Bora
p. 832 - 841
(2018/01/17)

Cobalt mediated by desulfurization toward the synthesis of isothiocyanates
A highly efficient and simple protocol for the construction of aromatic and aliphatic isothiocyanates from their respective amines in the presence of cheap, readily available, and air-stable cobalt catalyst is described. All reactions were carried out under optimized reaction conditions and gave target products in good to excellent yields within shorter reaction time.
Seelam, Mohan,Shaik, Bajivali,Kammela, Prasada Rao
supporting information
p. 1759 - 1765
(2016/10/31)

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of thioureas from amine mediated by a cobalt source
The cheap, readily available and air stable cobalt catalyst was used as the desulfurization agent for the conversion of aniline to thioureas in one pot three step reaction under mild reaction conditions. The reactions are rapid and facile and accomplished at room temperature.
Seelam, Mohan,Shaikh, Baji Vali,Tamminana, Ramana,Kammela, Prasada Rao
supporting information
p. 5297 - 5300
(2016/11/11)

Enantioselective synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted thiohydantoins and hydantoins
A mild method to convert optically pure amino acid thiourea and urea derivatives to thiohydantoins and hydantoins, respectively, is described. It provides an efficient way to realize enantioselective synthesis of thiohydantoins and hydantoins with good to high isolated yields and enantiomeric purities. We found that the enantiomeric purities were highly dependent on the reaction conditions including bases, solvents, and temperature.
Chen, Yu,Su, Li,Yang, Xinying,Pan, Wenyan,Fang, Hao
p. 9234 - 9239
(2015/11/27)

Metal-Free Trifluoromethylthiolation of Alkyl Electrophiles via a Cascade of Thiocyanation and Nucleophilic Cyanide-CF3 Substitution
A straightforward synthesis of alkyl trifluoromethyl thioethers was developed that starts from widely available alkyl halides or mesylates and the inexpensive reagents sodium thiocyanate and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane. The alkyl electrophiles are converted in situ into the corresponding thiocyanates, which react with the nucleophilic Ruppert-Prakash reagent to give the corresponding trifluoromethyl thioethers via a Langlois-type CN-CF3 substitution. This process enables the efficient introduction of the pharmaceutically meaningful trifluoromethylthio groups into functionalized molecules without the need of metal catalysts or expensive preformed trifluoromethylthiolating agents.
Matheis, Christian,Wang, Minyan,Krause, Thilo,Goossen, Lukas J.
supporting information
p. 1628 - 1632
(2015/06/30)

Contrasting Reactivity of CS2 with Cyclic vs. Acyclic Amidines
The interaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and amidines such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecane (DBU) has been extensively studied, but the reaction of isovalent CS2 with such bases has been largely ignored, apart from a single crystallography report. Acyclic acetamidines are cleaved by CS2 at room temperature to give an isothiocyanate and a thioacetamide. Because the pathway to that cleavage involves a rotation that is difficult for cyclic amidines, the reaction of CS2 with cyclic amidines produces an entirely different product: a cyclic carbamic carboxylic trithioanhydride structure. The path to that product involves sp3 C-H activation leading to the formation of a new C-C bond at a carbon α to the central carbon of the amidine group. Alkylation and ring-opening of the cyclic carbamic carboxylic trithioanhydride has also been demonstrated under ambient conditions.
Ang, M. Trisha C.,Phan, Lam,Alshamrani, Aliyah K.,Harjani, Jitendra R.,Wang, Ruiyao,Schatte, Gabriele,Mosey, Nicholas J.,Jessop, Philip G.
p. 7334 - 7343
(2015/11/25)

Preparation of 2'-13c-l-histidine starting from 13c-thiocyanate: Synthetic access to any site-directed stable isotope enriched l-histidine
1-Benzyl-2-(methylthio)-imidazole-5-ketone is obtained in a few simple steps starting from thiocyanate and glycine amide (glycin). Subsequent treatment with diethyl phosphorocyanidate and functional group manipulations gives 1-benzyl-5-chloromethylimidazolium chloride. This compound is converted under mild O'Donnell conditions into the corresponding L-histidine derivative. After deprotection L-histidine is obtained in good yield and 99% enantiomeric excess. 2'-13C-L-Histidine has been obtained via this new scheme with high (99%) 13C incorporation starting with commercially available 13C- thiocyanate. This synthetic scheme allows access to any isotopomer of L-histidine and many other biologically important imidazole derivatives.
Talab, Sarra,Taha, Kamal Khalifa,Lugtenburg, Johan
p. 1023 - 1033
(2014/02/14)

High-performance liquid chromatography-based method to evaluate kinetics of glucosinolate hydrolysis by Sinapis alba myrosinase
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are one of several hydrolysis products of glucosinolates, plant secondary metabolites that are substrates for the thioglucohydrolase myrosinase. Recent pursuits toward the development of synthetic non-natural ITCs have consequently led to an exploration of generating these compounds from non-natural glucosinolate precursors. Evaluation of the myrosinase-dependent conversion of select non-natural glucosinolates to non-natural ITCs cannot be accomplished using established ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic methods. To overcome this limitation, an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based analytical approach was developed where initial reaction velocities were generated from nonlinear reaction progress curves. Validation of this HPLC method was accomplished through parallel evaluation of three glucosinolates with UV-Vis methodology. The results of this study demonstrate that kinetic data are consistent between both analytical methods and that the tested glucosinolates respond similarly to both Michaelis-Menten and specific activity analyses. Consequently, this work resulted in the complete kinetic characterization of three glucosinolates with Sinapis alba myrosinase, with results that were consistent with previous reports.
Vastenhout, Kayla J.,Tornberg, Ruthellen H.,Johnson, Amanda L.,Amolins, Michael W.,Mays, Jared R.
p. 105 - 113
(2015/01/08)

ISOTHIOCYNATES AND GLUCOSINOLATE COMPOUNDS AND ANTI-TUMOR COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME
The present invention provides glucosinolate and isothiocyanate compounds and related methods for synthesizing these compounds and analogs. In certain embodiments, these glucosinolate and isothiocyanate compounds are useful and chemopreventive and or chemotherapeutic agents.
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Paragraph 0094; 0096; 0104

(2013/05/21)

The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow
Isothiocyanates are versatile starting materials for a wide range of chemical reactions. However, their high nucleophilic susceptibility means they are best prepared and used immediately. We report here on a flow platform for the fast and efficient formation of isothiocyanates by the direct conversion of easily prepared chloroximes. To expedite this chemistry a flow insert cartridge containing two immobilised reagents is used to affect the chemical transformation which typically eliminates the requirements for any conventional work-up or purification of the reaction stream.
Baumann, Marcus,Baxendale, Ian R.
supporting information
p. 1613 - 1619
(2013/10/22)

Synthesis of isothiocyanates by reaction of amines with phenyl chlorothionoformate via one-pot or two-step process
A facile and efficient synthesis of isothiocyanates from amines is described. This method involves the reaction of amines with phenyl chlorothionoformate in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide by either a one-pot process or a two-step approach. The one-pot process is useful for preparing alkyl and electron-rich aryl isothiocyanates, whereas the two-step approach is more versatile, working very well not only for alkyl and electron-rich aryl isothiocyanates, but also for highly electron-deficient aryl and heterocyclic isothiocyanates. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York.
Li, Zheng-Yi,Ma, Hong-Zhao,Han, Chen,Xi, Hai-Tao,Meng, Qi,Chen, Xin,Sun, Xiao-Qiang
p. 1667 - 1674
(2013/07/19)

Facile and versatile synthesis of alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates by using triphosgene and cosolvent
A mild and efficient method for the conversion of alkyl and aryl amines to isothiocyanates via dithiocarbamates has been developed using (CH 3)2CO-CS2 as co-solvent and triphosgene as dehydrosulfurization reagent. High yields, mild reaction conditions and excellent functional group compatibility make it become a versatile synthetic method for the preparation of isothiocyanates compared with reported methods. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
Liu, Pengfei,Li, Chunyan,Zhang, Jingwei,Xu, Xiaoyong
p. 3342 - 3351
(2013/10/01)

Synthesis of new enantiopure thioureas derived from (S)-proline
Enantiopure thiourea derivatives, containing pyrrolidine ring, were prepared by the reaction of N-Boc-(S)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine (6) with thioisocyanates 8.
Wroblewska, Aneta,Mloston, Grzegorz
p. 509 - 511
(2013/07/25)

Aggrecanase-2 inhibitors based on the acylthiosemicarbazide zinc-binding group
Osteoarthritis is a disabling disease characterized by the articular cartilage breakdown. Aggrecanases are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this pathology. At the starting point of this project, an acylthiosemicarbazide was discovered to inhibit aggrecanase-2. The acylthiosemicarbazide Zn binding group is also a convenient linker for library synthesis. A focused library of 920 analogs was thus prepared and screened to establish structure-activity relationships. The modification of the acylthiosemicarbazide was also explored. This strategy combining library design and discrete compounds synthesis yielded inhibitor 35, that is highly selective for aggrecanases over a panel of metalloproteases and inhibits the degradation of native fully glycosylated aggrecan. A docking study generated binding conformations explaining the structure-activity relationships.
Maingot, Lucie,Elbakali, Jamal,Dumont, Julie,Bosc, Damien,Cousaert, Nicolas,Urban, Agathe,Deglane, Gaelle,Villoutreix, Bruno,Nagase, Hideaki,Sperandio, Olivier,Leroux, Florence,Deprez, Benoit,Deprez-Poulain, Rebecca
p. 244 - 261
(2013/10/01)

Domino synthesis of novel series of 4-substituted 5-thioxo-1,2,4- triazolidin-3-one derivatives
The efficient synthesis of 4-substituted 5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one derivatives (4-substituted thiourazoles) via domino combination of thiophosgene, aliphatic or aromatic amines, and ethyl carbazate is presented.
Ghorbani-Choghamarani, Arash,Sardari, Sara
p. 1078 - 1081
(2013/08/23)

A general and facile one-pot process of isothiocyanates from amines under aqueous conditions
A general and facile one-pot protocol for the preparation of a broad range of alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates has been developed from their corresponding primary amines under aqueous conditions. This synthetic process involves an in situ generation of a dithiocarbamate salt from the amine substrate by reacting with CS2 followed by elimination to form the isothiocyanate product with cyanuric acid as the desulfurylation reagent. The choice of solvent is of decisive importance for the successful formation of the dithiocarbamate salt particularly for highly electron-deficient substrates. This novel and economical method is suitable for scale-up activities.
Sun, Nan,Li, Bin,Shao, Jianping,Mo, Weimin,Hu, Baoxiang,Shen, Zhenlu,Hu, Xinquan
experimental part
p. 61 - 70
(2012/04/04)

Antimicrobial volatile glucosinolate autolysis products from Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb. (Brassicaceae)
Plant samples of Hornungia petraea were analyzed for glucosinolate (GLS) autolysis metabolites for the first time. GC-MS analysis of the autolysate and the synthesis of a series (12 compounds) of possible glucosinolate breakdown products revealed/corroborated the presence of glucoaubrietin, glucolimnanthin, glucolepigramin and glucotropaeolin in this species as the most likely "mustard oil" precursors. GLS degradation products identified in the autolysate of H. petraea, benzyl isothiocyanate, 3- and 4-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, along with several other structurally related compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity in order to possibly pinpoint the role of the latter secondary metabolites in the plant tissues. The assays showed a very high antibacterial activity of the tested isothiocyanates against Sarcina lutea and an antifungal effect against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans with MIC values in the order of 1 μg/ml value.
Radulovi?, Niko S.,Deki?, Milan S.,Stojanovi?-Radi?, Zorica Z.
experimental part
p. 351 - 357
(2012/07/16)

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of pH-dependent hydrolyzable emetine analogues as treatment for prostate cancer
The N-2′ position of the natural product emetine has been derivatized to thiourea, urea, sulfonamide, dithiocarbamate, carbamate, and pH responsive hydrolyzable amide analogues. In vitro studies of these analogues in PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines showed that the analogues are generally less cytotoxic (average IC50 ranging from 0.079 to 10 μM) than emetine (IC50 ranging from 0.0237 to 0.0329 μM). The pH sensitive sodium dithiocarbamate salt 13 and the amide analogues 21, 22, 26 (obtained from maleic and citraconic anhydrides) showed the most promise as acid-activatable prodrugs under mildly acidic conditions found in the cancer microenvironment. These prodrugs released 12-83% of emetine at pH 6.5 and 41-95% emetine at pH 5.5. Compounds 13 and 26 were further shown to exhibit increased cytotoxicity in PC3 cell culture medium that was already below pH 7.0 at the time of treatment.
Akinboye, Emmanuel S.,Rosen, Marc D.,Denmeade, Samuel R.,Kwabi-Addo, Bernard,Bakare, Oladapo
supporting information
p. 7450 - 7459
(2012/10/29)