62750-11-2

A highly efficient cinchona alkaloid-derived squaramide catalysed asymmetric Michael/cyclization cascade reaction of 4-arylmethylidene-2,3-dioxopyrrolidines with 2-isothiocyanato-1-indanones was successfully developed. This protocol provides an efficient

It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators.

2,3-Dihydro-4-pyridone skeleton is an important building block in organic synthesis because it features several reaction sites with nucleophilic or electrophilic properties. Herein, we disclose a method for its formation by intramolecular cyclization of ester-tethered enaminones, which can easily be synthesized from readily available materials, such as amines, activated alkynes, and activated alkenes. 2,3-Dihydro-4-pyridones have been isolated in 41-90% yields. We also demonstrate the transformation of these heterocycles into another important class of compounds, 4-pyridones, by utilizing 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (chloranil) as an oxidizing agent. The latter products were isolated in 65-94% yields.

A highly efficient method for the enantioselective construction of dispirocyclic compounds has been developed by the squaramide-catalysed asymmetric Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction of 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines with 3-chlorooxindoles. The corresp

The present work emphasizes on a green methodology using designed and synthesized basic ionic liquid, [n-butyl Urotropinium]OH, and commercially available aqueous solution of choline hydroxide [Ch]OH as catalysts for executing Aza-Michael addition of N-heterocycles to α,β-unsaturated compounds at room temperature. The highlighting features of these catalysts include using low concentration of both catalysts along with [Ch]OH being low cost and biodegradable, [n-butyl Urotropinium]OH significantly enhancing the high substrate/catalyst ratio to obtain the desired products in high yield and purity in most cases. Further, both catalysts were recyclable and recoverable up to five cycles.

An efficient synthetic pathway to a series of novel “reverse” fosmidomycin analogues has been developed, commencing from substituted benzylamines. In these analogues, the fosmidomycin hydroxamate moiety is reversed and the tetrahedral methylene carbon adjacent to the phosphonate moiety is replaced by a nitrogen atom bearing different benzyl groups. The resulting phosphonate esters were designed as potential antimalarial “pro-drugs”.

Abstract: In the present study, open metal site iron-based MOF [MIL-100(Fe)], by a solvothermal method with polygonal morphology, are synthesised and then applied as a heterogeneous green catalyst for aza-Michael addition of various amines with α, β-unsaturated compounds. The MIL-100(Fe) was found to be efficient, selective, green and heterogeneous catalyst for the aza-Michael reaction. The proposed catalyst has better recyclability and can be reused six times without apparent loss of activity. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis and particularly relates to a preparation method of a 3-(phenyl amino)ethyl propionate type compound. The method is realized throughthe following steps: mixing an aromatic amine compound w

The synthesis and conformational preferences of a set of new synthetic foldamers that combine both the α,β-peptoid backbone and side chains that alternately promote cis- and trans-amide bond geometries have been achieved and addressed jointly by experiment and molecular modeling. Four sequence patterns were thus designed and referred to as cis-β-trans-α, cis-α-trans-β, trans-β-cis-α, and trans-α-cis-β. α- and βNtBu monomers were used to enforce cis-amide bond geometries and α- and βNPh monomers to promote trans-amides. NOESY and molecular modeling reveal that the trans-α-cis-β and cis-β-trans-α tetramers show a similar pattern of intramolecular weak interactions. The same holds for the cis-α-trans-β and trans-β-cis-α tetramers, but the interactions are different in nature than those identified in the trans-α-cis-β-based oligomers. Interestingly, the trans-α-cis-β peptoid architecture allows establishment of a larger amount of structure-stabilizing intramolecular interactions.

A novel series of aniline-containing hydroxamic acids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anti-virulence agents for the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. In vitro enzyme-based screen together with in vivo assays and structure?activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the discovery of three potent urease inhibitors 3-(3,5-dichlorophenylamino)–N-hydroxypropanamide (3a), 3-(2-chlorophenylamino)–N-hydroxypropanamide (3d) and 3-(2,4-dichlorophenylamino)–N-hydroxypropanamide (3n). Compounds 3a, 3d and 3n showed excellent urease inhibition with IC50 values 0.043 ± 0.005, 0.055 ± 0.008 and 0.018 ± 0.002 μM, and significantly depressed gastritis developing at the dose of 32 mg/kg b. i.d with eradication rates of H. pylori reaching 92.3, 84.6 and 100%, respectively. Preliminary safety studies (acute toxicity in mice) disclosed that 3a, 3d and 3n was well-tolerated in KM mice with LD50s of 2982.8, 3349.4 and 3126.9 mg/kg, respectively. Collectively, the data obtained in this study indicate that 3a, 3d and 3n, in particular 3n, could considered as promising candidates for the potential treatment of H. pylori caused gastritis and gastric ulcer, and hence merit further studies.

An efficient enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction was developed under catalysis of a chiral copper complex. A variety of spiropyrrolidones, which bear a tetra-substituted carbon stereocenter, can be obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities by virtue of this method. Furthermore, a substrate-dependent reaction pathway was proposed on the basis of the isolated intermediates.

The invention provides a method for reducing a thioamide compound. The method comprises: at 80 DEG C and under nitrogen protection, taking thioamide as a substrate, adding ditert-butoxyazide (TBHN) and 4-dimethylamino pyridine borane complex (DMAP-BH3) as radical initiators, adding a catalytic amount of thiophenol, and performing stirring in acetonitrile for a proper time to obtain corresponding amine. The same conversion can be achieved by taking triethylborane/oxygen as an initiator at 25 DEG C. The reaction is non-toxic, and is mild in reaction condition, convenient to operate, good in function group tolerance, short in reaction time, and high in efficiency.

Abstract: This paper reports an efficient protocol for the synthesis of coumarins via Pechmann reaction, and β-amino carbonyl compounds via aza-Michael reaction using catalytic amount of solid Lewis acid catalyst, C@TiO2–SO3–SbCl2. Six different catalysts were prepared by covalent immobilization of homogeneous Lewis acids onto sulfonated carbon@titania composite derived from amorphous carbon and nano-titania. Among various catalysts tested, C@TiO2–SO3–SbCl2 showed superior catalytic activity. The catalyst could be recycled without significant loss of its catalytic activity and demonstrated versatile catalysis for a wide range of substrates. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

The invention relates to a 3-aminopropionic acid piperidine amide compound as shown in formula I, and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, wherein the substituents are defined in claims; the invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound, the salts or solvates, and applications in preparation of drugs for treating HIV infection related diseases and symptoms.

Aza-Michael reactions between primary aliphatic and aromatic amines and various Michael acceptors have been performed under environmentally-friendly solventless conditions using acidic alumina as a heterogeneous catalyst to selectively obtain the corresponding mono-adducts in high yields. Ethyl acrylate was the main acceptor used, although others such as acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and acrylamide were also utilized successfully. Bi-functional amines also gave the mono-adducts in good to excellent yields. Such compounds can serve as intermediates for the synthesis of anti-cancer and antibiotic drugs.

The invention provides new ester derivatives with a general formula (I) shown in the specification of multi-substituted 4-methylamino-benzamidine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the formula are as defined in the specification. The compounds have an anticoagulant effect and can be used for preparing medicaments for preventing and treating thromboembolic diseases.

A class of N-ethyl dabigatran derivatives was designed based on pharmacological strategies for inhibition of thrombin activity and the structure-activity relationship studies of the previous dabigatran derivatives. Activities of these novel compounds were predicted based on CoMFA model, and most of the compounds had comparable predicted activity with dabigatran. All of screened compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR13C NMR and HRMS. Subsequently, these compounds were evaluated inhibitory activity on thrombin. Among these compounds, 9a-9e, 9h, 9l-9n and 9p exhibited comparable inhibitory activity to dabigatran (IC50 Combining double low line 1.20 nM), additionally, compound 9p (IC50 Combining double low line 0.96 nM) exhibited better inhibitory activity than dabigatran. Moreover, compound 9p also exhibited a fairly good inhibitory activity for arteriovenous thrombosis with inhibition rate of (85.35 ± 0.72) %, which was comparable to that of dabigatran (85.07 ± 0.61) %. These results, along with related molecular docking studies, could provide an important basis for further development of compound 9p as a potent thrombin inhibitor.

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of 2-vinylanilines from the reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides with alkenes and diethyl ketone via a rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation is described. The oxidant-free olefination reaction involves the in situ generation of an -N-N=CR1R2 moiety as the oxidizing directing group thus providing an easy access to 2-vinylanilines.

A new series of fluorinated 2,5-substituted 1-ethyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from starting compounds 3a-i, which were prepared from acrylic acid ethyl ester and the appropriate amines using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as a catalyst. A total of 9 novel derivatives were synthesized through 9 steps. All of them were evaluated for thrombin inhibition activity in vitro for the first time. We have altered their structures using different substituents on the amines to assess their structure-activity relationships as direct thrombin inhibitors. All the compounds were effective thrombin inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 3.39 to 23.30nM. Among the compounds synthesized, compounds 14a, 14b, 14d, 14e, and 14h exhibited greater anticoagulant activity than argatroban (IC50=9.36nM). Furthermore, compound 14h synthesized starting with 2-amino-pyridine was the most potent thrombin inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.39nM. Molecular modeling studies were performed to determine the probable interactions of the most potent compounds 14a, 14e, and 14h with their protein receptor (PDB ID: 1KTS). Docking data show that the active compounds inhibit thrombin in a similar mode to that of the potent anticoagulant dabigatran. A new series of fluorinated derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro thrombin inhibition activities. 3-({2-[(4-Carbamimidoyl-2-fluoro-phenylamino)-methyl]-1-ethyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl}-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propionic acid 14h shows the most potent antithrombin activity (IC50=3.39nM). Molecular docking revealed that its inhibition mode was similar to that of dabigatran.

Catalytic N-alkylation of indoles is challenging because the N1 nitrogen atoms are inert toward electrophilic reagents. Herein, an organic-solvent- soluble alkylammonium salt of a simple monomeric phosphate ion, [PO 4]3-, with a high charge density acts as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for selective N-alkylation of indoles with α,β-unsaturated compounds. For the reaction of indole with ethyl acrylate, the turnover number reached up to 36 and the turnover frequency was 216 h-1; these values are the highest among those reported for base-mediated systems so far. In the presence of [PO4]3- ions, various combinations of nitrogen nucleophiles (ten examples) and α,β-unsaturated compounds (four examples) were efficiently converted to the desired N-alkylated products in high yields. NMR and IR spectroscopies showed formation of the indolyl anion through the activation of indole by the [PO4]3- ion, which plays an important role in the present N-alkylation.

A liquid phase hydroamination (HA) of α,β-ethylenic compounds with amines was investigated with TiO2 nanoparticles stabilized 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) in SBA-15. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation of TPA/TiO2 nanoparticles into the SBA-15 and calcined at different temperatures. The characterization results reveal that the textural properties and the acidity of the prepared catalysts can be finely controlled with the simple adjustment of the calcination temperature and the structure of the support, decorated with the TiO2 and TPA nanoparticles, was intact even after the modification. The prepared catalysts were investigated for HA of ethyl acrylate with different aromatic and aliphatic amines over a wide range of reaction conditions to optimize the yield and the selectivity of product. It was found that this process is 100% atom efficient and the catalytic performance depended significantly on the loading of TPA over the catalyst and the calcination temperature. Under optimized reaction conditions, the best catalyst, 15 wt%TPA/22.4 wt%TiO2/SBA-15 calcined at 1123 K, offered the highest conversion of p-ethylaniline (70%) with 100% chemo-selectivity to the anti-Markovnikov product, i.e., the mono-addition product. The reaction was heterogeneously catalyzed and no contribution from leached TPA into the reaction was observed.

A general and efficient aza-Michael reaction promoted by aqueous sodium carbonate solution has been developed. The reaction has complete mono-alkylation selectivity and proceeds with complete chirality retention for chiral amino esters. With a broad substrate scope, a well-common catalyst and simple operation, the catalytic approach provides a facile, practicable, economical, and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds.

The hetero-Michael reactions among various oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen nucleophiles and ,-unsaturated compounds were carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of o-benzenedisulfonimide as Brnsted acid organocatalyst. The reaction conditions were very mild, and the yields of target products were good. The catalyst was easily recovered and purified, ready to be used in further reactions. This ability grants economic and ecological advantages. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.

The conjugate addition of amines to conjugated alkenes (commonly known as aza-Michael reaction) constitutes a key step for the synthesis of various complex natural products, antibiotics, α-amino alcohols and chiral auxiliaries. Ultrasound-induced addition of several amines to α, β-unsaturated ketones, esters and nitriles has been carried out very efficiently in water as well as under solvent-free conditions. No catalysts or solid supports have been used in this method. Remarkable enhancement of reaction rate has been observed in water under ultrasound-induced method. This environmentally benign procedure has provided clean formation of the products with better selectivity.

1-Methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate ([Hmim]-TFA) is reported as a cost-effective catalyst for a simple and environmentally benign hetero-Michael reaction. [Hmim]TFA works both as reaction medium and catalyst. The reaction is applicable to various aromatic sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles. This method has advantages such as high yields, short reaction time, and simple workup. The catalyst could be recycled several times without any loss of activity.

This invention provides for certain bridged and fused heterocyclic compounds of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester solvate or prodrug thereof wherein: L is: (II) and the other variables are defined herein; the inventive compounds are agonists of the G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40, also known as free fatty acid receptor FFAR). This invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and the use of these compounds to regulate insulin levels in a mammal. The compounds may be used, for example in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and in the prevention and treatment of conditions related to Type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as insulin resistance, obesity and lipid disorders.

Microwave-induced fast addition of several amines to conjugated carbonyl compounds has been carried out in water very efficiently in the absence of any catalyst. Copyright

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (VII)I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, wherein: X is NR7; Y is O or N-(CH2)nR19; n is 1, 2 or 3; m is 1 or 2; R1 and Rs

A series of pyrimidinopyridones has been designed, synthesized and shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of the FMS tyrosine kinase. Introduction of an amide substituent at the 6-position of the pyridone core resulted in a significant potency increase. Compound 24 effectively inhibited in vivo LPS-induced TNF in mice greater than 80%.

The preparation of SBA-15/ TiO2 nanocomposites with different loadings of Keggin-type 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) nanocrystals in their mesochannels through a simple and effective vacuum impregnation method is reported for the first time. The catalysts have been characterised by various sophisticated techniques, including XRD, HRSEM, and TEM. It has been found that the acidity and the textural parameters of the nanocomposites can be controlled by simply changing the loadings of TPA and TiO2 or the calcination temperature. TPA and TiO2 loadings of 15 and 22.4 wt%, respectively, and a calcination temperature of 1123 K have proved to be optimal for obtaining mesoporous nanocomposite materials with the highest acidity. Moreover, the activities of these catalysts in promoting hydroamination as well as Mannich and Claisen rearrangement reactions have been extensively investigated. The results show that the amount of TPA has a great influence on the activity of the nanocomposites in all of the reactions studied. The effects of other reaction parameters, such as temperature and reaction time, on the conversion and product selectivity have also been studied in detail. A kinetic analysis of the formation of the products under various reaction conditions is presented. It has been found that the activity of the nanocomposite composed of 15wt% TPA deposited on 22.4 wt of TiO2 on SBA-15 in promoting the studied reaction is remarkably higher than the catalytic activities shown by pure TPA, TiO2-loaded SBA-15, or TPA-loaded SBA-15. The results obtained have indicated that the acidity and the structural control of the nanocomposite materials are highly critical for obtaining excellent catalytic activity, and the presented highly acidic nanocomposites are considered to show great potential for use as catalysts in promoting many acid-catalysed organic transformations.

Tricyclic 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-5,8-dione was identified as a novel scaffold for Aurora kinase A inhibition through virtual screening. SAR exploration coupled with molecular modeling of 8a reveals the minimum pharmacophore requirements for Aurora kinase A inhibition.

The potential utility of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as a reducing agent for reductive N-alkylation of aromatic amines and nitro compounds using nitriles as an alkylating agent and Pd(OH)2/C as a catalyst is described. The application of this method for the synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds is also reported.

Electron-deficient olefins undergo rapid Aza-Michael reaction with a wide range of amines catalyzed by cadmium chloride at room temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzed facile and efficient aza-Michael addition of aromatic and aliphatic amines with α,β-unsaturated electrophiles in the absence of solvent under ultrasound irradiation.

A task-specific basic ionic liquid, [Bmim]OH, has been introduced as a catalyst for the aza-Michael addition of aromatic amines and N-heterocycles to cyclic or acyclic ketones under neat conditions. The catalyst can be recycled for subsequent reactions without any appreciable loss of efficiency.

Disclosed are compounds of the formula: where variables Q, Z, X, R15, R2, R3, and Rc are defined herein. Compounds disclosed herein are inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme and are therefore useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases characterized by deposition of A beta peptide in a mammal.

The invention relates to novel compounds and methods of treating diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with amyloidosis. Amyloidosis refers to a collection of diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with abnormal deposition of A-beta protein.

The 1,4-conjugate addition of primary, secondary and aromatic amines, thiols, and carbamate to α,β-unsaturated compounds mediated by a catalytic amount (0.5 mol%) of RuCl3 in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) provides the desired β-substituted carbonyls in high yields. In particular, we found that primary aliphatic and aromatic amines produced the single adducts as the sole products in very high yields with RuCl3-PEG. RuCl 3-PEG was readily recycled via solvent precipitation with efficient recyclability as evidenced by high yields. Its properties of low sensitivity toward moisture and oxygen, high tolerance of different functional groups, and efficient recyclability make RuCl3-PEG suitable for both laboratory and industrial scale synthesis of β-substituted carbonyls. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.

Several transition-metal-based Lewis acid catalysts, especially FeCl 3 · 7 H2O, CrCl3 · 6 H 2O, and SnCl4 · 4 H2O, were shown to be highly effective for aza-type Michael reactions between electrophilic α,β-unsaturated compounds and both aliphatic and aromatic amines in aqueous solution. Advantages of the new protocol include 1) high-yielding reactions that can be conducted at ambient temperature; 2) the use of inexpensive, stable transition-metal salts as catalysts; and 3) plain H 2O as an environmentally benign solvent.

The present invention relates to a novel class of organic molecules capable of inhibiting C-proteinase, and to their use to regulate, modulate and/or inhibit abnormal collagen formation as a therapeutic approach towards the treatment of fibrotic disorders

Novel hydroxyphenylurea derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory potency evaluated against acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase ACAT. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that their ACAT inhibitory activities were controlled by the hydrophobicity of the whole molecule, the substitution pattern of urea moiety, and the existence of carboxylic acid. The derivatives with strong activities inhibited foam cell formations. Moreover, these compounds showed antioxidative effects against low density lipoprotein LDL, owing to their characteristic 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl substructure. Based on the mechanism of atherosclerosis generation, this hydroxyphenylurea-type dual inhibitor against both ACAT and LDL oxidation is expected to be a promising drug for atherosclerosis. Copyright

The reductive opening of aziridines 1a-c with lithium in the presence of a catalytic amount of naphthalene at -78 deg C led to the corresponding dianionic intermediates 2a-c, which are stable species under these reaction conditions and react with electrophilic reagents , (EtO)2CO, CH2=CHCO2Me, , PhCH=NPh, MeI, and CH2=CHCH2Br> to give, after hydrolysis with water, the corresponding difunctionalized compounds 3-5.When the reductive opening and the reaction with electrophiles were carried out on chiral aziridines 8 and 9, enantiomerically pure difunctionalized compounds 12 were obtained with the same stereochemistry, independently of the stereochemistry of diastereomeric starting aziridines 8 and 9.

This invention relates to novel N-substituted lactams having the following formula STR1 useful in the treatment and prevention of Cholecystokinin (CCK) related disorders of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and appetite regulatory systems of mammals.

The present invention concerns compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein R is a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkylaryl group and X and Y are the same or different, and each is OH, NH2, or SH. The aryl group or the aryl moiety of the alkylaryl group may be unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted. If substituted, each substituent may independently be an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group or a halogen. The present invention also provides methods for synthesizing the compounds described above.

o-Benzyne and its 4-methyl, 4-chloro and 4-bromo-derivatives were generated in the thermal decomposition of two new kinds of polymer-bound precursors: 1(2-carboxyaryl)triazenes and 2-carboxyaryl-sulphonates.New kinds of trapping polymers for these elusive

N-Tosyl-2,3-dihydro-4-quinolones (12-14), prepared from aniline, m- and p-anisidines by reported procedures, on condensation with araldehydes in the presence of NaOMe give the corresponding 3-arylidene-4-quinolones (15-18).Refluxing of 15-18 with NH2-NH2*H2O in gl.AcOH affords the title compounds, 2-acetyl-3-aryl-5-tosyl-7/8-H (or methoxy)-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydropyrazoloquinolines (19-22).The stereochemistry of the title compounds based on the assignments of C3-H, C3a-H, C4-H2 protons has been studied by PMR decoupling experiments.In preliminary screening, compounds 19 and 22 have been found to prevent pregnancy at 20 mg/kg dose in female albino rats, but are ineffective at lower doses.None of the compounds tested shows any significant pharmacological activity.

A variety of 1-arylazetidin-2-ones were treated with trifluoroacetic acid under reflux, methanesulphonic acid at 100 deg C, or conc. sulphuric acid to give the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolones via acyl migration and N-CO fission.In the case of 1-(3-substituted phenyl)azetidin-2-ones, two positional isomeric products, 5- and 7-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolones were obtained. 4-Methyl, 4-ethoxycarbonyl, and 4-piperidin-2-yl-1-arylazetidin-2-ones and their analogues were also converted into the corresponding 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinolones under acidic conditions.The 3-substituted 1-phenylazetidin-2-ones (36) and (37) were converted into the furoquinoline systems (38) and (40), respectively, by application of this method.

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