- Structural and Biological Investigations for a Series of N-5 Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as Potential Anti-Cancer Therapeutics
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Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines have been studied for many years as potential lead compounds for the development of antiproliferative agents. Much of the focus has been on modifications to the pyrimidine ring, with enzymatic recognition often modulated by C2 and C4 substituents. In contrast, this work focuses on the N5 of the pyrrole ring by means of a series of novel N5-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines. The compounds were screened against the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line panel, and the results were analyzed using the COMPARE algorithm to elucidate potential mechanisms of action. COMPARE analysis returned strong correlation to known DNA alkylators and groove binders, corroborating the hypothesis that these pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines act as DNA or RNA alkylators. In addition, N5 substitution reduced the EC50 against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by up to 7-fold, indicating that this position is of interest in the development of antiproliferative lead compounds based on the pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffold.
- Cawrse, Brian M.,Robinson, Nia'mani M.,Lee, Nina C.,Wilson, Gerald M.,Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
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- Anticancer Properties of Halogenated Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines with Decreased Toxicity via N5 Substitution
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Halogenated pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine analogues have shown antiproliferative activity in recent studies, with cell accumulation occurring in the G2/M stage without apoptosis. However, the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of these compounds has yet to be determined. To investigate the PK profile of these compounds, a series of halogenated pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine compounds was synthesized and first tested for activity in various cancer cell lines followed by a mouse model. EC50 values ranged from 0.014 to 14.5 μm, and maximum tolerated doses (MTD) in mice were between 5 and 10 mg kg?1. This indicates a wide variance in activity and toxicity that necessitates further study. To decrease toxicity, a second series of compounds was synthesized with N5-alkyl substitutions in an effort to slow the rate of metabolism, which was thought to be leading to the toxicity. The N-substituted compounds demonstrated comparable cell line activity (EC50 values between 0.83–7.3 μm) with significantly decreased toxicity (MTD=40 mg kg?1). Finally, the PK profile of the active N5-substituted compound shows a plasma half-life of 32.7 minutes, and rapid conversion into the parent unsubstituted analogue. Together, these data indicate that halogenated pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines present a promising lead into potent antiproliferative agents with tunable activity and toxicity, and rapid metabolism.
- Cawrse, Brian M.,Lapidus, Rena S.,Cooper, Brandon,Choi, Eun Yong,Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
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p. 178 - 185
(2017/12/26)
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- Pyrrolopyrimidine ketone compound and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a pyrrolopyrimidine ketone compound and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medicine. The pyrrolopyrimidine ketone compound having a structural feature of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a very good inhibition effect on DPP-IV, and almost no effect on activity of DPP-VIII and DPP-IX, can effectively control the blood glucose concentration of diabetic rats, and is safe and low in toxicity through the verification of pharmacological and toxicological tests. After being prepared into a medicine, the compound provided by the invention not only has an obvious efficacy but also has very small side effects, thus greatly improving the administration convenience and patient use compliance, therefore, the compound has obvious advantages compared with the same kind of medicine. The formula is shown in the specification.
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Paragraph 0114; 0116; 0117; 0127; 0128; 0129
(2017/07/21)
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- THIENO- AND PYRROLOPYRIMIDINE ANALOGUES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present invention provides for the design and synthesis of halogenated thieno- and pyrrolopyrimidine compounds that exhibit cancer proliferation inhibitory activity and the use thereof for cancer treatment.
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Paragraph 0069-0070
(2016/09/26)
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- Antiproliferative activities of halogenated pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines
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In vitro evaluation of the halogenated pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines identified antiproliferative activities in compounds 1 and 2 against four different cancer cell lines. Upon screening of a series of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines, the 2,4-Cl compound 1 was foun
- Temburnikar, Kartik W.,Ross, Christina R.,Wilson, Gerald M.,Balzarini, Jan,Cawrse, Brian M.,Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
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p. 4354 - 4363
(2015/08/03)
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- Antiproliferative activities of halogenated thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines
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The in vitro evaluation of thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines identified halogenated compounds 1 and 2 with antiproliferative activity against three different cancer cell lines. A structure activity relationship study indicated the necessity of the chlorine at the C4-position for biological activity. The two most active compounds 1 and 2 were found to induce apoptosis in the leukemia L1210 cell line. Additionally, the compounds were screened against a variety of other microbial targets and as a result, selective activity against several fungi was also observed. The synthesis and preliminary biological results are reported herein.
- Temburnikar, Kartik W.,Zimmermann, Sarah C.,Kim, Nathaniel T.,Ross, Christina R.,Gelbmann, Christopher,Salomon, Christine E.,Wilson, Gerald M.,Balzarini, Jan,Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.
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p. 2113 - 2122
(2014/04/17)
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- Discovery of potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors through pharmacophore hybridization and hit-to-lead optimization
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A novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor hit (5, IC50 = 0.86 μM) was structurally derived from our recently disclosed preclinical candidate 4 by replacing the cyanobenzyl with a butynyl based on pharmacophore hybridization. A hit-to-lead optimization effort was then initiated to improve its potency. Most N-substituted analogs exhibited good in vitro activity, and compound 18o (IC50 = 1.55 nM) was identified to be a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with a significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties (bioavailablity: 41% vs 82.9%; T1/2: 2 h vs 4.9 h).
- Zeng, Shaogao,Xie, Hui,Zeng, Li-Li,Lu, Xin,Zhao, Xin,Zhang, Gui-Cheng,Tu, Zheng-Chao,Xu, Hong-Jiang,Yang, Ling,Zhang, Xi-Quan,Hu, Wenhui
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p. 1749 - 1755
(2013/05/09)
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- Novel pyrrolopyrimidine analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors based on pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization
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We previously reported a highly potent DPP-IV inhibitor 6 with low in vivo efficacy. While trying to maintain consistent in vitro and in vivo biological activity, we initiated a pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization to improve the metabolic stability and permeability of inhibitor 6. A simple scaffold replacement of thienopyrimidine with pyrrolopyrimidine (21a) led to significantly improved metabolic stability (4% vs. 65% remaining). Further modification of the pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold to produce compound 21j resulted in much better oral bioavailability than 6. Importantly, compound 21j exhibits greater in vivo efficacy than does 6 and Alogliptin and is worthy of further development.
- Xie, Hui,Zeng, Lili,Zeng, Shaogao,Lu, Xin,Zhang, Guicheng,Zhao, Xin,Cheng, Na,Tu, Zhengchao,Li, Zhiyuan,Xu, Hongjiang,Yang, Ling,Zhang, Xiquan,Huang, Min,Zhao, Junling,Hu, Wenhui
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 205 - 212
(2012/07/17)
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- N-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to N-containing heterocyclic compounds that are inhibitors of protein kinases including JAK kinases. In particular, the compounds are selective for JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 or TYK2 kinases and combinations thereof such as JAK1 and JAK2. The kinase inhibitors can be used in the treatment of kinase associated diseases such as immunological and inflammatory diseases including organ transplants; hyperproliferative diseases including cancer and myeloproliferative diseases; viral diseases; metabolic diseases; and vascular diseases.
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Page/Page column 98
(2009/06/27)
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- AROMATIC COMPOUND
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An aromatic compound represented by the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: , wherein ring A is a heterocyclic ring, ring B is a carbocyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring etc., G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 are CH or N, X is -NH-, -O-, -CH2-, etc., Y is - CH2-,-CO-,-SO2- etc., Z is a single bond, -CO-, -SO2-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -CONH-,-SO2NH-, etc., R2 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, etc., and R3 is carbocyclic group, heterocyclic group, alkyl, etc., is useful as a controlling agent of the function of CCR4 useful for the treatment or therapy for bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc.
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Page/Page column 38
(2008/12/07)
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- ALICYCLIC HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
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An alicyclic heterocyclic compound represented by the following formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein ring A is a heterocyclic ring, ring B is a carbocyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring etc., P1 and P2 are CH or N, q and r are 0 to 2, X is -NH-, -O-, -CH2-, etc., Y is -CH2-, -CO-, -SO2-, etc., Z is -CO-, -SO2-, etc., and R3 is carbocyclic group, heterocyclic group, hydroxyl, alkoxy or amino, is useful as a controlling agent of the function of CCR4 useful for the prevention or treatment for bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, etc.
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Page/Page column 94
(2008/12/08)
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- DIARYL-PURINE, AZAPURINES AND -DEAZAPURINES AS NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS FOR TREATMENT OF HIV
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This application concerns certain 2-phenylamino-6-aryl amino-, 6-aryloxy-, and 6- arylthio- purines, -azapurines and -deazapurines. These compounds are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and have potential as anti-HIV treatment.
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Page/Page column 33; 43-44
(2008/06/13)
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- 9-Deazapurine Nucleosides. The Synthesis of Certain N-5-2'-Deoxy-β-D-erythropentofuranosyl and N-5-β-D-Arabinofuranosylpyrrolopyrimidines
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A number of 2,4-disubstituted pyrrolopyrimidine N-5 nucleosides were prepared by the direct glycosylation of the sodium salt of 2,4-dichloro-5H-pyrrolopyrimidine (3) using 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythropentofuranose (1) an
- Girgis, Nabih S.,Cottam, Howard B.,Larson, Steven B.,Robins, Roland K.
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p. 821 - 827
(2007/10/02)
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