63547-24-0

A practical and mild method for the switchable synthesis of sulfoxides or sulfonesviaselective oxidation of sulfides using cheapN-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the oxidant has been developed. These highly chemoselective transformations were simply achieved by varying the NFSI loading with H2O as the green solvent and oxygen source without any additives. The good functional group tolerance makes the strategy valuable.

Metal- and additive-free oxidation of a series of sulfides/thioketones has been achieved using cyclic diacyl peroxides as mild oxygen sources. This protocol features simple manipulation, high chemo- and diastereoselectivity, and a broad substrate scope (up to 42 examples), tolerates many common functional groups, and is scalable and applicable to the late-stage sulfoxidation strategy. A preliminary mechanistic study by quantum mechanical calculations suggests that a single two-electron transfer process is energetically more favorable, and indicates the reactivity of cyclic diacyl peroxides distinct from conventional acyclic acyl peroxides.

VO2(picolinichydrazone) complex as a catalyst was stabilized on a SBA-15 mesoporous silica as a catalytic support by using (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane as a connector. SBA-15 is nanoporous and has a high ratio of surface area to volume. The immobilization of a metal–Schiff base complex to the surface area of SBA-15 can improve its catalytic effects by increasing the catalytic surface area. Unlike homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts can be recovered and reused several times without any significant loss of catalytic activity. A vanadium–Schiff base complex-functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized by covalency connected by a pre-synthesised VO2(picolinichydrazone) complex to silanated SBA-15. The synthesized vanadium–Schiff base complex was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the final V/SBA-15 was characterized by FT-IR, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and X-ray powder diffraction. The morphology of V/SBA-15 was also obtained by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic effect was examined by using V/SBA-15 as a heterogeneous catalyst in sulfoxidation reactions. The synthesis of modafinil and modafinic acid by pharmaceutical sulfoxidation of solfides was carried out and the effects of different solvents, reaction times and also recoverability and reusability of the heterogeneous catalyst were investigated. This catalyst showed high yield of sulfide conversion, stability and recyclability in the sulfoxidation of sulfides.

The enantioselective oxidation synthesis of chiral modafinil acid and its analogues with high enantiomeric excess has been developed by means of a chiral-at-metal strategy. Treatment of ruthenium complexes cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2] or Δ/Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(MeCN)2](PF6)2 (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine) with the appropriate prochiral thioether ligands afforded thioether complexes rac-1, Δ/Λ-1, rac-2, Δ/Λ-2, rac-3, and Δ/Λ-3. Diastereoselective oxidation of the thioether complexes in situ produced the corresponding sulfoxide complexes rac-1a, Δ/Λ-1a, rac-2a, Δ/Λ-2a, rac-3a, and Δ/Λ-3a. The configuration at the metal center in each case is stable during the coordination and oxidation reactions, and dictates the chirality of the sulfoxide ligand in the oxidation process. The chiral modafinil acids were obtained with ee values greater than 98% upon their removal from the corresponding sulfoxide complexes in the presence of TFA/MeCN. Moreover, the chiral ruthenium precursors Δ/Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(MeCN)2](PF6)2 are recyclable and reusable with complete retention of the configurations. Chiral modafinil acid and its analogues have been synthesized with high ee values by means of asymmetric coordination oxidation of a thioether complex in situ with a chiral-at-metal strategy.

Simple synthesis of modafinil derivatives and their biological activity are described. The key synthetic strategies involve substitution and coupling reactions. We determined the anti-inflammatory effects of modafinil derivatives in cultured BV2 cells by measuring the inhibition of nitrite production and expression of iNOS and COX-2 after LPS stimulation. It was found that for sulfide analogues introduction of aliphatic groups on the amide part (compounds 11a-d) resulted in lower anti-inflammatory activity compared with cyclic or aromatic moieties (compounds 11e-k). However, for the sulfoxide analogues, introduction of aliphatic moieties (compounds 12a-d) showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than cyclic or aromatic fragments (compounds 12e-k) in BV-2 microglia cells.

Compounds of formula (I) which are useful in ameliorating conditions characterized by unwanted sodium and/or calcium channel actrvrh, particularly Nav 1 7, NaV 1 8, or CaV 3 2 channel activity are disclosed. More specifica

Preparation of armodafinil crystalline Form I. Also provided is armodafinil having about 30% or more by weight of particles with sizes greater than about 250 μm, and about 70% or less by weight of particles having sizes less than about 250 μm, wherein of

The invention encompasses processes for obtaining pure armodafinil substantially free of disulfide impurities that is suitable for use on an industrial scale. In particular, a processes for purifying armodafinil from bis(diphenylmethyl)disulfide comprisin

Disclosed herein is a convenient, commercially viable and environmentally friendly process for the preparation of Armodafinil. The present invention also provides an improved, commercially viable and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of pure 2-[(diphenylmethyl) sulfinyl] acetic acid (also known as modafinic acid) substantially free of sulfone impurity i.e., 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfonyl] acetic acid. The intermediate is useful for preparing Modafmil and its enantiomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in high yield and purity.

The present invention relates to a novel crystalline polymorph of armodafinil. In another aspect the invention relates to an improved process for preparation of the novel polymorph of armodafinil.

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The present invention generally relates to an improved process for preparing modafinil and analogs thereof. The process minimizes impurities and improves the overall yield by oxidizing a modafinil intermediate compound in a reaction mixture including an a

Methods and compounds effective in ameliorating conditions characterized by unwanted calcium channel activity, particularly unwanted N-type or T-type calcium channel activity are disclosed. Specifically, a series of isoxazole containing compounds are disclosed of the general formula (1) where Z is N or CHNR3 and (Ar1)2CR4 is optionally substituted benzhydryl.

Methods and compounds effective in ameliorating conditions characterized by unwanted calcium channel activity, particularly unwanted N-type or T-type calcium channel activity are disclosed. Specifically, a series of heterocyclic amides are disclosed of the general formula (I) where Z is N or CHNR2 and X is NR2, O, S, S=O or SO2. Among other definitions for R, R1, W and Y, the compounds of formula (1) are further characterized by at least one of W or Y being CR3Ar2 where Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring (for example, where W or Y is a benzhydryl moiety).

The oxidation of 2-(benzhydrylthio)acetic acid and its derivatives was performed with various catalytic and stoichiometric enantioselective reagents, the best results being obtained with stoichiometric chiral oxaziridine 5. The use of [bmim][PF6] as a solvent with 5 gave slightly higher yields and, in the case of the model compound thioanisole, a reversal of the enantioselectivity.

A process for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones or for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones by treatment of thioethers or sulfoxides with an oxidizing amount of ε-phthalimidoperhexanoic acid is particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of industrial interest, in particular pharmaceuticals for human or veterinary use.

A process for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones or for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones by treatment of thioethers or sulfoxides with an oxidizing amount of ε-phthalimidoperhexanoic acid is particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of industrial interest, in particular pharmaceuticals for human or veterinary use.

The asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of modafinil, a unique CNS stimulant with a reduced abuse liability, is described. This approach effectively prepares modafinil on a multigram scale in several steps from benzhydrol. The described synthetic route has also been used to produce the more water soluble analogue, adrafinil. X-ray crystallographic analysis on (-)-(diphenylmethanesulfinyl)acetic acid has determined the absolute configuration to be R.

A process for the preparation of 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide (I) comprising the oxidation of sodium 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfenyl]acetate to the corresponding sulfoxide and the derivatization of the latter to amide.

The present invention relates to new (2-alkyl-3-pyridyl) methylpiperazine derivatives of general formula I: wherein R1, R2 and Z are as defined in Claim 1. The invention also relates to processes for their preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. These compounds are potent, orally active PAF antagonists and, consequently, they are useful in the treatment of the diseases in which this substance is involved.

A second generation of (cyanomethyl)piperazines, 1-acyl-4-((2-methyl-3-pyridyl)cyanomethyl)piperazines, with increased oral activity was prepared and evaluated in vitro in PAF-induced platelet aggregation assay (PAG) and in vivo in a PAF-induced hypotension test in normotensive rats (HYP).Oral activity was ascertained through a PAF-induced mortality test in mice (MOR).Attachment of a methyl group at position 2 of our earlier pyridine derivatives resulted in an improvement of 1 order of magnitude or greater in the ID50 of the oral test.Three different types of acylsubstituents of similar potency emerge from this work: N-(diphenylmethylamino)acetyl, 3-substituted 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl, and N-substituted 3-amino-3-phenylpropionyl groups.The most interesting compounds, 26 (UR-12460, PAG IC50 = 0.040 μM, HYP, ID50 = 0.021 mg/kg iv, MOR, ID50 = 0.30 mg/kg po) and 58 (UR-12519, PAG IC50 = 0.041 μM, HYP, ID50 = 0.015 mg/kg iv, MOR, ID50 = 0.044 mg/kg po), compare favorably with WEB-2086.Compounds 26 and 58 were also tested in active anaphylactic shock (AAS) and endotoxin-induced mortality (EIM) tests.On the basis of these data, compounds 26 and 58 have been selected for further pharmacological development.

The levorotatory isomer of benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide has useful pharmaceutical activity on the central nervous system, particularly as an antidepressant and stimulant in the treatment of hypersomnia and Alzheimer's disease.

Novel acetamide derivatives have been discovered to have useful pharmaceutical activity on the central nervous system. They may be prepared by reacting the corresponding ester or acid halide with the appropriately substituted amine.

The invention provides the benzhydrylsulphinyl derivatives of the formula: where n is 1, 2 or 3 and R is C(=O)NHOH, C(=NH)NH2, C(=NH)NHOH, 2-Δ2 -imidazolinyl or NR1 R2 (where R1 is H or C1 -C3 -alkyl and R2 is H, C1 -C3 -alkyl, or CH2 CH2 OH, and R1 and R2 considered together can form, with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, a N-heterocyclic group of 5 to 7 ring members, which can be substituted and can contain a second hetero-atom such as O and N), and their addition salts. These products are useful in therapy for treating disturbances of the central nervous system.