- Synthesis of novel shikonin derivatives and pharmacological effects of cyclopropylacetylshikonin on melanoma cells
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Despite much research in the last centuries, treatment of malignant melanoma is still challenging because of its mostly unnoticeable metastatic spreading and aggressive growth rate. Therefore, the discovery of novel drug leads is an important goal. In a previous study, we have isolated several shikonin derivatives from the roots of Onosma paniculata Bureau & Franchet (Boraginaceae) which evolved as promising anticancer candidates. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (1) was the most cytotoxic derivative and exhibited strong tumor growth inhibitory activity, in particular, towards melanoma cells. In this study, we synthesized eighteen novel shikonin derivatives in order to obtain compounds which exhibit a higher cytotoxicity than 1. We investigated their cytotoxic potential against various melanoma cell lines and juvenile skin fibroblasts. The most active compound was (R)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl cyclopropylacetate (cyclopropylacetylshikonin) (6). It revealed significant stronger tumor growth inhibitory activity towards two melanoma cell lines derived from metastatic lesions (WM164 and MUG-Mel2). Further investigations have shown that 6 induced apoptosis caspase-dependently, increased the protein levels of cleaved PARP, and led to double-stranded DNA breaks as shown by phosphorylation of H2AX. Cell membrane damage and cell cycle arrest were not observed.
- Durchschein, Christin,Bauer, Rudolf,Kretschmer, Nadine,Hufner, Antje,Rinner, Beate,Stallinger, Alexander,Deutsch, Alexander,Lohberger, Birgit
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supporting information
(2018/11/23)
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- PYRAZOLE PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention provides pyrazole pyrimidine derivatives which inhibit Casein kinase I (CKI) and/or lnterleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAKI) and methods of their manufacture, compositions comprising them and uses thereof in methods of treating malignant disease and disorders and methods for treating inflammatory diseases and disorders.
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Page/Page column 62; 54
(2017/02/28)
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- CARBOXAMIDE 4-[(4-PYRIDYL)AMINO]PYRIMIDINES USEFUL AS HCV INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to the use of carboxamide 4-[(4-pyridyl)amino]- pyrimidines as inhibitors of HCV replication as well as their use in pharmaceutical compositions aimed to treat or combat HCV infections.
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Page/Page column 43
(2008/06/13)
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- 4-Amino-2-alkyl-butyramides as small molecule CCR2 antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetic properties
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A systematic examination of the central aromatic portion of the lead (2S)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1′H-spiro[indene-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)butanamide (9) led to the discovery of a novel class of CCR2 receptor antagonists, which carry small alicyclic groups such as cyclopropyl, cylobutyl, or cyclopropylmethyl attached at C2 of the carbon backbone. The most potent compound discovered, namely (2S)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2-cyclopropyl-4-[(1R,3′R)-3′-methyl-1′H-spiro[indene-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl]butanamide (29), showed very high binding affinity (IC50 = 4 nM, human monocyte) and excellent selectivity toward other related chemokine receptors. The excellent pharmacokinetic profile of this new lead compound allows for extensive in vivo evaluation.
- Butora, Gabor,Morriello, Gregori J.,Kothandaraman, Shankaran,Guiadeen, Deodialsingh,Pasternak, Alexander,Parsons, William H.,MacCoss, Malcolm,Vicario, Pasquale P.,Cascieri, Margaret A.,Yang, Lihu
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p. 4715 - 4722
(2007/10/03)
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- CARBOXAMIDE INHIBITORS OF TGFB
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Certain appropriately substituted forms of pyrimidine having a pyridylamine group at C- 4 of the pyrimidine and an amide group on the pyridine ring are useful in the treatment of conditions associated with excessive TGFB activity.
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Page/Page column 27; 43; 44
(2010/11/24)
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- INHIBITORS OF TFGβ
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Certain appropriately substituted forms of pyrimidine and triazine are useful in the treatment to conditions associated with enhanced TGFβ activity.
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Page/Page column 33; 34
(2010/02/06)
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- Pyrrolidine modulators of chemokine receptor activity
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The present invention is directed to pyrrolidine compounds of the formula I: (wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R14and n are defined herein) which are useful as modulators of chemokine receptor activity. In particular, these compounds are useful as modulators of the chemokine receptors CCR-5 and/or CCR-3.
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- Pyrrolidine modulators of chemokine receptor activity
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The present invention is directed to pyrrolidine compounds of the formula 1: (wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6and n are defined herein) which are useful as modulators of chemokine receptor activity. In particular, these compounds are useful as modulators of the chemokine receptors CCR-5 and/or CCR-3.
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- Unusual products from dirhodium tetraacetylate-catalyzed decomposition of diazoacetylcycloalkanes
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Rh2(OAc)4-assisted decompositions of diazoacetylcycloalkanes are shown to yield cycloalkylacetic acids (Wolff rearrangement), unexpected cycloalkylcarboxylic acids and bicyclic ketones (intramolecular C-H bond insertion). Rh2(OCOF3)4-promoted reactions, on the other hand, have furnished bicyclic ketones and ketene dimers.
- Ceccherelli, Paolo,Curini, Massimo,Marcotullio, Maria Carla,Pisani, Emanuela,Rosati, Ornelio,Wenkert, Ernest
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p. 8501 - 8506
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of Dimethylene Linked Compounds Incorporating the Cyclobutane or Spiroheptane Rings
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The preparation of sixteen dimethylene linked compounds is described heptane ring>, and a comparison is made between the transition temperatures of these compounds and those of the corresponding esters.This comparison once again highlights the fact that the cyclobutane ring should be regarded, in terms of its ability to promote nematic thermal stability, as a "chain stiffener rather than as a ring system.A comparison is also made of the nematic thermal stabilities of the trans-cyclobutane and the spiroheptane systems and of the trans-cyclohexane and the spiroundecane systems.
- Chan, L. K. M.,Gemmell, P. A.,Gray, G. W.,Lacey, D.,Toyne, K. J.
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p. 229 - 246
(2007/10/02)
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