- An efficient ligand exchange reaction of β-(trifyloxy)vinyliodonium triflates with aryllithium reagents leading to diaryliodonium triflates
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Reaction of β-[[(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)oxy]vinyl](phenyl)-iodonium triflates with aryllithiums gave (aryl)(phenyl)iodonium triflates selectively. This reaction indicates that ligand exchange reaction takes place efficiently at iodine atom and provides another approach to unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts.
- Kitamura, Tsugio,Kotani, Masashi,Fujiwara, Yuzo
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- Palladium Catalyzed Regioselective Cyclization of Arylcarboxylic Acids via Radical Intermediates with Diaryliodonium Salts
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Palladium-catalyzed C2-arylation/intramolecular acylation with arylcarboxylic acids was developed by using diaryliodonium salts. The protocol has the advantage of good step-economy by two chemical bonds formation in one pot.
- An, Guoqiang,Wang, Limin,Han, Jianwei
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supporting information
p. 8688 - 8693
(2021/11/24)
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- Transition Metal-Free N-Arylation of Amino Acid Esters with Diaryliodonium Salts
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A transition metal-free approach for the N-arylation of amino acid derivatives has been developed. Key to this method is the use of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts with anisyl ligands, which proved important to obtain high chemoselectivity and yields. The scope includes the transfer of both electron deficient, electron rich and sterically hindered aryl groups with a variety of different functional groups. Furthermore, a cyclic diaryliodonium salt was successfully employed in the arylation. The N-arylated products were obtained with retained enantiomeric excess.
- Kervefors, Gabriella,Kersting, Leonard,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 5790 - 5795
(2021/03/08)
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- Scalable electrochemical synthesis of diaryliodonium salts
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Cyclic and acyclic diaryliodonium are synthesised by anodic oxidation of iodobiaryls and iodoarene/arene mixtures, respectively, in a simple undivided electrolysis cell in MeCN-HFIP-TfOH without any added electrolyte salts. This atom efficient process does not require chemical oxidants and generates no chemical waste. More than 30 cyclic and acyclic diaryliodonium salts with different substitution patterns were prepared in very good to excellent yields. The reaction was scaled-up to 10 mmol scale giving more than four grams of dibenzo[b,d]iodol-5-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (>95%) in less than three hours. The solvent mixture of the large-scale experiment was recovered (>97%) and recycled several times without significant reduction in yield.
- Elsherbini, Mohamed,Moran, Wesley J.
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supporting information
p. 4706 - 4711
(2021/06/11)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Selective N-Arylation of Oxadiazolones by Diaryliodonium Salts
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Here, we report the method for copper-catalyzed N-arylation of diverse oxadiazolones by diaryliodonium salts under mild conditions in high yields (up to 92%) using available CuI as a catalyst. The developed method allows utilizing both symmetric and unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts bearing auxiliary groups such as 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl (TMP). We found that the steric effects in aryl moieties determined the chemoselectivity of N- and O-arylation of the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones. Mesityl-substituted diaryliodonium salts demonstrated the high potential as a selective arylation reagent. The structural study suggests that steric accessibility of N-atom in 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones impact to arylation with sterically hindered diaryliodonium salts. The synthetic application of proposed method was also demonstrated on selective arylation of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones and 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol. (Figure presented.).
- Soldatova, Natalia S.,Semenov, Artem V.,Geyl, Kirill K.,Baykov, Sergey V.,Shetnev, Anton A.,Konstantinova, Anna S.,Korsakov, Mikhail M.,Yusubov, Mekhman S.,Postnikov, Pavel S.
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supporting information
p. 3566 - 3576
(2021/06/16)
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- N1- and N3-Arylations of Hydantoins Employing Diaryliodonium Salts via Copper(I) Catalysis at Room Temperature
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Copper(I)-catalyzed N-arylation (both N1- and N3-) of hydantoins with diaryliodonium salts as aryl partners at room temperature is reported. The transformation allows diverse scopes on both hydantoins and diaryliodonium salts deliver
- Abha Saikia, Raktim,Barman, Dhiraj,Dutta, Anurag,Jyoti Thakur, Ashim
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supporting information
p. 400 - 410
(2020/12/17)
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- Versatile and base-free copper-catalyzed α-arylations of aromatic ketones using diaryliodonium salts
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A ligand and base-free copper catalyzed synthetic method for the efficient α-arylation of aromatic ketones is described. In order to avoid strong bases, ketone-derived silyl enol ethers were employed. Their reaction with diaryliodonium salts as aryl source provided the intermolecular C–C coupling displaying good functional group tolerance and requiring low catalyst loading.
- Bouquin, Maxime,Jaroschik, Florian,Taillefer, Marc
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supporting information
(2021/06/11)
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- Synthesis of Thio-/Selenopyrrolines via SnCl4-Catalyzed (3+2)-Cycloadditions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Thio-/Selenocyanates
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A straightforward protocol has been developed to access thio-/selenopyrrolines through a (3+2)-cycloaddition of aryl thio-/selenocyanates with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) in the presence of SnCl4 as a Lewis acid catalyst. Further, good chemoselectivity was observed when DACs were treated with 3-cyano phenyl thiocyanate. These results suggest that thiocyanate is more reactive than nitrile moiety in such (3+2)-cycloaddition reactions.
- Ali, Shamsad,Goswami, Avijit,Kalaramna, Pratibha,Singh, Prasoon Raj
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supporting information
p. 4683 - 4689
(2021/09/10)
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- Direct Copper-Catalyzed C-3 Arylation of Diphenylphosphine Oxide Indoles
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We have developed a simple and effective method for the C-3 arylation of phosphorus-containing indole compounds in the presence of CuI under mild conditions. This reaction provides a reliable method for the modification of ligands.
- Huang, Xiao-Ling,Li, Chong,Wang, Juan,Yang, Shang-Dong
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supporting information
(2021/10/25)
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- Benzanthrone derivative and preparation method thereof and application thereof in functional pigments
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The invention discloses a benzanthrone derivative and a preparation method thereof. The general formula is shown as a formula I or IV, formula I or IV, R1, R2, R3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, an ester group, an acyl group, a branched-chain or straight-chain C1-C20 alkyl group, a straight-chain or branched-chain C1-C20 alkoxy group, a branched-chain or straight-chain perfluoroC1-C20 alkyl group, a branched-chain or straight-chain perfluoroC1-C20 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C40 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C40 heteroaryl group. The benzanthrone derivative with a novel structure provided by the invention is simple in preparation method, non-toxic and harmless, has yellow fluorescence, can be used as a potential organic functional material, and is an important dye intermediate.
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Paragraph 0037-0039
(2020/07/24)
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- Copper-catalyzed arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the PO group
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The first example of a directed and regioselective arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by using a PO directing group is reported herein. The protocol uses a cheap copper catalyst, and results in a breakthrough meta-selective C-H functionalization of arylphosphine oxide compounds. Substrates with potential fluorescence properties, for example, pyrene and fluoranthene, were successfully arylated under the system, thus achieving an efficient modification of fluorescent molecules containing the PO functional group. This journal is
- Niu, Yuan,Qi, Zhichao,Lou, Qinxin,Bai, Pengbo,Yang, Shangdong
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p. 14721 - 14724
(2020/12/02)
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- Reactions of PhIX2I(iii) oxidants with heavy triphenyl pnictines
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The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+, PhI(OAc)2and PhI(OTf)(OAc) with Ph3As, Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi are described. The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+with Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi afford dicationic Pn(v) complexes ligated by pyridine in one step. These were previously reported by Burford in multi-step syntheses. Reactions with PhI(OAc)2, which were already known for Sb and Bi giving Pn(v) diacetates, were confirmed to give the same type of compound for As. Reactions with PhI(OAc)(OTf) were less selective, resulting in the isolation of iodonium cations [Ph-I-Ph]+for As and Bi, while Ph3Sb gave an oxobridged di-antimony species characteristic of the decomposition of a high valent triflate bound species.
- Aprile, Antonino,Dutton, Jason L.,Egalahewa, Sathsara
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p. 7507 - 7513
(2020/06/21)
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- Palladium(ii)-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of: C-glycosides from glycals with diaryliodonium salts
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An efficient palladium(ii) mediated C-glycosylation of glycals with diaryliodonium salts is described, providing a new strategy for the synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy C-Aryl glycosides with excellent stereoselectivity. The C-glycosylation of a diverse range of
- Das, Mrinmoy,Lee, Jiande,Liu, Xue-Wei,Pal, Kumar Bhaskar
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supporting information
p. 2242 - 2251
(2020/04/07)
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- Lewis Acidity Scale of Diaryliodonium Ions toward Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Halogen Lewis Bases
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Equilibrium constants for the associations of 17 diaryliodonium salts Ar2I+X- with 11 different Lewis bases (halide ions, carboxylates, p-nitrophenolate, amines, and tris(p-anisyl)phosphine) have been investigated by titrations followed by photometric or conductometric methods as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in acetonitrile at 20 °C. The resulting set of equilibrium constants KI covers 6 orders of magnitude and can be expressed by the linear free-energy relationship lg KI = sI LAI + LBI, which characterizes iodonium ions by the Lewis acidity parameter LAI, as well as the iodonium-specific affinities of Lewis bases by the Lewis basicity parameter LBI and the susceptibility sI. Least squares minimization with the definition LAI = 0 for Ph2I+ and sI = 1.00 for the benzoate ion provides Lewis acidities LAI for 17 iodonium ions and Lewis basicities LBI and sI for 10 Lewis bases. The lack of a general correlation between the Lewis basicities LBI (with respect to Ar2I+) and LB (with respect to Ar2CH+) indicates that different factors control the thermodynamics of Lewis adduct formation for iodonium ions and carbenium ions. Analysis of temperature-dependent equilibrium measurements as well as ITC experiments reveal a large entropic contribution to the observed Gibbs reaction energies for the Lewis adduct formations from iodonium ions and Lewis bases originating from solvation effects. The kinetics of the benzoate transfer from the bis(4-dimethylamino)-substituted benzhydryl benzoate Ar2CH-OBz to the phenyl(perfluorophenyl)iodonium ion was found to follow a first-order rate law. The first-order rate constant kobs was not affected by the concentration of Ph(C6F5)I+ indicating that the benzoate release from Ar2CH-OBz proceeds via an unassisted SN1-type mechanism followed by interception of the released benzoate ions by Ph(C6F5)I+ ions.
- Legault, Claude Y.,Mayer, Robert J.,Mayr, Herbert,Ofial, Armin R.
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supporting information
(2020/03/13)
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- Glycosyl Cross-Coupling with Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to Aryl C -Glycosides of Biomedical Relevance
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A stereospecific cross-coupling reaction of anomeric nucleophiles with diaryliodonium triflates resulting in the synthesis of aryl C-glycosides is reported. This process capitalizes on a stereoretentive reaction of configurationally stable C1 stannanes and is promoted by a palladium catalyst in the presence of a bulky phosphine ligand that suppresses the undesired β-elimination. The utility of this reaction has been demonstrated in the preparation of a series of C-glycosides derived from common saccharides resulting in exclusive transfer of anomeric configuration from the anomeric nucleophile to the product, and in the synthesis of empagliflozin, a commercial antidiabetic drug.
- Yi, Duk,Zhu, Feng,Walczak, Maciej A.
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supporting information
p. 1936 - 1940
(2018/04/12)
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- Visible Light Accelerated Vinyl C–H Arylation in Pd-Catalysis: Application in the Synthesis of ortho Tetra-substituted Vinylarene Atropisomers
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A visible light accelerated C–H functionalization reaction in palladium-catalyzed arylation of vinyl arenes with diaryliodonium salts is reported in the absence of additional photosensitizer. The kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD) was ch
- Feng, Jia,Li, Bin,Jiang, Julong,Zhang, Mingkai,Ouyang, Wenbai,Li, Chunyu,Fu, Yao,Gu, Zhenhua
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supporting information
p. 11 - 14
(2017/11/23)
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- Aerobic, Metal-Free, and Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling of Heterocycles: En Route to Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Inhibitors
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The nitrosonium ion-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of heteroarenes under mild reaction conditions is reported. The developed method utilizes ambient molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant, and only water is produced as byproduct. Dehydrogenative coupl
- Bering, Luis,Paulussen, Felix M.,Antonchick, Andrey P.
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supporting information
p. 1978 - 1981
(2018/04/16)
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- Transition metal-free, chemoselective arylation of thioamides yielding aryl thioimidates or N-aryl thioamides
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Reactions of secondary thioamides with diaryliodonium salts under basic, transition metal-free conditions resulted in chemoselective S-arylation to provide aryl thioimidates in good to excellent yields. Equimolar amounts of thioamide, base and diaryliodonium salt were sufficient to obtain a diverse selection of products within short reaction times. Reactions with thiolactams delivered N-arylated thioamides in good yield at room temperature.
- Villo, Piret,Kervefors, Gabriella,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 8810 - 8813
(2018/08/17)
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- Regiospecific N-Arylation of Aliphatic Amines under Mild and Metal-Free Reaction Conditions
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A transition metal-free N-arylation of primary and secondary amines with diaryliodonium salts is presented. Both acyclic and cyclic amines are well tolerated, providing a large set of N-alkyl anilines. The methodology is unprecedented among metal-free methods in terms of amine scope, the ability to transfer both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating aryl groups, and efficient use of resources, as excess substrate or reagents are not required.
- Purkait, Nibadita,Kervefors, Gabriella,Linde, Erika,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 11427 - 11431
(2018/08/28)
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- Preparation method of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid diaryl iodonium salt and derivative thereof
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The invention relates to a preparation method of a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid diaryl iodonium salt and a derivative thereof. The method includes: adding m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, an iodobenzene compound, a dichloromethane solution, a benzene compound
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Paragraph 0019; 0020; 0021; 0022
(2018/03/24)
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- Construction of 2,3-quaternary fused indolines from alkynyl tethered oximes and diaryliodonium salts through a cascade strategy of N-arylation/cycloaddition/[3,3]-rearrangement
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A variety of 2,3-quaternary fused indolines could be prepared in good yields with high diastereoselectivity from alkynyl tethered oximes and diaryliodonium salts under mild metal-free conditions. The reaction initially goes through a selective N-arylation to provide alkynyl tethered nitrones and regioselectively undergoes an intramolecular (3 + 2) cycloaddition followed by a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to afford 2,3-quaternary fused indolines in a one-pot fashion. The method features easily available cheap materials, multiple bond formation, gram scalable preparation and diversity of fused indoline scaffolds.
- Ma, Xiao-Pan,Li, Kun,Wu, Si-Yi,Liang, Cui,Su, Gui-Fa,Mo, Dong-Liang
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p. 5761 - 5766
(2017/12/26)
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- A Modular Flow Design for the meta-Selective C?H Arylation of Anilines
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Described herein is an effective and practical modular flow design for the meta-selective C?H arylation of anilines. The design consists of four continuous-flow modules (i.e., diaryliodonium salt synthesis, meta-selective C?H arylation, inline copper extraction, and aniline deprotection) which can be operated either individually or consecutively to provide direct access to meta-arylated anilines. With a total residence time of 1 hour, the desired product could be obtained in high yield and excellent purity without the need for column chromatography, and the residual copper content meets the standards for parenterally administered pharmaceutical substances.
- Gemoets, Hannes P. L.,Laudadio, Gabriele,Verstraete, Kirsten,Hessel, Volker,No?l, Timothy
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supporting information
p. 7161 - 7165
(2017/06/13)
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- Flow Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Triflates
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A safe and scalable synthesis of diaryliodonium triflates was achieved using a practical continuous-flow design. A wide array of electron-rich to electron-deficient arenes could readily be transformed to their respective diaryliodonium salts on a gram scale, with residence times varying from 2 to 60 s (44 examples).
- Laudadio, Gabriele,Gemoets, Hannes P. L.,Hessel, Volker,No?l, Timothy
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p. 11735 - 11741
(2017/11/24)
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- Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Salts from Arenes and Aryl Iodides with Oxone
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A straightforward synthesis of diaryliodonium salts is achieved by using Oxone as the stoichiometric oxidant. Slow addition is the key to obtaining good yields and purities of the reaction products, which are highly useful reagents in many different areas of organic synthesis.
- Soldatova, Natalia,Postnikov, Pavel,Kukurina, Olga,Zhdankin, Viktor V.,Yoshimura, Akira,Wirth, Thomas,Yusubov, Mekhman S.
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- Isocyanide-Induced Activation of Copper Sulfate: Direct Access to Functionalized Heteroarene Sulfonic Esters
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A novel and direct approach to alkyl/aryl heteroarene sulfonic esters using copper sulfate as the environmentally benign inorganic sulfonation reagent was first realized with the aid of isocyanide. A variety of heterocycles reacted to afford the corresponding sulfonic esters through C?H functionalization. In this transformation, the otherwise inert copper sulfate was unusually activated by an isocyanide and employed as the source of the sulfonic substituents in an unprecedented fashion. The findings suggest that an appropriate activator may liberate the chemical activities of some relatively inert inorganic salts for organic synthesis.
- Hong, Xiaohu,Tan, Qitao,Liu, Bingxin,Xu, Bin
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supporting information
p. 3961 - 3965
(2017/03/27)
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- Synthesis of quaternary aryl phosphonium salts: Photoredox-mediated phosphine arylation
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We report a synthesis method for the construction of quaternary aryl phoshonium salts at ambient temperature. The regiospecific reaction involves the coupling of phosphines with aryl radicals derived from diaryliodonium salts under photoredox conditions.
- Fearnley,An,Jackson,Lindovska,Denton
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supporting information
p. 4987 - 4990
(2016/04/08)
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- Ligand- and Base-Free Access to Diverse Biaryls by the Reductive Coupling of Diaryliodonium Salts
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A ligand- and base-free, Pd-catalyzed protocol to access a wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical biaryls from stable diaryliodonium salts was developed. The reaction involved the use of an effective and recyclable Pd/polyethylene glycol-400 catalyst system to harness the aryl moieties of two diaryliodonium salts; the ensuing biaryls may be utilized to synthesize an array of useful compounds, including 5-aryluracils, carbazoles, chromenones, fluorenones, phenathridines, and boscalid analogues.
- Arun,Reddy, P. O. Venkataramana,Pilania, Meenakshi,Kumar, Dalip
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p. 2096 - 2100
(2016/05/09)
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- Iron-catalyzed synthesis of arylsulfinates through radical coupling reaction
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A novel strategy for installation of a sulfonyl fragment into arenes has been accomplished via an iron-catalyzed radical coupling reaction. Arene radicals derived from diaryliodoniums via single electron transfer reaction combine with sulfoxylate anion radicals readily generated from commercially available rongalite (HOCH2SO2Na·2H2O) to afford arylsulfinates efficiently at room temperature. In this protocol, a broad range of functional groups are tolerated to give products in good yields.
- Zhang, Weixi,Luo, Meiming
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supporting information
p. 2980 - 2983
(2016/02/19)
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- One-Pot C?H Functionalization of Arenes by Diaryliodonium Salts
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A transition-metal-free, mild, and highly regioselective synthesis of nitroarenes from arenes has been developed. The products are obtained in a sequential one-pot reaction by nitration of iodine(III) reagents with two carbon ligands, which are formed in situ from iodine(I). This novel concept has been extended to formation of aryl azides, and constitutes an important step towards catalytic reactions with these hypervalent iodine reagents. An efficient nitration of isolated diaryliodonium salts has also been developed, and the mechanism is proposed to proceed by a [2,2] ligand coupling pathway.
- Reitti, Marcus,Villo, Piret,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 8928 - 8932
(2016/07/26)
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- Efficient O-Functionalization of Carbohydrates with Electrophilic Reagents
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Novel methodology for O-functionalization of carbohydrate derivatives has been established using bench-stable and easily prepared iodonium(III) reagents. Both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating aryl groups were introduced under ambient conditions and without precautions to exclude air or moisture. Furthermore, the approach was extended both to full arylation of cyclodextrin, and to trifluoroethylation of carbohydrate derivatives. This is the first general approach to introduce traditionally non-electrophilic groups into any of the OH groups around the sugar backbone. The methodology will be useful both in synthetic organic chemistry and biochemistry, as important functional groups can be incorporated under simple and robust reaction conditions in a fast and efficient manner.
- Tolnai, Gergely L.,Nilsson, Ulf J.,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 11226 - 11230
(2016/10/13)
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- Catalytic C(sp3)?H Arylation of Free Primary Amines with an exo Directing Group Generated In Situ
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Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of unactivated aliphatic C?H bonds in free primary amines. This method takes advantage of an exo-imine-type directing group (DG) that can be generated and removed in situ. A range of unprotected aliphatic amines are suitable substrates, undergoing site-selective arylation at the γ-position. Methyl as well as cyclic and acyclic methylene groups can be activated. Furthermore, when aniline-derived substrates were used, preliminary success with δ-C?H arylation was achieved. The feasibility of using the DG component in a catalytic fashion was also demonstrated.
- Xu, Yan,Young, Michael C.,Wang, Chengpeng,Magness, David M.,Dong, Guangbin
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supporting information
p. 9084 - 9087
(2016/07/26)
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- Metal-Free Direct α-Selective Arylation of Boron Dipyrromethenes via Base-Mediated C-H Functionalization
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A metal-free direct α-selective arylation of BODIPYs has been developed based on base-mediated C-H functionalization with easily accessible diaryliodonium salts, which provides a straightforward facile access to a variety of α-arylBODIPY dyes. The α-regioselectivity was confirmed by X-ray analysis, and was studied by DFT calculation. The resultant dyes show strong absorption and emission over a broad range of spectra tunable via the simple variation of the diaryliodonium salts. (Chemical Equation Presented).
- Zhou, Xin,Wu, Qinghua,Yu, Yang,Yu, Changjiang,Hao, Erhong,Wei, Yun,Mu, Xiaolong,Jiao, Lijuan
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supporting information
p. 736 - 739
(2016/03/01)
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- Increased photocurrent in a tandem dye-sensitized solar cell by modifications in push-pull dye-design
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Donor-π-acceptor photosensitizers for NiO photocathodes that exhibit a broad spectral response across the visible region are presented. These enabled an increase in the photocurrent density of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells to 8.2 mA cm-2 and a tandem cell to be assembled which generated a photocurrent density of 5.15 mA cm-2.
- Wood,Summers,Gibson
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supporting information
p. 3915 - 3918
(2015/03/18)
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- Transition-Metal-Free N-Arylation of Pyrazoles with Diaryliodonium Salts
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A new synthetic method was developed for the N-arylation of pyrazoles using diaryliodonium salts. The transformation does not require any transition-metal catalyst and provides the desired N-arylpyrazoles rapidly under mild reaction condition in the presence of aqueous ammonia solution as a mild base without the use of inert atmosphere. The chemoselectivity of unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts was also explored with large number of examples.
- Gonda, Zsombor,Novák, Zoltán
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supporting information
p. 16801 - 16806
(2015/11/16)
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- Metal-Free C-Arylation of Nitro Compounds with Diaryliodonium Salts
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An efficient, mild, and metal-free arylation of nitroalkanes with diaryliodonium salts has been developed, giving easy access to tertiary nitro compounds. The reaction proceeds in high yields without the need for excess reagents and can be extended to α-arylation of nitroesters. Nitroalkanes were selectively C-arylated in the presence of other easily arylated functional groups, such as phenols and aliphatic alcohols.
- Dey, Chandan,Lindstedt, Erik,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 4554 - 4557
(2015/09/28)
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- Metal-free n -arylation of secondary amides at room temperature
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The arylation of secondary acyclic amides has been achieved with diaryliodonium salts under mild and metal-free conditions. The methodology has a wide scope, allows synthesis of tertiary amides with highly congested aryl moieties, and avoids the regioselectivity problems observed in reactions with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene.
- Tinnis, Fredrik,Stridfeldt, Elin,Lundberg, Helena,Adolfsson, Hans,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 2688 - 2691
(2015/06/16)
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- Palladium-catalyzed P(O)R2 directed C-H arylation to synthesize electron-rich polyaromatic monophosphorus ligands
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Palladium-catalyzed arylation of (diisopropylphosphoryl)biphenyl skeleton derivatives by the P(O)R2 directed C-H functionalization was reported. The related products were obtained in high regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance was observed. This reaction provided a new and efficient pathway for the synthesis of polyaromatic monophosphorus ligands. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Hu, Rong-Bin,Zhang, Heng,Zhang, Xiao-Yu,Yang, Shang-Dong
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supporting information
p. 2193 - 2195
(2014/02/14)
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- Copper-catalyzed oxidative electrophilic carbofunctionalization of acrylamides for the synthesis of oxindoles
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A novel and efficient copper-catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization of arylacrylamides with diaryliodonium salts is reported. This reaction provides a novel approach for the synthesis of oxindoles and various functional groups were well tolerated.
- Li, Xueqin,Xu, Jian,Zhang, Pengbo,Gao, Yuzhen,Wu, Ju,Tang, Guo,Zhao, Yufen
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supporting information
p. 2009 - 2012
(2014/11/08)
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- Metal-free one-pot synthesis of benzofurans
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Ethyl acetohydroxamate was efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts at room temperature under transition-metal-free conditions. The obtained O-arylated products were reacted in situ with ketones under acidic conditions to yield substituted benzo[b]furans through oxime formation, [3,3]-rearrangement, and cyclization in a fast and operationally simple one-pot fashion without using excess reagents. Alternatively, the O-arylated products could be isolated or transformed in situ to aryloxyamines or O-arylaldoximes. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of Stemofuran A and the formal syntheses of Coumestan, Eupomatenoid 6, and (+)-machaeriol B. Just add salt! A metal-free, room temperature arylation of ethyl acetohydroxamate, followed by an in situ reaction with ketones under acidic conditions yielded substituted benzo[b]furans in a fast and operationally simple one-pot fashion without using excess reagents (see scheme). Alternatively, the O-arylated products could be isolated, hydrolyzed in situ to aryloxyamines, or transformed to O-arylaldoximes. The efficiency of the methodology was demonstrated by the formal synthesis of several biologically active benzofurans.
- Ghosh, Raju,Stridfeldt, Elin,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 8888 - 8892
(2014/07/22)
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- Transition metal-free direct C-H functionalization of quinones and naphthoquinones with diaryliodonium salts: Synthesis of aryl naphthoquinones as β-secretase inhibitors
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A novel ligand-free, transition metal-free direct C.H functionalization of quinones with diaryliodonium salts has been developed for the first time. The transformation was promoted only through the use of a base and gave aryl quinone derivatives in moderate to good yields. This methodology provided an effective and easy way to synthesize β-secretase inhibitors. The radical trapping experiments showed that this progress was the radical mechanism.
- Wang, Dawei,Ge, Bingyang,Li, Liang,Shan, Jie,Ding, Yuqiang
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supporting information
p. 8607 - 8613
(2015/01/08)
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- Halogen exchange via a halogenation of diaryliodonium salts with cuprous halide
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An efficient halogenation reaction has been developed with diaryliodonium salts and cuprous halides. Various diaryliodonium salts 1 could perform the reaction with readily available CuBr or CuCl in CH3CN at 80°C, assembling bromoarenes or chloroarenes in up to 92% yields. This provides us a method for the transformation from iodoarenes to other haloarenes.
- Li, Jian,Liu, Li,Ding, Dong,Sun, Jiang-Tao
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p. 541 - 548
(2014/01/06)
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- Metal-free arylation of oxygen nucleophiles with diaryliodonium salts
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Phenols and carboxylic acids are efficiently arylated with diaryliodonium salts. The reaction conditions are mild, metal free, and avoid the use of halogenated solvents, additives, and excess reagents. The products are obtained in good-to-excellent yields after short reaction times. Steric hindrance is very well tolerated, both in the nucleophile and diaryliodonium salt. The scope includes ortho- and halo-substituted products, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Many functional groups are tolerated, including carbonyl groups, heteroatoms, and alkenes. Unsymmetric salts can be chemoselectively utilized to obtain products with hitherto unreported levels of steric congestion. The arylation has been extended to sulfonic acids, which can be converted to sulfonate esters by two different approaches. With recent advances in efficient synthetic procedures for diaryliodonium salts the reagents are now inexpensive and readily available. The iodoarene byproduct formed from the iodonium reagent can be recovered quantitatively and used to regenerate the diaryliodonium salt, which improves the atom economy. Copyright
- Jalalian, Nazli,Petersen, Tue B.,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information
p. 14140 - 14149,10
(2012/12/12)
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- Highly selective activation of vinyl C-S bonds over aryl C-S bonds in the Pd-catalyzed coupling of (E)-(β-trifluoromethyl)vinyldiphenylsulfonium salts: Preparation of trifluoromethylated alkenes and dienes
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We describe the Suzuki coupling reaction of (E)-(β-trifluoromethyl) vinyldiphenylsulfonium salts with arylboronic acid. The highly efficient and selective reaction provides a useful and mild method for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated alkenes and dienes. Subsequent DFT studies showed that the oxidative addition transition state of the vinyl C-S bond is much more favorable (11.7 kcal mol-1) than that of the aryl C-S bond. Copyright
- Lin, Hao,Dong, Xicheng,Li, Yuxue,Shen, Qilong,Lu, Long
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4675 - 4679
(2012/10/08)
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- Combining transition metal catalysis with radical chemistry: Dramatic acceleration of palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation with diaryliodonium salts
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This paper describes a photoredox palladium/iridium-catalyzed C-H arylation with diaryliodonium reagents. Details of the reaction optimization, substrate scope, and mechanism are presented along with a comparison to a related method in which aryldiazonium salts are used in place of diaryliodonium reagents. The unprecedentedly mild reaction conditions (25 C in methanol), the requirement for light and a photocatalyst, the inhibitory effect of radical scavengers, and the observed chemoselectivity trends are all consistent with a radical-mediated mechanism for this transformation. This stands in contrast to the analogous thermal reaction with diaryliodonium reagents that is believed to proceed via an ionic' 2e- pathway and requires a much higher reaction temperature (100 C).
- Neufeldt, Sharon R.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 3517 - 3522
(2013/02/22)
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- Room temperature, metal-free synthesis of diaryl ethers with use of diaryliodonium salts
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A fast, high-yielding synthesis of diaryl ethers with use of mild and metal-free conditions has been developed. The scope includes bulky ortho-substituted diaryl ethers, which are difficult to obtain by metal-catalyzed protocols. Halo-substituents, racemization-prone amino acid derivatives, and heteroaromatics are also tolerated. The methodology is expected to be of high utility in the synthesis of complex molecules and in the pharmaceutical industry.
- Jalalian, Nazli,Ishikawa, Eloisa E.,Silva, Luiz F.,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 1552 - 1555
(2011/04/26)
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- Metal-free synthesis of aryl esters from carboxylic acids and diaryliodonium salts
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An efficient arylation of carboxylic acids with diaryliodonium salts has been developed, giving aryl esters in high yields within short reaction times for both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. The transition-metal-free conditions are compatible with a range of functional groups, and good chemoselectivity is observed with unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts. Furthermore, steric hindrance in the ortho positions is well tolerated both in the carboxylic acid and in the diaryliodonium salt, yielding aryl esters that cannot be obtained via other esterification protocols.
- Petersen, Tue B.,Khan, Rehan,Olofsson, Berit
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 3462 - 3465
(2011/08/07)
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- Fluoride-promoted ligand exchange in diaryliodonium salts
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Diaryliodonium salts are shown to undergo rapid, fluoride-promoted aryl exchange reactions at room temperature in acetonitrile. Aryl exchange is shown to be exquisitely sensitive to the concentration of fluoride ion in solution; fast exchange is observed as the fluoride concentration approaches a stoichiometric amount at 50 mM substrate concentration. The reaction is slowed, but not halted if benzene is the solvent, indicating that free fluoride ion or a four-coordinate anionic I(III) species may be responsible for the exchange. The fluoride-promoted aryl exchange reaction is general and allows direct measurement of the relative stabilities of diaryliodonium salts featuring different aryl substituents. The aryl exchange reaction may be of practical use for the preparation of hitherto inaccessible diaryliodonium salts, thus it also has implications for labeling radiotracers for molecular imaging with 18F-fluoride (t1/2 = 109.7 min).
- Wang, Bijia,Cerny, Ronald L.,Uppaluri, Shriharsha,Kempinger, Jayson J.,Dimagno, Stephen G.
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experimental part
p. 1113 - 1121
(2011/02/25)
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- Synthesis of diaryliodonium triflates using environmentally benign oxidizing agents
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A range of symmetric and unsymmetric diaryliodonium triflates have been prepared employing urea-hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. The use of aqueous hydrogen peroxide and catalytic systems with methylrhenium trioxide in the oxidation of iodoarenes
- Merritt, Eleanor A.,Malmgren, Joel,Klinke, Felix J.,Olofsson, Berit
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experimental part
p. 2277 - 2280
(2009/12/08)
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- Cu(II)-catalyzed direct and site-selective arylation of indoles under mild conditions
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We have developed a new site-selective Cu(II)-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization process that can selectively arylate indoles at either the C3 or C2 position under mild conditions. The scope of the arylation process is broad and tolerates broad functionality on both the indole and aryl unit, which makes it amenable to further elaboration. The mechanism of the arylation reaction is proposed to proceed via a Cu(III)-aryl species that undergoes initial electrophilic addition at the C3 position of the indole motif. We speculate that site of indole arylation arises through a migration of the Cu(III)-aryl group from C3 to C2, and this can be controlled by the nature of the group on the nitrogen atom; free (NH)- and N-alkylindoles deliver the C3-arylated product, whereas N-acetylindoles afford the C2 isomer, both with excellent yield and selectivity. Copyright
- Phipps, Robert J.,Grimster, Neil P.,Gaunt, Matthew J.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8172 - 8174
(2009/02/02)
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- Efficient and general one-pot synthesis of diaryliodonium triflates: Optimization, scope and limitations
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Symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryliodonium triflates have been synthesized from both electron-deficient and electron-rich arenes and aryl iodides with mCPBA and triflic acid. A thorough investigation of the optimization, scope and limitations has resulted in an improved one-pot protocol that is fast, high-yielding, and operationally simple. The reaction has been extended to the direct synthesis of symmetrical iodonium salts from iodine and arenes, conveniently circumventing the need for aryl iodides.
- Bielawski, Marcin,Zhu, Mingzhao,Olofsson, Berit
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p. 2610 - 2618
(2008/09/19)
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