- METHODS FOR TREATING CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
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In one aspect the invention relates to a method of treatment selected from the group consisting of: (a) treating a symptom such as pain in a subject identified or diagnosed as having Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS); (b) treating a symptom such as pain in a subject having dysfunctional TRPM3 ion channel activity; (c) restoring NK cell function in a subject having dysfunctional TRPM3 ion channel activity; and (d) restoring calcium homeostasis in a subject having dysfunctional TRPM3 ion channel activity. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one therapeutic compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) an opioid receptor antagonist; (ii) an opioid antagonist; and (iii) a therapeutic compound that restores TRPM3 ion channel activity. In some embodiments the therapeutic compound is naltrexone hydrochloride.
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- Nimodipine impurity IV reference substance as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a nimodipine impurity IV reference substance and a preparation method thereof. The method includes the steps that diketene, ethyl alcohol and triethylamine are taken and addedinto a container to be heated and cooled, reaction liquid is washed with water, washing liquid is discarded, anhydrous sodium sulfate is added and placed overnight, filtrate is obtained after filtration, ammonia gas is introduced into the filtrate until the filtrate is saturated, and the nimodipine impurity IV reference substance is obtained; and after the reaction is finished, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, methoxyethyl acetoacetate and ethanol are added, heating refulx is performed, the mixture is cooled and filtered, the solvent is removed through volatilization in a water bath to obtain a yellow viscous liquid, and recrystallization is carried out to obtain a yellow acicular crystal, namely the nimodipine impurity IV reference substance. The invention also discloses an application of the nimodipine impurity IV reference substance in nimodipine tablet consistency evaluation. According to the preparation method, the impurity IV can be prepared in a general analysis laboratory, special preparation equipment is not needed, the operation is simple, the purity of the obtained impurity reference substance can reach 98.4%, the purity requirement of the reference substance is met, and the preparation method can be used for consistency evaluation of the variety.
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Paragraph 0057-0059
(2020/11/22)
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- Metal-free-mediated oxidation aromatization of 1,4-dihydropyridines to pyridines using visible light and air
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A metal-free and environmentally friendly aerobic aromatization photosensitized by organic dye eosin Y bis(tetrabutyl ammonium salt) (TBA-eosinY) has been developed. With the aid of K2CO3, the aerobic catalytic system converts 1,4-dihydropyridines to their corresponding pyridine derivatives efficiently under visible light irradiation (λ=450 nm) at room temperature.
- Wei, Xiaojing,Wang, Lin,Jia, Wenliang,Du, Shaofu,Wu, Lizhu,Liu, Qiang
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supporting information
p. 1245 - 1250
(2015/02/05)
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- Polymorph Compositions, Methods of Making, and Uses Thereof
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The described invention provides a biodegradable, biocompatible delivery system of flowable sustained release microparticulate composition of a substantially pure crystalline form of a bioactive agent such as, for example, nimodipine, a process of preparing a therapeutic form of a substantially pure crystalline form of the bioactive agent and a method for treating an interruption of a cerebral artery in a subarachnoid space at risk of interruption caused by brain injury in a mammal, which reduces signs or symptoms of at least one delayed complication associated with brain injury.
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Paragraph 0290; 0291; 0292
(2013/11/19)
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- THERAPY FOR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
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A method for enhancing glycemic control and/or insulin sensitivity in a human subject having diabetic nephropathy and/or metabolic syndrome comprises administering to the subject a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist in a glycemic control and/or insulin sensitivity enhancing effective amount. A method for treating a complex of comorbidities in an elderly diabetic human subject comprises administering to the subject a selective ETA receptor antagonist in combination or as adjunctive therapy with at least one additional agent that is (i) other than a selective ETA receptor antagonist and (ii) effective in treatment of diabetes and/or at least one of said comorbidities other than hypertension. A therapeutic combination useful in such a method comprises a selective ETA receptor antagonist and at least one antidiabetic, anti-obesity or antidyslipidemic agent other than a selective ETA receptor antagonist.
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- ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY
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A new use of darusentan is provided in preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for lowering blood pressure in a patient exhibiting resistance to a baseline antihypertensive therapy with one or more drugs. The composition comprises darusentan in an amount providing a therapeutically effective daily dose; wherein (a) the composition is orally deliverable and/or (b) the daily dose of darusentan is effective to provide a reduction of at least about 3 mmHg in one or more blood pressure parameters selected from trough sitting systolic, trough sitting diastolic, 24-hour ambulatory systolic, 24-hour ambulatory diastolic, maximum diurnal systolic and maximum diurnal diastolic blood pressures. Further provided is a new use of darusentan in preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for lowering blood pressure in a patient exhibiting resistance to a baseline antihypertensive therapy, wherein the composition is administered adjunctively with at least one diuretic and at least one antihypertensive drug selected from ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers.
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- Method for treating resistant hypertension
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A method is provided for lowering blood pressure in a patient having clinically diagnosed resistant hypertension. The method comprises administering darusentan to the patient adjunctively with a baseline antihypertensive regimen that comprises administration of at least one diuretic and at least two antihypertensive drugs selected from at least two of (a) ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, (b) beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and (c) calcium channel blockers. The darusentan is orally administered at a dose and frequency effective, in combination with the baseline regimen, to provide a reduction of at least about 3 mmHg in one or more blood pressure parameters selected from trough sitting systolic, trough sitting diastolic, 24-hour ambulatory systolic, 24-hour ambulatory diastolic, maximum diurnal systolic and maximum diurnal diastolic blood pressures.
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- Syntheses, calcium channel antagonist and anticonvulsant activities of substituted 1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates containing various 3-alkyl ester substituents
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A group of 3-alkyl-5-isopropyl 4-aryl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates 10-20 containing an amine, quaternary ammonium, aryl(heteroaryl)alkenyl, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl or methoxy moiety in the C-3 alkyl ester R-substituent in combination with a C-4 phenyl ring bearing a 2,3-Cl2, 3-NO2, 3-NMe2, 4-NMe2 or 3,4,5-(OMe)3 X-substituent were prepared using the Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine reaction. In vitro calcium channel antagonist activity (CCA) was determined using a guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assay. In the C-4 3-nitrophenyl series of compounds, the C-3 ester R substituent was a determinant CCA activity where the relative potency order was -CH2CH2CH=C-(2-methylphenyl)2 ≤ -CH2CH2NMe2.HCl > -CH2CH2CH=C (3-methyl-2-thienyl)2 > -CH2CH2+NMe3I-. The position and nature of the C-4 phenyl X-substituent, were also determinants of CCA activity where the relative activity order was 3-NMe2>4-NMe2>3,4,5-(OMe)3. Anticonvulsant activities were determined in mice using the subcutaneous metrazol (scMet) and maximal electroshock (MES) screens. The compounds investigated were generally not effective for protecting against scMet induced seizures, except for 10 {X = 2,3-Cl2, R = 2-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl} and 14a (X = 3-NMe2.HCl, R = CH2CH2OMe), which exhibited modest activity. Compound 11a (X = 3-NO2, R = -CH2CH2NMe2.HCl) was the most effective agent in the MES screen. All of the compounds investigated, except for 11b (X = 3-NO2, R = -CH2CH2+NMe3 I-, Kp = 0.15) are lipophilic with n-octanol/aqueous phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) partition coefficients (Kp) in the 121-424 range relative to the reference drug nimodipine (Kp = 187). The structure-activity relationship acquired reinforce the concept that calcium is only one of several factors that are involved in seizure generation.
- Yiu, Sai-Hay,Knaus, Edward E.
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- Approaches to combinatorial synthesis of heterocycles: A solid-phase synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines
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N-Immobilized enamino esters 2 derived from amine-functionalized PAL or Rink polystyrene resins react with preformed 2-arylidene β-keto esters or directly with β-keto esters and aldehydes to afford, upon trifluoroacetic acid cleavage, 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives in good yields. The mechanism of this transformation on solid support has been studied using 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies. This new solid-phase synthesis has been applied to the preparation of several bioactive DHPs and is designed to be amenable to the 'split and pool' protocol for combinatorial library synthesis.
- Gordeev, Mikhail F.,Patel, Dinesh V.,Gordon, Eric M.
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p. 924 - 928
(2007/10/03)
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- 1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2'-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dicarboxylic acid,methyl or ethyl,trifluoroethyl ester
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The invention relates to optically active 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds of Formulas Ia and Ib as defined hereinabove which are effective for influencing circulation. Also included in the invention are compositions containing said optically active compounds and methods for the use of said compounds and compositions.
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- Nimodipine: Synthesis and metabolic pathway
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Key step of the synthesis of the calcium antagonistic cerebral vasodilator (±) isopropyl-2-methoxyethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (Bay e 9736, nimodipine) is the cyclising Michael addition. A pharmacokinetic study with 14C-nimodipine in the rat revealed as major metabolites the dihydropyridines as well as the pyridines. A potential metabolic pathway is discussed involving ether cleavage and oxidation to the pyridine form as primary biotransformation steps. Reference metabolites were synthesized using 1,4-dihydropyridines with appropriate functionalities as precursors.
- Meyer,Wehinger,Bossert,Scherling
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p. 106 - 112
(2007/10/02)
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