- Multicomponent Synthesis, Binding Mode, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors with Bifurcated Capping Groups
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Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an emerging target for the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and other diseases. Here, we present the multicomponent synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of tetrazole-based
- Re?ing, Nina,S?nnichsen, Melf,Osko, Jeremy D.,Sch?ler, Andrea,Schliehe-Diecks, Julian,Skerhut, Alexander,Borkhardt, Arndt,Hauer, Julia,Kassack, Matthias U.,Christianson, David. W.,Bhatia, Sanil,Hansen, Finn K.
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- Rhodium(III)-catalyzed chemodivergent annulations between phenyloxazoles and diazos via C–H activation
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Acid-controlled, chemodivergent and redox-neutral annulations for the synthesis of isocoumarins and isoquinolinones have been realized via Rh(III)-catalyzed C[sbnd]H activation. Diazo compounds act as a carbene precursor, and coupling occurs in one-pot process, where adipic acid and trimethylacetic acid promote chemodivergent cyclizations.
- Zhang, Xueguo,Wang, Peigen,Zhu, Liangwei,Chen, Baohua
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supporting information
p. 695 - 699
(2020/06/28)
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- Synthesis and anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities of 3-(4-aminophenyl)-coumarin derivatives
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic disease characterised by an unknown aetiology of inflammatory synovitis. A large number of studies have shown that synoviocytes show tumour-like dysplasia in the pathological process of RA, and the changes in the expression of related cytokines are closely related to the pathogenesis of RA. In this thesis, a series of novel 3-(4-aminophenyl) coumarins containing different substituents were synthesised to find new coumarin anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The results of preliminary activity screening showed that compound 5e had the strongest inhibitory activity on the proliferation of fibroid synovial cells, and it also had inhibitory effect on RA-related cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. The preliminary mechanism study showed that compound 5e could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathway. The anti-inflammatory activity of compound 5ein?vivo was further determined in the rat joint inflammation model.
- Miao, Yuhang,Yang, Jie,Yun, Yinling,Sun, Jie,Wang, Xiaojing
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p. 450 - 461
(2021/02/19)
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- Three-Component 1,2-Carboamidation of Bridged Bicyclic Alkenes via RhIII-Catalyzed Addition of C-H Bonds and Amidating Reagents
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A three-component method is described for the preparation of syn-1,2-disubstituted bridged bicyclic compounds. The reaction was demonstrated for readily available aromatic and heteroaromatic C-H bond substrates with tertiary and secondary amide, lactam, p
- Brandes, Daniel S.,Sirvent, Ana,Mercado, Brandon Q.,Ellman, Jonathan A.
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supporting information
p. 2836 - 2840
(2021/04/12)
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- Green preparation process of 2-methyl-3-methoxybenzoyl chloride
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The invention discloses a green preparation process of 2-methyl-3-methoxybenzoyl chloride. The green preparation process comprises the following steps: heating and hydrolyzing methyl 2-methyl-3-methoxybenzoate in an alkaline aqueous solution, and distilling off generated methanol while a hydrolysis reaction is carried out; adding an organic solvent into hydrolyzed reaction liquid under the condition of heat preservation for dissolving, and adding an acidic aqueous solution for neutralizing; conducting neutralizing, then preserving heat and conducting layering to obtain a water layer and an organic layer, and washing the organic layer with water; heating the washed organic layer for azeotropic water removal; and adding a catalyst into the organic layer after azeotropic dehydration, carrying out heating, dropwise adding an acylating chlorination reagent, and carrying out a heat-preserved reaction to obtain the 2-methyl-3-methoxybenzoyl chloride. In a neutralization process after hydrolysis is completed, the organic solvent is added, and the product 2-methyl-3-methoxybenzoic acid is transferred into the organic solvent and is transferred to a subsequent reaction in a solution state, so water consumption for post-treatment is reduced, and meanwhile, harm to a working environment and the health of workers in the solid dust drying and feeding process is avoided.
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Paragraph 0026
(2021/07/14)
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- Preparation method of 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene and synthesis process of methoxyfenozide
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The invention relates to the field of insecticides, in particular to a preparation method of 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene and a synthesis process of methoxyfenozide. The preparation method of the 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene comprises the following steps: in a solvent, mixing 2, 6-dichlorotoluene with sodium methoxide, and carrying out a substitution reaction to prepare a first reaction solution containing 3-chloro-2-sodium methylphenolate and the 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene; and dropwise adding dimethyl sulfate into the first reaction solution, carrying out etherification reaction, removing 3-chloro-2-sodium methylphenolate to obtain a second reaction solution, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene. The synthesis process of the methoxyfenozide comprises the following steps: preparing 3-methoxy-2-methyl benzoic acid by taking 6-chloro-2-methoxytoluene as an intermediate; using 3-methoxy-2-methyl benzoic acid and 3, 5-dimethyl benzoic acid as intermediates, and preparing to obtain the methoxyfenozide. According to the synthesis process disclosed by the invention, the yield and the purity of methoxyfenozide can be remarkably improved.
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Paragraph 0102; 0106-0108; 0128-0131; 0142-0143; 0150-0151
(2021/08/14)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl (Pseudo)Halides Through In Situ Generation of Carbon Monoxide
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An efficient palladium-catalyzed chlorocarbonylation of aryl (pseudo)halides that gives access to a wide range of carboxylic acid derivatives has been developed. The use of butyryl chloride as a combined CO and Cl source eludes the need for toxic, gaseous carbon monoxide, thus facilitating the synthesis of high-value products from readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The combination of palladium(0), Xantphos, and an amine base is essential to promote this broadly applicable catalytic reaction. Overall, this reaction provides access to a great variety of carbonyl-containing products through in situ transformation of the generated aroyl chloride. Combined experimental and computational studies support a reaction mechanism involving in situ generation of CO.
- Bismuto, Alessandro,Boehm, Philip,Morandi, Bill,Roediger, Sven
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supporting information
p. 17887 - 17896
(2020/08/19)
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- Synthesis and molecular docking studies of some novel antimicrobial benzamides
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Common use of classical antibiotics has caused to the growing emergence of many resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a number of N-(2-hydroxy-(4 or 5)-nitrophenyl)benzamide derivatives as a new class of antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, our second goal is to predict the interaction between active structures and enzymes (DNA –gyrase and FtsA) in the binding mode. In this study, thirteen N-(2-hydroxy-(4 or 5-nitrophenyl)-substituted-benzamides were synthesized and determined for their antimicrobial activity using the microdilution method. According to this work, none of the compounds showed any activity against Candida albicans and its clinical isolate. Some of the benzamides (4N1, 5N1, 5N2) displayed very significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MSSA with 4 μg/ml MIC value, even they were found to be more potent than ceftazidime. 4N1 was also found to be more effective than gentamicin against Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolate. Molecular docking studies revealed that 4N1, 5N1, and 5N2 showed a good interactions with DNA-gyrase. Moreover, 5N1 has interacted with FtsA enzyme in the binding mode, as well. Only compound 5N4 displayed very good activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These findings showed us that 4N1, 5N1, 5N2, and 5N4 could be lead compounds to discover new antibacterial candidates against multidrug-resistant strains.
- Acar, Cemre,Yal??n, Gozde,Ertan-Bolelli, Tu?ba,Kaynak Onurda?, Fatma,?kten, Suzan,?ener, Funda,Y?ld?z, ?lkay
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- Electrochemical intramolecular C-H/N-H functionalization for the synthesis of isoxazolidine-fused isoquinolin-1(2: H)-ones
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A general and practical protocol for the construction of isoxazolidine-fused isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones has been described by electrochemical-oxidation-induced intramolecular annulation via amidyl radicals. In an undivided cell, isoquinolinones could be easily generated from various available amides bearing CONHOR groups under metal-free, additive-free and external oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, this transformation proceeded smoothly by using cheap 95% ethanol as the green solvent and could be extended to the gram scale.
- Zhang, Lin-Bao,Geng, Rui-Sen,Wang, Zi-Chen,Ren, Guang-Yi,Wen, Li-Rong,Li, Ming
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supporting information
p. 16 - 21
(2020/01/13)
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- Palladium-catalyzed cascade decarboxylative amination/6- endo-dig benzannulation of o-alkynylarylketones with n-hydroxyamides to access diverse 1-naphthylamine derivatives
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An efficient and practical one-pot strategy to produce highly substituted 1-naphthylamines via sequential palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative amination/intramolecular 6-endo-dig benzannulation reactions has been described. In this reaction, a broad range of electron-rich, electron-neutral, and electron-deficient o-alkynylarylketones react well with N-hydroxyl aryl/alkylamides to give a diversity of 1-naphthylamines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The gram-scale synthesis, with benefits such as undiminished product yield and easy transformation, illustrated the practicality of this method.
- Zuo, Youpeng,He, Xinwei,Tang, Qiang,Hu, Wangcheng,Zhou, Tongtong,Shang, Yongjia
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supporting information
p. 3890 - 3894
(2020/05/18)
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- Compound with crab meat fragrance and preparation method, application and food additive thereof
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The invention relates to a compound with crab meat fragrance and a preparation method, application and a food additive thereof. The structural formula of the compound with crab meat fragrance is shownin the specification. The compound with crab meat fragr
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Paragraph 0051-0055; 0066-0069; 0072-0075; 0086-0090
(2020/06/20)
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- Base-promoted Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis of quinazoline derivatives
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A one-pot protocol has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinones from amide-oxazolines with TsCl via a cyclic 1,3-azaoxonium intermediate and 6π electron cyclization in the presence of a Lewis acid and base. The process is operationally simple and has a broad substrate scope. This method provides a unique strategy for the construction of quinazolinones.
- Cui, Xin-Feng,Hu, Fang-Peng,Huang, Guo-Sheng,Lu, Guo-Qiang
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supporting information
p. 4376 - 4380
(2020/10/20)
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- Novel panaxadiol triazole derivatives induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway
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In this study, we introduced 1, 2, 4-triazole groups into panaxadiol (PD) to obtain 18 panaxadiol triazole derivatives. Five cancer cells and one normal cell were evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The results showed that most of the derivatives could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and the anti-proliferative activity of compound A1 was the most significant. For HepG-2 cells, the IC50 value was 4.21 ± 0.54 μM, which was nearly 15 times higher than the activity of PD. Further studies showed that compound A1 could induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells, and could enhance the expression of Cl-caspase-3, Cl-caspase-9 and Cl-PARP. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that after treating HepG-2 cells with compound A1, the expression of p53 protein was increased and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was gradually increased. The cytoplasmic Bax is then translocated to the mitochondria, causing the release of Cyt c protein. Therefore, the results indicate that compound A1 induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and can be used the potential to develop new anti-proliferative agents.
- Xiao, Shengnan,Wang, Xude,Xu, Lei,Li, Tao,Cao, Jiaqing,Zhao, Yuqing
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative C?H Olefination of Benzamides
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Metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted C?H olefinations have emerged as powerful tools for the construction of functionalized alkenes. Herein, we describe the rhoda-electrocatalyzed C?H activation/alkenylation of arenes. The olefinations of challenging electron-poor benzamides were thus accomplished in a fully dehydrogenative fashion under electrochemical conditions, avoiding stoichiometric chemical oxidants, and with H2 as the only byproduct. This versatile alkenylation reaction also features broad substrate scope and used electricity as a green oxidant.
- Ackermann, Lutz,Struwe, Julia,Zhang, Yan
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supporting information
p. 15076 - 15080
(2020/06/20)
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- An α-Cyclopropanation of Carbonyl Derivatives by Oxidative Umpolung
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The reactivity of iodine(III) reagents towards nucleophiles is often associated with umpolung and cationic mechanisms. Herein, we report a general process converting a range of ketone derivatives into α-cyclopropanated ketones by oxidative umpolung. Mechanistic investigation and careful characterization of side products revealed that the reaction follows an unexpected pathway and suggests the intermediacy of non-classical carbocations.
- Bauer, Adriano,Di Mauro, Giovanni,Li, Jing,Maulide, Nuno
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supporting information
p. 18208 - 18212
(2020/08/21)
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- Dammarane sapogenin derivative and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to a dammarane sapogenin derivative and a preparation method and application thereof. A series of dammarane sapogenin derivativesare obtained by combining dammarane sapogenins from plants with different groups. Anticancer activity evaluation and anticancer activity mechanism research are carried out on the derivative, and results show that the prepared dammarane sapogenin derivative has a remarkable anticancer effect, has no toxic effect on normal cells and can be used for preparing drugs for treating cancers.
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Paragraph 0069; 0131-0133
(2020/10/04)
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- Industrial production method of 3, 5-Dimethylbenzoyl chloride
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The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemical industry, which particularly relates to an industrial production method of 3, 5-Dimethylbenzoyl chloride. The production method of 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride comprises the following steps: (
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Paragraph 0022-0041
(2019/01/23)
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- Synthetic method of 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride
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The invention relates to a synthetic method of 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride. The synthetic method comprises following steps: 3, 5-dimethyl benzoic acid and thionyl chloride are mixed and stirred, andreaction is carried out, wherein thermal insulation rea
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Paragraph 0017-0035
(2019/07/04)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3–(4-aminophenyl)-coumarin derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents
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The work is focused on the design of drugs that prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its complications. A series of 3–(4-aminophenyl)-coumarin derivatives designed, synthesised, fully characterised and evaluated in vitro/vivo. The biological assay experiments showed that some compounds displayed a clearly selective inhibition for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Among all compounds, compound 4m exhibited the highest AChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.091 ± 0.011 μM and compound 4k exhibited the highest BuChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.559 ± 0.017 μM. A zebrafish behaviour analyser (Zebrobox) was used to determine the behavioural effects of the active compound on the movement distance of the aluminium chloride-induced zebrafish. Compound 4m offered a potential drug design concept for the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for AD and its complications.
- Hu, Yu-Heng,Yang, Jie,Zhang, Yun,Liu, Ke-Chun,Liu, Teng,Sun, Jie,Wang, Xiao-Jing
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p. 1083 - 1092
(2019/06/06)
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- Methoxyfenozide synthesis process
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The invention relates to a methoxyfenozide synthesis process, which comprises: 1) adding 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (toluene) into a reaction container, adding thionyl chloride in a dropwise manner, carrying out a heat insulation reaction for 2.5-3.5 h, and removing a solvent under reduced pressure to obtain an intermediate 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride; 2) adding tert-butylhydrazine, an alkaline solution and toluene into a reaction container, cooling, adding di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, separating the water to remove the layer, adding the 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride and an alkaline aqueous solution into the organic layer, adding hydrochloric acid into the reaction mixture, and carrying out a reaction for 18-25 h at a temperature of 30-40 DEG C to obtain N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-N-tert-butylhydrazine; and 3) adding the N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-N-tert-butylhydrazine and dichloroethane into the reaction container, adding a dichloroethane solution of 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl chloride in a dropwise manner, slowly heating to a temperature of 18-25 DEG C, and filtering to obtain a filter cake so as to obtain the methoxyfenozide bulk drug. According to the invention, through the optimizing, the high-yield high-quality methoxyfenozide raw material is synthesized, and the synthesis ratio and the mild process conditions are obtained, so that the content and the synthesis yield of the methoxyfenozide bulk drug product are greatly improved; and the obtained methoxyfenozide has characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and environmental protection, can meet the insecticidal requirements of various types of pests, and has excellent market application prospect.
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Paragraph 0011-0014
(2020/01/12)
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- Functional Group Transposition: A Palladium-Catalyzed Metathesis of Ar-X σ-Bonds and Acid Chloride Synthesis
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We describe the development of a new method to use palladium catalysis to form functionalized aromatics: via the metathesis of covalent σ-bonds between Ar-X fragments. This transformation demonstrates the dynamic nature of palladium-based oxidative addition/reductive elimination and offers a straightforward approach to incorporate reactive functional groups into aryl halides through exchange reactions. The reaction has been exploited to assemble acid chlorides without the use of high energy halogenating or toxic reagents and, instead, via the metathesis of aryl iodides with other acid chlorides.
- De La Higuera Macias, Maximiliano,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
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supporting information
p. 10140 - 10144
(2018/08/23)
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- Preparation method of methoxyfenozide
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The invention discloses a preparation method of methoxyfenozide and relates to the field of insecticide, and particularly relates to the preparation method of methoxyfenozide. The preparation method includes steps of preparation of 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride: adding 3, 5-mesitylenic acid and methylbenzene in a reaction bottle; raising temperature to 60 DEG C, and dropwise adding thionyl chloride within 2 hours; preserving temperature for 3 hours, depressurizing and removing solvent to obtain 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride; synthesis of midbody: adding tert-butylhydrazine, sodium hydroxide and methylbenzene in the reaction bottle, and cooling to 0 DEG C; adding di-tert-butyl dicarbonate ester and reacting for 10 hours at 0-5 DEG C; removing a water layer, adding 3, 5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride and sodium hydroxide solution in an organic layer; reacting for 4 hours at 0-5 DEG C, filtering a product and adding the filter cake in methanol; adding hydrochloric acid in the reaction mixture;reacting for 20 hours at 35 DEG C; filtering the product, washing and drying to obtain the midbody. The preparation method is simple in operation, safe and reliable in reaction; the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced; moreover, the product is high-efficient, low-toxic and environment-friendly.
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Paragraph 0010
(2018/07/30)
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- MULTICYCLIC PEPTIDES AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION
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The invention relates to methods for preparing a compound comprising a peptide attached to a molecular scaffold whereby multiple peptide loops are formed, to compounds that can be obtained with such methods and uses thereof.
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Page/Page column 62; 80
(2018/06/30)
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- Controlled photo-flow oxidative reaction (UV-FOR) platform for ultra-fast phthalide and API synthesis
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An integrated photo-flow oxidative reaction (UV-FOR) platform approach is presented for the synthesis of phthalides. The current protocol is catalyst-free, and uses economical and abundant hydro-carbons and hydrocarbon derivatives such as benzoic acid, benzene, and xylene, as starting materials. The reaction is performed using oxygen as a green oxidant in a time- and labour-efficient manner. This integrated approach has been shown to be successful in making a UV-FOR platform suitable for the on-demand synthesis of phthalides and their further syntheses to 2-arylmethylbenzoic acids and arylogous Michael addition products under relatively mild conditions. The current protocol was further extended to the gram scale synthesis of an ischemic stroke-relevant active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), 3-N-butylphthalide (NBP), in a continuous flow process.
- Aand, Dnyaneshwar,Karekar, Sanjeev,Mahajan, Bhushan,Pawar, Amit B.,Singh, Ajay K.
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supporting information
p. 4584 - 4590
(2018/10/23)
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- Amide Effects in C?H Activation: Noncovalent Interactions with L-Shaped Ligand for meta Borylation of Aromatic Amides
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A new concept for the meta-selective borylation of aromatic amides is described. It has been demonstrated that while esters gave para borylations, amides lead to meta borylations. For achieving high meta selectivity, an L-shaped bifunctional ligand has been employed and engages in an O???K noncovalent interaction with the oxygen atom of the moderately distorted amide carbonyl group. This interaction provides exceptional control for meta C?H activation/borylation.
- Bisht, Ranjana,Hoque, Md Emdadul,Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb
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supporting information
p. 15762 - 15766
(2018/11/10)
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- Lanthanoid complexes supported by retro-Claisen condensation products of β-triketonates
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β-Triketonates have been recently used as chelating ligands for lanthanoid ions, presenting unique structures varying from polynuclear assemblies to polymers. In an effort to overcome low solubility of the complexes of tribenzoylmethane, four β-triketones with higher lipophilicity were synthesised. Complexation reactions were performed for each of these molecules using different alkaline bases in alcoholic media. X-ray diffraction studies suggested that the ligands were undergoing decomposition under the reaction conditions. This is proposed to be caused by in situ retro-Claisen condensation reactions, consistent with two examples that have been reported previously. The lability of the lanthanoid cations in the presence of a varying set of potential ligands gave rise to structures where one, two, or three of the molecules involved in the retro-Claisen condensation reaction were linked to the lanthanoid centres. These results, along with measurements of ligand decomposition in the presence of base alone, suggest the solvent used will modulate the impact of the retro-Claisen condensation in these complexes.
- Abad Galán, Laura,Sobolev, Alexandre N.,Zysman-Colman, Eli,Ogden, Mark I.,Massi, Massimiliano
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p. 17469 - 17478
(2019/01/03)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of aminobenzyloxyarylamide derivatives as selective κ opioid receptor antagonists
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Opioid receptors play an important role in both behavioral and mood functions. Based on the structural modification of LY2456302, a series of aminobenzyloxyarylamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as κ opioid receptor antagonists. The κ opioid receptor binding ability of these compounds were evaluated with opioid receptors binding assays. Compounds 1a-d showed high affinity for κ opioid receptor. Especially for compound 1c, exhibited a significant Kivalue of 15.7?nM for κ opioid receptor binding and a higher selectivity over μ and δ opioid receptors compared to (±)LY2456302. In addition, compound 1c also showed potent κ antagonist activity with κ IC50?=?9.32?nM in [35S]GTP-γ-S functional assay. The potential use of the representative compounds as antidepressants was also investigated. The most potent compound 1c not only exhibited potent antidepressant activity in the mice forced swimming test, but also displayed the effect of anti-anxiety in the elevated plus-maze test.
- Wang, Junwei,Song, Qiao,Xu, Anhua,Bao, Yu,Xu, Yungen,Zhu, Qihua
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- Iron-Catalyzed C?H Alkynylation through Triazole Assistance: Expedient Access to Bioactive Heterocycles
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Triazole assistance enabled the first iron-catalyzed C?H alkynylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes. The modular TAM directing group set the stage for a sequential C?H alkynylation/annulation strategy with ample scope, enabling the iron-catalyzed assembly of isoquinolones, pyridones, pyrrolones, and isoindolinones with high levels of chemo-, site-, and regioselectivity.
- Cera, Gianpiero,Haven, Tobias,Ackermann, Lutz
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supporting information
p. 3577 - 3582
(2017/03/20)
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- Structure-activity relationship study and optimisation of 2-aminopyrrole-1-benzyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile as a broad spectrum metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor
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A SAR study on derivatives of 2-amino-1-benzyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile 5a revealed that the 3-carbonitrile group, vicinal 4,5-diphenyl and N-benzyl side chains of the pyrrole are important for the inhibitory potencies of these compounds against members representing the three main subclasses of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), i.e. IMP-1 (representing the B1 subgroup), CphA (B2) and AIM-1 (B3). Coupling of 5a with a series of acyl chlorides and anhydrides led to the discovery of two N-acylamide derivatives, 10 and 11, as the two most potent IMP-1 inhibitors in this series. However, these compounds are less effective towards CphA and AIM-1. The N-benzoyl derivative of 5a retained potent in vitro activity against each of MBLs tested (with inhibition constants in the low μM range). Importantly, this compound also significantly enhanced the sensitivity of IMP-1, CphA- or AIM-1-producing cell cultures towards meropenem. This compound presents a promising starting point for the development of a universal MBL inhibitor, targeting members of each of the major subgroups of this family of enzymes.
- McGeary, Ross P.,Tan, Daniel T.C.,Selleck, Christopher,Monteiro Pedroso, Marcelo,Sidjabat, Hanna E.,Schenk, Gerhard
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p. 351 - 364
(2017/06/19)
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- Method for preparing 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride by staged reaction
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The invention belongs to the field of fine chemical industry and relates to a method for preparing 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride by a staged reaction. The method for preparing the 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride by the staged reaction, disclosed by the invent
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Paragraph 0012; 0018-0019
(2017/03/25)
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- RhIII-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Amides and Domino Cycling Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones with N-Bromosuccinimide
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A RhIII-catalyzed C-H allylation of electron-deficient arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes at room temperature was developed with allyl bromide. The reaction was carried out in diethyl ether without dehydration, and C-H activation was assisted by the directing anionic nitrogen of the aniline-derived amide. Following the allylation, a domino cycling synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) through intramolecular aminobromination of the introduced double bond was achieved. A C-H allylation of amides with allyl halides at room temperature and a tandem synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) are reported.
- Dai, Huimin,Yu, Chao,Lu, Changsheng,Yan, Hong
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supporting information
p. 1255 - 1259
(2016/03/16)
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- Application of the Huisgen cycloaddition and ‘click’ reaction toward various 1,2,3-triazoles as HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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The development of novel anti-HIV agents remains an important medicinal chemistry challenge given that no cure for the disease is imminent, and the continued use of current NNRTIs inevitably leads to problems associated with resistance. Inspired by the pyrazole-containing NNRTI lersivirine (LSV), we embarked upon a study to establish whether 1,2,3-triazole heterocycles could be used as a new scaffold for the creation of novel NNRTIs. An especially attractive feature of triazoles used for this purpose is the versatility in accessing variously functionalised systems using either the thermally regulated Huisgen cycloaddition, or the related ‘click’ reaction. Employing three alternative forms of these reactions, we were able to synthesise a range of triazole compounds and evaluate their efficacy in a phenotypic HIV assay. To our astonishment, even compounds closely mimicking LSV were only moderately effective against HIV.
- Pribut, Nicole,Veale, Clinton G.L.,Basson, Adriaan E.,van Otterlo, Willem A.L.,Pelly, Stephen C.
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supporting information
p. 3700 - 3704
(2016/07/21)
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- Synthesis, structure and biological activities of novel triazole compounds containing Ester Group
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Novel triazole compounds containing ester group were synthesized. Their structure were confirmed by means of IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The single crystal structure of compound (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propanoate (compound 3c) was determined via X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in a monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, a = 1.0814(2) nm, b = 0.64514(13) nm, c = 1.8698(4) nm, β = 101.05(3)°, Z = 4, V = 1.2802(5) nm3, Dc = 1.557 Mg/m3, μ = 0.508 mm-1, F(000) = 616 and final R1 = 0.0700. Intermolecular hydrogen-bond and φ-φ stacking interactions exit in the lattice, facilitating the stabilization of crystal structure. The results of the biological test show that these compounds have some fungicidal activity.
- Yang, Shuang-Hua,Zhai, Zhi-Wei,Zhang, Shao-Wen
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p. 883 - 886
(2014/06/09)
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- Isosteric analogs of lenalidomide and pomalidomide: Synthesis and biological activity
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A series of analogs of the immunomodulary drugs lenalidomide (1) and pomalidomide (2), in which the amino group is replaced with various isosteres, was prepared and assayed for immunomodulatory activity and activity against cancer cell lines. The 4-methyl and 4-chloro analogs 4 and 15, respectively, displayed potent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated hPBMC, potent stimulation of IL-2 in a human T cell co-stimulation assay, and anti-proliferative activity against the Namalwa lymphoma cell line. Both of these analogs displayed oral bioavailability in rat.
- Ruchelman, Alexander L.,Man, Hon-Wah,Zhang, Weihong,Chen, Roger,Capone, Lori,Kang, Jian,Parton, Anastasia,Corral, Laura,Schafer, Peter H.,Babusis, Darius,Moghaddam, Mehran F.,Tang, Yang,Shirley, Michael A.,Muller, George W.
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p. 360 - 365
(2013/02/23)
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- First asymmetric synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]metacyclophanes
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A general three step asymmetric synthesis of planar chiral [2.2]metacyclophanes utilizing selective benzylic and aryl metalations is described. The final enantioselective step is achieved using a (-)-sparteine mediated aryl metalation, following which ele
- Blangetti, Marco,Mueller-Bunz, Helge,O'Shea, Donal F.
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supporting information
p. 6125 - 6127
(2013/07/26)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of effective inhibitors of plant δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
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Analogues of previously studied phenyl-substituted aminomethylene- bisphosphonic acids were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of Arabidopsis thaliana δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. With the aim of improving their effectiveness, two main modifications were introduced into the inhibitory scaffold: the aminomethylenebisphosphonic moiety was replaced with a hydroxymethylenebisphosphonic group, and the length of the molecule was increased by replacing the methylene linker with an ethylidene chain. In addition, chlorine atoms in the phenyl ring were replaced with various other substituents. Most of the studied derivatives showed activity in the micromolar to millimolar range, with two of them being more effective than the lead compound, with concentrations inhibiting 50% of enzyme activity as low as 50 μM. Experimental evidence supporting the ability of these inhibitors to interfere with proline synthesis in vivo is also shown.
- Forlani, Giuseppe,Berlicki, Lukasz,Duo, Mattia,Dziedziola, Gabriela,Giberti, Samuele,Bertazzini, Michele,Kafarski, Pawel
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p. 6792 - 6798
(2013/08/23)
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- Supramolecular arrangement of 3,5-bis[methylene (dihydroxyphosphoryl)] benzoic acid and its complex with calcium
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3,5-Bis[methylene(dihydroxyphosphoryl)]benzoic acid and its complex with calcium in the crystalline form were obtained. The 3,5- bis[methylene(dihydroxyphosphoryl)]benzoic acid crystallises as acetone monosolvate (1a) while its calcium complex as methanol
- Przyby?, Bartosz,Zoń, Jerzy,Janczak, Jan
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p. 172 - 178
(2013/10/22)
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- Structure-activity evaluation of new uracil-based non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase
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A new series of potential nonnucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) based on the carbocyclic 5′-nor-uracil scaffold were designed and synthesized. Three different aspects of the scaffold were investigated: the effects of adding a linker between the carbocyclic and phenyl fragments, introduction of different substituents on the benzoyl residue and replacing the central carbocyclic ring with a benzyl group. Analogues of 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydro-5′-nor-uridine, bearing 3,5-dichloro- or 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl groups, showed inhibitory activity against HIV-RT wild-type (IC50 5-10 μM) and mutants L100I (IC 50 1.2-2.1 μM) and K103N (IC50 8-17 μM).
- Matyugina, Elena S.,Valuev-Elliston, Vladimir T.,Geisman, Alexander N.,Novikov, Mikhail S.,Chizhov, Alexander O.,Kochetkov, Sergey N.,Seley-Radtke, Katherine L.,Khandazhinskaya, Anastasia L.
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p. 1443 - 1451
(2013/11/19)
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- Metal-free aryltrifluoromethylation of activated alkenes
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Metal-free: The first metal-free aryltrifluoromethylation of activated alkenes has been developed. With this method, trifluoromethylated isoquinolinediones, spirobicycles, oxindoles, and α-aryl-β- trifluoromethylamides were obtained with high control of the regioselectivity. Copyright
- Kong, Wangqing,Casimiro, Maria,Fuentes, Noelia,Merino, Estibaliz,Nevado, Cristina
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supporting information
p. 13086 - 13090
(2014/01/06)
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- Mild rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation and intermolecular annulation with allenes
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All(enes) great! A novel RhIII-catalyzed oxidative coupling with allenes under mild conditions provides heterocycles with exocyclic double bonds. This reaction features low catalyst loadings, high regio- and stereoselectivity, and excellent substrate scope. The products were derivatized and preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted. Copyright
- Wang, Honggen,Glorius, Frank
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7318 - 7322
(2012/09/08)
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- The comparison in enantioseparation ability of the chiral stationary phases with single and mixed selector-The selectors derived from two D -tartrates
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(2S,3S)-2,3-Bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbonyloxy)-3-(benzyloxycarbonyl) -propanoic acid and (2S,3S)-2,3-bis(1-naphthalenecarbonyloxy)-3- (benzyloxycarbonyl)-propanoic acid were synthesized from D-tartaric acid. These two compounds were chlorinated to afford
- Chen, Jun,Li, Mu-Zi,Xiao, Yan-Hua,Chen, Wei,Li, Shi-Rong,Bai, Zheng-Wu
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experimental part
p. 228 - 236
(2012/04/04)
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- Separating agent for enantiomeric isomers
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The present invention provides a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers exhibiting high separation power. That is, the present invention provides a separating agent for enantiomeric isomers including, as an active ingredient, a polysaccharide derivative having at least part of hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups of a polysaccharide such as cellulose or amylose substituted by at least one of atomic groups represented by the following general formulae (I) and (II): (in the formulae, R represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, or a linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic group).
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Page/Page column 6
(2010/04/23)
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- Catalyst-free syntheses of [2]rotaxanes utilizing a pentacoordinated hydrosilane as an end-capping agent
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A pentacoordinated hydrosilane activated by an intramolecular nitrogen-silicon dative bond was utilized as an end-capping agent for catalyst-free syntheses of [2]rotaxanes. The end-capping reaction of a pseudo[2]rotaxane bearing a salicylic acid terminus
- Domoto, Yuya,Fukushima, Akihiro,Kasuga, Yousuke,Sase, Shohei,Goto, Kei,Kawashima, Takayuki
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2586 - 2589
(2010/08/04)
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- NOVEL HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
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The invention is related to compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, and/ or phosphonate thereof, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds.
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Page/Page column 348
(2009/03/07)
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- Toward optimization of the second aryl substructure common to transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors using biochemical and structural studies
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Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidogenesis inhibitors are typically composed of two aromatic rings and a linker. We have previously established optimal structures for one aromatic ring and the linker. Herein, we employ a suboptimal linker and an optimal aryl-X substructure to rank order the desirability of aryl-Z substructures-using a library of 56 N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) benzamides. Coconsideration of amyloid inhibition potency and ex vivo plasma TTR binding selectivity data reveal that 2,6, 2,5, 2, 3,4,5, and 3,5 substituted aryls bearing small substituents generate the most potent and selective inhibitors, in descending order. These benzamides generally lack undesirable thyroid hormone receptor binding and COX-1 inhibition activity. Three high-resolution TTR ? inhibitor crystal structures (1.31-1.35 ?) provide insight into why these inhibitors are potent and selective, enabling future structure-based design of TTR kinetic stabilizers.
- Johnson, Steven M.,Connelly, Stephen,Wilson, Ian A.,Kelly, Jeffery W.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1115 - 1125
(2009/12/24)
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- NOVEL GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
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Compounds are provided which are phosphonate and phosphinate activators and thus are useful in treating diabetes and related diseases and have the structure wherein is a heteroaryl ring; R4 is —(CH2)n-Z-(CH2)m—PO(OR7)(OR8), —(CH2)nZ-(CH2)m—PO(OR7)Rg, —(CH2)n-Z-(CH2)m—OPO(OR7)Rg, —(CH2)nZ—(CH2)m—OPO(R9)(R10), or —(CH2)nZ—(CH2)m—PO(R9)(R10);R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, alkyl and halogen;Y is R7(CH2)s or is absent; andX, n, Z, m, R4, R5, R6, R7, and s are as defined herein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method for treating diabetes and related diseases employing the above compounds is also provided.
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Page/Page column 49-50
(2008/06/13)
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- Novel HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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The invention is related to compounds of Formula (I), (II), or (III): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, and/or phosphonate thereof, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds.
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Page/Page column 118-119
(2008/06/13)
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- Sequential O- and N-acylation protocol for high-yield preparation and modification of rotaxanes: Synthesis, functionalization, structure, and intercomponent interaction of rotaxanes
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A pseudorotaxane consisting of a 24-membered crown ether and secondary ammonium salt with the hydroxy group at the terminus was quantitatively acylated by bulky acid anhydride in the presence of tributylphosphane as catalyst to afford the corresponding rotaxane in high yield. Large-scale synthesis without chromatographic separation was easily achieved. The ammonium group in the resulting rotaxane was quantitatively acylated with excess electrophile in the presence of excess trialkylamine. Various N-functionalized rotaxanes were prepared by this sequential double-acylation protocol. 1H NMR spectra and X-ray crystallographic analyses of the rotaxanes showed that the crown ether component was captured on the ammonium group in ammonium-type rotaxane by strong hydrogen-bonding intercomponent interaction. The conformation around the ammonium group was fixed by the hydrogen-bonding interaction. Meanwhile, the conformation of the amide-type rotaxane was determined by the weak CH/π interaction between the methylene group in crown ether and the benzene ring of the axle component. The N-acylation of ammonium-type rotaxane is useful for the preparation of both functionalized rotaxanes and weak intercomponent interaction-based rotaxanes.
- Tachibana, Yuya,Kawasaki, Hiroaki,Kihara, Nobuhiro,Takata, Toshikazu
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p. 5093 - 5104
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-activity relationship studies of novel benzophenones leading to the discovery of a potent, next generation HIV nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Despite the progress of the past two decades, there is still considerable need for safe, efficacious drugs that target human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is particularly true for the growing number of patients infected with virus resistant to currently approved HIV drugs. Our high throughput screening effort identified a benzophenone template as a potential nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). This manuscript describes our extensive exploration of the benzophenone structure-activity relationships, which culminated in the identification of several compounds with very potent inhibition of both wild type and clinically relevant NNRTI-resistant mutant strains of HIV. These potent inhibitors include 70h (GW678248), which has in vitro antiviral assay IC50 values of 0.5 nM against wild-type HIV, 1 nM against the K103N mutant associated with clinical resistance to efavirenz, and 0.7 nM against the Y181C mutant associated with clinical resistance to nevirapine. Compound 70h has also demonstrated relatively low clearance in intravenous pharmacokinetic studies in three species, and it is the active component of a drug candidate which has progressed to phase 2 clinical studies.
- Romines, Karen R.,Freeman, George A.,Schaller, Lee T.,Cowan, Jill R.,Gonzales, Steve S.,Tidwell, Jeffrey H.,Andrews III, Clarence W.,Stammers, David K.,Hazen, Richard J.,Ferris, Robert G.,Short, Steven A.,Chan, Joseph H.,Boone, Lawrence R.
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p. 727 - 739
(2007/10/03)
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- HIGH-PURITY (FLUOROALKYL)BENZENE DERIVATIVE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
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The process for producing a (fluoroalkyl)benzene derivative according to the present invention comprises a step of reducing the total content of group 3 to group 12 transition metals in an alkylbenzene derivative to 500 ppm or less in terms of metal atoms; a step of halogenating the branched alkyl group of the purified alkylbenzene derivative by a photohalogenation to obtain a (haloalkyl)benzene derivative; and a step of subjecting the (haloalkyl)benzene derivative to a halogen-fluorine exchange using HF in an amount of 10 mol or higher per one mole of the (haloalkyl)benzene derivative. The (fluoroalkyl)benzene derivative produced by the process is reduced in the content of impurities such as residual halogens and residual metals, and is useful as intermediates for functional chemical products for use in applications such as medicines and electronic materials.
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