Systems and methods of making lactobionic acid are described. The systems include two-compartment cation bipolar electrodialysis assemblies having at least one cell that includes a cation ion-exchange membrane and a bipolar membrane. The membranes define the borders of a pair of flow channels for a separate (i) caustic stream and (i) purified lactobionic acid stream. Lactobionate ions in the lactobionic acid stream do not cross a membrane in the electrodialysis assembly, which reduces membrane fouling. The methods include passing a lactobionate salt through a two-compartment cation bipolar electrodialysis assembly. The electrodialysis assembly includes at least one two-compartment cation bipolar membrane cell, and separates the lactobionate salt into a caustic compound and the lactobionic acid. The assembly is designed so the lactobionate ions do not cross an ion exchange membrane in the assembly to form the lactobionic acid, which reduces membrane fouling.
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Paragraph 0076; 0077
(2020/08/19)
CATALYTIC DEHYDROGENATION OF REDUCING SUGARS IN ALKALINE SOLUTION
Aldoses in alkaline medium under the catalytic action of platinum of rhodium are converted into aldonic acids with high selectivity and with concomitant evolution of hydrogen gas.The dehydrogenation reaction has been studied for 25 different mono- and di-saccharides, and is generally applicable for reducing sugars.The influence of several reaction variables has been studied, leading to an adsorption model in which both the negatively charged O-1 and the close contact of H-1 with the catalyst surface are considered to be driving forces for the transfer of hydride from C-1 of the sugar to the catalyst.
Wit, Gert de,Vlieger, Jan J. de,Dalen, Alida C. Kock-van,Heus, Roelf,Laroy, Rob,et al.
p. 125 - 138
(2007/10/02)
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