- Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Arylation of 7-Azaindoles: Aggregate-Induced Emission of Tetra-Aryl 7-Azaindoles
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Pd-catalyzed synthesis of multi-aryl 7-azaindoles using sequential arylation of 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b] pyridine is established. Four diverse aryl groups are installed in a chemo-selective fashion providing a general method to synthesize sterically encumbered compounds and extended 7-azaindoles in 48-95% yields. Three-selective sequential arylations at C-3, C-5, and C-6 via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling followed by direct C-2 arylation using a Pd catalyst and AgOTf as an additive are highlights of the present work. Interestingly, the tetra-aryl 7-azaindoles showed aggregate-induced emission (AIE) making it potentially useful as fluorophores in OLEDs, sensors, and bio-imaging tools.
- Cardoza, Savio,Das, Parthasarathi,Tandon, Vibha
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Read Online
- Strategic Design of Catalytic Lysine-Targeting Reversible Covalent BCR-ABL Inhibitors**
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Targeted covalent inhibitors have re-emerged as validated drugs to overcome acquired resistance in cancer treatment. Herein, by using a carbonyl boronic acid (CBA) warhead, we report the structure-based design of BCR-ABL inhibitors via reversible covalent targeting of the catalytic lysine with improved potency against both wild-type and mutant ABL kinases, especially ABLT315I bearing the gatekeeper residue mutation. We show the evolutionarily conserved lysine can be targeted selectively, and the selectivity depends largely on molecular recognition of the non-covalent pharmacophore in this class of inhibitors, probably due to the moderate reactivity of the warhead. We report the first co-crystal structures of covalent inhibitor-ABL kinase domain complexes, providing insights into the interaction of this warhead with the catalytic lysine. We also employed label-free mass spectrometry to evaluate off-targets of our compounds at proteome-wide level in different mammalian cells.
- Anantharajan, Jothi,Baburajendran, Nithya,Foo, Klement,Joy, Joma K.,Keller, Thomas H.,Kwek, Perlyn Z.,Li, Rong,Liu, Boping,Poulsen, Anders,Quach, David,Retna, Priya,Tang, Guanghui,Tee, Doris H. Y.,Wee, John L. K.,Yang, Wan-Qi,Yao, Shao Q.,Zhang, Chong-Jing
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supporting information
p. 17131 - 17137
(2021/06/28)
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- Discovery of a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine compounds as potent TNIK inhibitors
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In an in-house screening, 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold was found to have high inhibition on TNIK. Several series of compounds were designed and synthesized, among which some compounds had potent TNIK inhibition with IC50 values lower than 1 nM. Some compounds showed concentration-dependent characteristics of IL-2 inhibition. These results provided new applications of TNIK inhibitors and new prospects of TNIK as a drug target.
- Yang, Bowen,Wu, Qian,Huan, Xiajuan,Wang, Yingqing,Sun, Yin,Yang, Yueyue,Liu, Tongchao,Wang, Xin,Chen, Lin,Xiong, Bing,Zhao, Dongmei,Miao, Zehong,Chen, Danqi
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supporting information
(2020/12/28)
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- Lead Optimization of 3,5-Disubstituted-7-Azaindoles for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis
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Neglected tropical diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are prevalent primarily in tropical climates and among populations living in poverty. Historically, the lack of economic incentive to develop new treatments for these diseases has meant that existing therapeutics have serious shortcomings in terms of safety, efficacy, and administration, and better therapeutics are needed. We now report a series of 3,5-disubstituted-7-azaindoles identified as growth inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite that causes HAT, through a high-throughput screen. We describe the hit-to-lead optimization of this series and the development and preclinical investigation of 29d, a potent antitrypanosomal compound with promising pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. This compound was ultimately not progressed beyond in vivo PK studies due to its inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), critical for stage 2 HAT treatments.
- Klug, Dana M.,Mavrogiannaki, Eftychia M.,Forbes, Katherine C.,Silva, Lisseth,Diaz-Gonzalez, Rosario,Pérez-Moreno, Guiomar,Ceballos-Pérez, Gloria,Garcia-Hernández, Raquel,Bosch-Navarrete, Cristina,Cordón-Obras, Carlos,Gómez-Li?án, Claudia,Saura, Andreu,Momper, Jeremiah D.,Martinez-Martinez, Maria Santos,Manzano, Pilar,Syed, Ali,El-Sakkary, Nelly,Caffrey, Conor R.,Gamarro, Francisco,Ruiz-Perez, Luis Miguel,Gonzalez Pacanowska, Dolores,Ferrins, Lori,Navarro, Miguel,Pollastri, Michael P.
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p. 9404 - 9430
(2021/07/25)
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- PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDINES AS HPK1 INHIBITOR AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof. Also disclosed is a method of treating HPK1 related disorders or diseases by using the compound disclosed herein.
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Page/Page column 29
(2020/06/10)
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- Cu(II)-catalyzed sulfonylation of 7-azaindoles using DABSO as SO2-Source and its mechanistic study
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DABSO mediated sulfonylation of iodinated 7-azaindoles was achieved for the first time through sulfonylative Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling (SMC) reaction under mild conditions giving good yields of sulfonylated 7-azaindole derivatives. Interestingly, control experiments suggest that present method involves in-situ generation of ArSO2 free radical followed by the key steps of SMC reaction. Scope of the reaction was explored with both electronically different and bulky group carrying boronic acids as coupling partner. The sulfonylation is scalable and occurred selectively at iodo group, irrespective of its position on azaindole. Moreover, the proposed mechanism has been supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
- Urvashi,Dar, Mohammad Ovais,Bharatam, Prasad V.,Das, Parthasarathi,Kukreti, Shrikant,Tandon, Vibha
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- Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3,5-Disubstituted-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridines as Inhibitors of Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 with Antiviral Activity
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There are currently no approved drugs for the treatment of emerging viral infections, such as dengue and Ebola. Adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) is a cellular serine-threonine protein kinase that functions as a key regulator of the clathrin-associated host adaptor proteins and regulates the intracellular trafficking of multiple unrelated RNA viruses. Moreover, AAK1 is overexpressed specifically in dengue virus-infected but not bystander cells. Because AAK1 is a promising antiviral drug target, we have embarked on an optimization campaign of a previously identified 7-azaindole analogue, yielding novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines with high AAK1 affinity. The optimized compounds demonstrate improved activity against dengue virus both in vitro and in human primary dendritic cells and the unrelated Ebola virus. These findings demonstrate that targeting cellular AAK1 may represent a promising broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.
- Verdonck, Sven,Pu, Szu-Yuan,Sorrell, Fiona J.,Elkins, Jon M.,Froeyen, Mathy,Gao, Ling-Jie,Prugar, Laura I.,Dorosky, Danielle E.,Brannan, Jennifer M.,Barouch-Bentov, Rina,Knapp, Stefan,Dye, John M.,Herdewijn, Piet,Einav, Shirit,De Jonghe, Steven
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p. 5810 - 5831
(2019/07/04)
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- Halogen Bond-Assisted Electron-Catalyzed Atom Economic Iodination of Heteroarenes at Room Temperature
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A halogen bond-assisted electron-catalyzed iodination of heteroarenes has been developed for the first time under atom economic condition at room temperature. The iodination is successful with just 0.55 equiv of iodine and 0.50 equiv of peroxide. The kinetic study indicates that the reaction is elusive in the absence of a halogen bond between the substrate and iodine. The formation of a halogen bond, its importance in lowering the activation barrier for this reaction, the presence of radical intermediates in a reaction mixture, and the regioselectivity of the reaction have been demonstrated with several control experiments, spectroscopic analysis, and quantum chemical calculations. Allowing the formation of the halogen bond may offer a new strategy to generate the reactive radical intermediates and to enable the otherwise elusive electron-catalyzed reactions under mild reaction conditions.
- Kazi, Imran,Guha, Somraj,Sekar, Govindasamy
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p. 6642 - 6654
(2019/06/14)
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- Regioselective Halogenation of Arenes and Heterocycles in Hexafluoroisopropanol
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Regioselective halogenation of arenes and heterocycles with N-halosuccinimides in fluorinated alcohols is disclosed. Under mild condition reactions, a wide diversity of halogenated arenes are obtained in good yields with high regioselectivity. Additionally, the versatility of the method is demonstrated by the development of one-pot sequential halogenation and halogenation-Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.
- Tang, Ren-Jin,Milcent, Thierry,Crousse, Benoit
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p. 930 - 938
(2018/01/28)
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- AZAINDOLES AS INHIBITORS OF HPK1
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Azaindole compounds and their use as inhibitors of HPK1 are described. The compounds are useful in treating HPK1-dependent disorders and enhancing an immune response. Also described are methods of inhibiting HPK1, methods of treating HPK1- dependent disorders, methods for enhancing an immune response, and methods for preparing the azaindole compounds.
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Paragraph 0183
(2018/10/19)
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- PYRROLOPYRIMIDINE ITK INHIBITORS FOR TREATING INFLAMMATION AND CANCER
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Disclosed herein are arylpyridinone compounds and compositions useful in the treatment of ITK mediated diseases, such as inflammation, having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and X are as defined in the detailed description. Methods of inhibition of ITK activity in a human or animal subject are also provided.
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Paragraph 0417; 0423; 0424
(2018/08/12)
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- AZAINDOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS ERK KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention concerns a compound of formula (I): or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially for use as inhibitors of the kinase ERK activity in particular ERK2 activity.
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Paragraph 0085-0087
(2017/06/13)
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- Structural Optimization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Inhibitors Targeting Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases (DYRK) and CDC-like kinases (CLK) in Glioblastoma
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The DYRK family contains kinases that are up-regulated in malignancy and control several cancer hallmarks. To assess the anticancer potential of inhibitors targeting DYRK kinases, we developed a series of novel DYRK inhibitors based on the 7-azaindole scaffold. All compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, and the structurally related CLK1. The library was screened for anticancer efficacy in established and stem cell-like glioblastoma cell lines. The most potent inhibitors (IC50 ≤ 50 nM) significantly decreased viability, clonogenic survival, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Target engagement was confirmed with genetic knockdown and the cellular thermal shift assay. We demonstrate that DYRK1A’s thermal stability in cells is increased upon compound treatment, confirming binding in cells. In summary, we present synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and efficacy in glioblastoma-relevant models for a library of novel 7-azaindoles.
- Zhou, Qingqing,Phoa, Athena F.,Abbassi, Ramzi H.,Hoque, Monira,Reekie, Tristan A.,Font, Josep S.,Ryan, Renae M.,Stringer, Brett W.,Day, Bryan W.,Johns, Terrance G.,Munoz, Lenka,Kassiou, Michael
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p. 2052 - 2070
(2017/03/17)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS ERK INHIBITORS
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Compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds are disclosed, which are used for treatment of disease, disorder or condition associated with ERK activity.
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Paragraph 076
(2016/03/18)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as c-Met inhibitors
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Five novel 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives, with a methylene, sulfur, sulfoxide or cyclopropyl group as a linker, were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated against c-Met and ALK. The development of these methods of compound synthesis may provide an important reference for the construction of novel 7-azaindole and 7-azaindazole derivatives with a single atom linker. The enzyme assay and cell assay in vitro showed that compound 9 displayed strong c-Met kinase inhibition with IC50 of 22.8 nM, moderate ALK kinase inhibition, and strong cell inhibition with MKN-45 IC50 of 329 nM and EBC-1 IC50 of 479 nM. In order to find the better candidate compounds, compounds 8, 9 and 10 have been selected as tool compounds for further optimization.
- Liu, Na,Wang, Yanfen,Huang, Gongchao,Ji, Conghui,Fan, Wei,Li, Haitao,Cheng, Ying,Tian, Hongqi
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p. 146 - 158
(2016/03/12)
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- As inhibitors of cMet compounds and methods for their preparation and use
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The present invention relates to a substituted 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine compound adopted as a cMet inhibitor and a substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compound, a preparation method of the compounds, uses of the compounds, a compound represented by a formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, and a preparation method of the compound represented by the formula (I), wherein X, X, X, X, W, R and R1 are defined in an instruction. The invention further discloses the preparation method of the compound represented by the formula (I) and a drug composition containing the compound represented by the formula (I).
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Paragraph 0328-0330
(2016/11/14)
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- HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS THEREOF
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The present invention provides herein is a heteroaryl compound or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a racemate, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, as well as a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound disclosed herein. The present invention also provides herein is use of the compound or the pharmaceutical composition thereof disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicine for treating autoimmune diseases or proliferative diseases.
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Paragraph 00483
(2016/01/25)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR KINASE MODULATION, AND INDICATIONS THEREFOR
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Compounds of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvate, a tautomer, an isomer or a deuterated analog thereof, wherein R1, R2, Q1, Q2, and Q3, are described in this disclosure, compositions thereof, and methods and uses thereof.
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Paragraph 0556; 0557; 0558
(2016/11/24)
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- 3,5-Diarylazaindoles as DYRK1A Protein Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficiencies Associated with Down's Syndrome and with Alzheimer's Disease
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The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I′) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, in which: X3 is F, OH or SH, Y3 is F, OH or SH, X1, X2, X4, X5, Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 are, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, Br, OH or SH, and 1 to 2 groups among the X1, X2, X4 and X5 radicals are other than H and/or 1 to 2 groups among the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 radicals are other than H. The present invention also relates to a compound of formula (I′) for use as a medicament, in particular in the prevention and/or treatment of cognitive disorders associated with a dysfunction of the Dyrk1A protein.
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Paragraph 0120-0125
(2015/11/16)
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- 5-(1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-Pyrrolo[2,3-b]Pyridine Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors
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The present application relates to novel 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of formula (I), as protein kinase inhibitors. The invention particularly relates to compounds of formula (I), preparation of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention further relates to prodrugs, derivatives, polymorphs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions comprising the said novel 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine compounds and their derivatives and their use in the treatment of various disorders.
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Paragraph 0135
(2015/07/15)
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- MIXED LINEAGE KINASE INHIBITORS FOR HIV/AIDS THERAPIES
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Disclosed are methods for treating an individual infected with a retrovirus that comprise administering to the individual effective amounts of a mixed lineage kinase inhibitor and antiretroviral drug. In further aspects, disclosed are methods for treating an individual infected with a retrovirus that comprises administering an antiretroviral drug formulated into a crystalline nanoparticle comprising a surfactant, and a MLK inhibitor. Still further disclosed are methods for treating an individual infected with a retrovirus that comprises administering a composition comprising both an antiretroviral and MLK inhibitor formulated into a crystalline nanoparticle, which comprises a surfactant. Still further disclosed are compositions that comprise an antiretroviral drug, a MLK inhibitor, and a surfactant, wherein the composition is a crystalline nanoparticle. Compostions comprising MLK inhibitors with other drugs in nanoparticulate form, and methods of there use, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 0400
(2014/06/23)
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- COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC USES THEREOF
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The invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and the use of these compounds, compositions, and medicaments in methods of treating a variety of diseases and disorders.
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Paragraph 0235
(2014/01/17)
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- 3-(PYRAZOLYL)-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-b]PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present application relates to novel 3-(pyrazolyl)-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of formula (I), as protein kinase inhibitors. The invention particularly relates to compounds of formula (I), preparation of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions comprising the said novel 3-(pyrazolyl)-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives and their use in the treatment of various disorders.
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Page/Page column 24
(2014/01/18)
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- 5-(1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-b]PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
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The present application relates to novel 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of formula (I), as protein kinase inhibitors. The invention particularly relates to compounds of formula (I), preparation of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The invention further relates to prodrugs, derivatives, polymorphs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions comprising the said novel 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine compounds and their derivatives and their use in the treatment of various disorders.
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Page/Page column 27
(2014/03/21)
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- Development of DANDYs, new 3,5-diaryl-7-azaindoles demonstrating potent DYRK1A kinase inhibitory activity
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A series of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of DYRKIA kinase in vitro. Derivatives having hydroxy groups on the aryl moieties (2c, 2j-l) demonstrated high inhibitory potencies with Kis in the low nanomolar range. Their methoxy analogues were up to 100 times less active. Docking studies at the ATP binding site suggested that these compounds bind tightly to this site via a network of multiple H-bonds with the peptide backbone. None of the active compounds were cytotoxic to KB cells at 10-6 M. Kinase profiling revealed that compound 2j showed 2-fold selectivity for DYRK1A with respect to DYRK2 and DYRK3.
- Gourdain, Stéphanie,Dairou, Julien,Denhez, Clément,Bui, Linh Chi,Rodrigues-Lima, Fernando,Janel, Nathalie,Delabar, Jean M.,Cariou, Kevin,Dodd, Robert H.
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p. 9569 - 9585
(2014/01/06)
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- Discovery, synthesis, and characterization of an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant inhibitor of mixed lineage kinase 3
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Inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) is a potential strategy for treatment of Parkinson's disease and HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), requiring an inhibitor that can achieve significant brain concentration levels. We report here URMC-099 (1) an orally bioavailable (F = 41%), potent (IC50 = 14 nM) MLK3 inhibitor with excellent brain exposure in mouse PK models and minimal interference with key human CYP450 enzymes or hERG channels. The compound inhibits LPS-induced TNFα release in microglial cells, HIV-1 Tat-induced release of cytokines in human monocytes and up-regulation of phospho-JNK in Tat-injected brains of mice. Compound 1 likely functions in HAND preclinical models by inhibiting multiple kinase pathways, including MLK3 and LRRK2 (IC50 = 11 nM). We compare the kinase specificity and BBB penetration of 1 with CEP-1347 (2). Compound 1 is well tolerated, with excellent in vivo activity in HAND models, and is under investigation for further development.
- Goodfellow, Val S.,Loweth, Colin J.,Ravula, Satheesh B.,Wiemann, Torsten,Nguyen, Thong,Xu, Yang,Todd, Daniel E.,Sheppard, David,Pollack, Scott,Polesskaya, Oksana,Marker, Daniel F.,Dewhurst, Stephen,Gelbard, Harris A.
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p. 8032 - 8048
(2013/11/06)
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- BICYCLIC HETEROARYL KINASE INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE
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Provided are compounds having an inhibitory effect on kinases including Mixed Lineage Kinases. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing the compounds, synthetic intermediates, and methods of using the compounds, independently or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for treating diseases and conditions that are affected by Mixed Lineage Kinase inhibition. Also provided are methods of treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that comprise the inhibition of Mixed Lineage Kinases.
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Page/Page column 162
(2011/12/14)
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- Discovery of new azaindole-based PI3Kα inhibitors: Apoptotic and antiangiogenic effect on cancer cells
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Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is an important target in cancer due to the deregulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in many tumors. In this study, we designed [3,5-d]-7-azaindole analogs as PI3Kα inhibitors through the fragment-growing strategy. By varying groups at the 3,5-positions of azaindole, we developed the SAR (Structure-activity relationship) and identified a series of potent PI3Kα inhibitors. Representative azaindole derivatives showed activity in a cellular proliferation and apoptosis assays. Moreover, B3 exhibited strong antiangiogenic effects on cancer cells.
- Hong, Seunghee,Lee, Soyoung,Kim, Bomi,Lee, Hyunseung,Hong, Soon-Sun,Hong, Sungwoo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7212 - 7215
(2011/01/03)
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- HETEROBICYCLIC ALKYLTHIO-BRIDGED ISOXAZOLINES
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Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein J is and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8a, R8b, R8c, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, W1, W2, Y1, Y2, Y3, m and n are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.
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Page/Page column 19
(2010/05/13)
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- FUSED RING HETEROCYCLE KINASE MODULATORS
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The present invention provides fused ring heterocycles as kinase modulators, pharmaceutical compositions containing these modulators, and methods of using these modulators to treat diseases mediated by kinase activity.
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Page/Page column 137
(2008/12/04)
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- PYRROLO-PYRIDINE KINASE MODULATORS
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The present invention provides novel pyrrolo-pyridine kinase modulators and methods of using the novel pyrrolo-pyridine kinase modulators to treat diseases mediated by kinase activity.
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Page/Page column 50
(2008/12/04)
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- Pyrrolo-pyridine kinase modulators
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The present invention provides novel pyrrolo-pyridine kinase modulators and methods of using the novel pyrrolo-pyridine kinase modulators to treat diseases mediated by kinase activity.
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Page/Page column 24; 75
(2010/02/15)
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- JNK INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides novel compounds of formula (I) and their use in the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. The present invention further provides the use of these compounds in medicine, in particular in the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders related to apoptosis and/or inflammation.
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Page 125-126
(2008/06/13)
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