cas 775-12-2, Diphenylsilane | Articles data

Articles about 775-12-2Total 69 be found

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Interconversion of silylphenyl and phenylsilyl cations in the reaction with benzene
The possibility for positive charge migration in SiC6H 7 + cation from carbon to silicon (or vice versa) was studied by the radiochemical method. Silylphenyl cation with initial charge localization on the carbon atom is transformed into phenylsilylium ion where the positive charge is localized on the silicon atom. No migration of positive charge from the silicon atom to carbon occurs. 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
Shishigin,Avrorin,Kochina,Sinotova,Ignat'ev
p. 1393 - 1394
(2005)
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A systematic analysis of the structure-reactivity trends for some 'cation-like' early transition metal catalysts for dehydropolymerization of silanes
The use of 'cation-like' metallocene combination catalysts (Cp′2MCl2-2BuLi-B(C6F5)3; Cp′ = η5-cyclopentadienyl, or substituted η5-cyclopentadienyl; M = Ti, Zr, Hf, U) for dehydropolymerization of silanes significantly improves the polymer molecular weight. For example, under the same conditions a Cp(C5Me5)ZrCl2-2BuLi catalyst gives Mn = 1890, while a Cp(C5Me5)ZrCl2-2BuLi-B(C6F5)3 gives Mn = 7270. The influence of various factors (steric and electronic effects of the cyclopentadienyl ligands, the nature of the metal, temperature, solvent, concentration and structure of silane) on the build-up of polysilane chains are systematically analyzed.
Dioumaev, Vladimir K.,Harrod, John F.
p. 133 - 143
(1996)
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Palladium(II) catalysed silicon-oxygen bond formation versus rearrangement reactions
Phenylsilane and diphenylsilane undergoes rearrangement reactions by palladium catalysts such as Pd(TMEDA)Cl2, Pd(TEEDA)Cl2, [Pd(PPh3)]2Cl2 (where TMEDA = tetramethylethylenediamine, TEEDA = tetraethylethylenediamine) at room temperature. However, the reductive Si-O bond forming reaction can be performed on hydrosilanes through competitive paths. The reactions of phenylsilane and quinonic compounds are catlaysed by Pd(TMEDA)Cl2 (such as 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-napthoquinone) to give siloxanes, backbone of these siloxanes which contains rearranged phenylsilane units. The thin films of such oligomers has plot of resistance vs temperature profile resembling semiconductor.
Purkayastha,Baruah
p. 9 - 14
(2001)
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Nickel-catalyzed cyclopolymerization of hexyl- and phenylsilanes
[Ni(dmpe)2] (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) catalyzed the dehydrogenative polymerization of hexylsilane in toluene at room temperature to produce a mixture of acyclic and cyclic poly(hexylsilanes). A simlar reaction at 70 C resulted in selective cyclopolymerization of hexylsilane to yield a cyclic polymer with an average molecular weight of Mn = 1450 (Mw/Mn = 1.01, GPC polystyrene standard). The 1H NMR, 29Si{1H} DEPT NMR, and IR spectroscopic data indicated the presence or absence of the -SiH2R end groups of the polymer and its acyclic or cyclic structure. Addition of hexylsilane to the solution of the poly(hexylsilanes) containing the acyclic polymer (Mn = 1330) and heating the mixture in the presence of 5 mol % of [Ni(dmpe) 2] catalyst formed a polymer composed of the cyclic molecules without a change in the average molecular weight. The polymerization of phenylsilane catalyzed by [Ni(dmpe)2] also yielded the cyclic poly(phenylsilane). The reaction using a mixture of [Ni(cod)2] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and PMe3 as the catalyst produced acyclic and/or cyclic poly(phenylsilanes) depending on the conditions. 9,9-Dihydrosilafluorene reacted with [PdMe2(dmpe)] to afford a persilylated palladacyclopentane, [Pd(SiC12H8)4(dmpe)], with four 1,1-silafluorene units.
Tanabe, Makoto,Takahashi, Atsushi,Fukuta, Tomoko,Osakada, Kohtaro
p. 1037 - 1043
(2013)
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PROCESS FOR THE STEPWISE SYNTHESIS OF SILAHYDROCARBONS
The invention relates to a process for the stepwise synthesis of silahydrocarbons bearing up to four different organyl substituents at the silicon atom, wherein the process includes at least one step a) of producing a bifunctional hydridochlorosilane by a redistribution reaction, selective chlorination of hydridosilanes with an ether/HCI reagent, or by selective chlorination of hydridosilanes with SiCI4, at least one step b) of submitting a bifunctional hydridochloromonosilane to a hydrosilylation reaction, at least one step c) of hydrogenation of a chloromonosilane, and a step d) in which a silahydrocarbon compound is obtained in a hydrosilylation reaction.
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(2021/12/08)

Metal-free hydrogen evolution cross-coupling enabled by synergistic photoredox and polarity reversal catalysis
A synergistic combination of photoredox and polarity reversal catalysis enabled a hydrogen evolution cross-coupling of silanes with H2O, alcohols, phenols, and silanols, which afforded the corresponding silanols, monosilyl ethers, and disilyl ethers, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields. The dehydrogenative cross-coupling of Si-H and O-H proceeded smoothly with broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility in the presence of only an organophotocatalyst 4-CzIPN and a thiol HAT catalyst, without the requirement of any metals, external oxidants and proton reductants, which is distinct from the previously reported photocatalytic hydrogen evolution cross-coupling reactions where a proton reduction cocatalyst such as a cobalt complex is generally required. Mechanistically, a silyl cation intermediate is generated to facilitate the cross-coupling reaction, which therefore represents an unprecedented approach for the generation of silyl cationviavisible-light photoredox catalysis.
Cao, Jilei,Lu, Kanghui,Ma, Lishuang,Yang, Xiaona,Zhou, Rong
supporting information
p. 8988 - 8994
(2021/11/23)

CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF HALOGENATED CARBOSILANES AND HALOGENATED CARBODISILANES
Selective reduction methods for halogenated carbosilanes and carbodisilanes are disclosed. More particularly, high yields of the desired carbosilanes and carbodisilanes are obtained by reduction of their halogenated counterparts using a reducing agent and tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPC) as a catalyst.
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(2021/04/02)

Method for preparing of cyclic amidine compounds using borane catalyst and cyclic amidine compounds prepared therefrom
The present invention is in the presence of an organoboron catalyst. Silane compoundsN-The present invention relates to a process for preparing (Z)- cyclic amidine compounds available as source materials and intermediates of a heteroaromatic ring compound and subsequent sulfonyl azid compounds, and (Z)- cyclic amidine compounds prepared therefrom.
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Paragraph 0231-0235

(2021/11/06)

An effective total synthesis of four angiotensin-converting enzymes containing silanediols
Four angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) containing silanediols 1 have been synthesized successfully in 8% overall yield in 8 steps from inexpensive starting materials such as diphenyldichlorosilane 5, β-methylallylic alcohol 7 and Ellman sulfinimine 9.
Duong, Hoan Quoc,Sieburth, Scott McN
p. 866 - 873
(2021/09/28)

Hydrogenolysis of Polysilanes Catalyzed by Low-Valent Nickel Complexes
The dehydrogenation of organosilanes (RxSiH4?x) under the formation of Si?Si bonds is an intensively investigated process leading to oligo- or polysilanes. The reverse reaction is little studied. To date, the hydrogenolysis of Si?Si bonds requires very harsh conditions and is very unselective, leading to multiple side products. Herein, we describe a new catalytic hydrogenation of oligo- and polysilanes that is highly selective and proceeds under mild conditions. New low-valent nickel hydride complexes are used as catalysts and secondary silanes, RR′SiH2, are obtained as products in high purity.
Comas-Vives, Aleix,Eiler, Frederik,Grützmacher, Hansj?rg,Pribanic, Bruno,Trincado, Monica,Vogt, Matthias
supporting information
p. 15603 - 15609
(2020/04/29)

Synthesis of Stereodefined Trisubstituted Alkenyl Silanes Enabled by Borane Catalysis and Nickel Catalysis
Regioselective and stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenyl silanes via hydrosilylation is challenging. Herein, we report the first β-anti-selective addition of silanes to thioalkynes with B(C6F5)3as the catalyst. The reaction shows broad substrate scope. The products were proven to be useful intermediates to other trisubstituted alkenyl silanes by Ni-catalyzed stereoretentive cross-coupling reactions of the C-S bond. A mechanism study suggests that nucleophilic attack of thioalkyne to an activated silylium intermediate might be the rate-determining step.
Zhang, Yunxiao,Chen, Yanran,Zhang, Zeguo,Liu, Shanshan,Shen, Xiao
supporting information
p. 970 - 975
(2020/02/15)

Selective homo- And cross-desilacoupling of aryl and benzyl primary silanes catalyzed by a barium complex
Under mild conditions (25 °C, 5 mol% cat.), highly selective homo- and cross-desilacoupling of aryl and benzyl primary silanes to secondary silanes was achieved by the use of the heteroleptic barium aminobenzyl complex [(TpAd,iPr)Ba(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)] (TpAd,iPr = hydrotris(3-adamantyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazolyl)borate) (1) as a catalyst. Dihydrosilanes originating from catalytic redistribution and cross-desilacoupling reactions were isolated in fine yields, which demonstrates the feasible application of the barium complex in the syntheses of secondary aryl- and benzylsilanes. This journal is
Cheng, Jianhua,Liu, Zhizhou,Shi, Xianghui
p. 8340 - 8346
(2020/07/07)

Electrochemical properties of arylsilanes
In the past, the electrochemical properties of organosilicon compounds were investigated for both fundamental reasons and synthesis purposes. Little is, however, known about the electrochemical behaviour of hydrogen-bearing arylsilanes. Here, we throw light on the electrochemical properties of 11 arylsilanes compounds, 2 of them synthesized for the first time. The oxidation potentials are found to depend on both the nature and number of the aryl groups. Based on these findings it was possible to establish some variation trends that match the expected structure–property correlations. Furthermore, we present first insights into the electrochemical reaction kinetics behind and identify several soluble electrochemical oxidation products.
Biedermann, Judith,Wilkening, H. Martin R.,Uhlig, Frank,Hanzu, Ilie
p. 13 - 18
(2019/03/27)

Cobalt(II) and (I) Complexes of Diphosphine-Ketone Ligands: Catalytic Activity in Hydrosilylation Reactions
The hydrosilylation of unsaturated compounds homogeneously catalyzed by cobalt complexes has gained considerable attention in the last years, aiming at substituting precious metal-based catalysts. In this study, the catalytic activity of well-characterized CoII and CoI complexes of the pToldpbp ligand is demonstrated in the hydrosilylation of 1-octene with phenylsilane. The CoI complex is the better precatalyst for the mentioned reaction under mild conditions, at 1 mol-% catalyst, 1 h, room temperature, and without solvent, yielding 84 % of octylphenylsilane. Investigation of the substrate scope shows lower performance of the catalyst in styrene hydrosilylation, but excellent results with allylbenzene (84 %) and acetophenone (> 99 %). This catalytic study contributes to the field of cobalt-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions and shows the first example of catalysis employing the dpbp ligand in combination with a base metal.
Verhoeven, Dide G. A.,Kwakernaak, Joost,van Wiggen, Maxime A. C.,Lutz, Martin,Moret, Marc-Etienne
supporting information
p. 660 - 667
(2019/02/05)

Nucleophile induced ligand rearrangement reactions of alkoxy- and arylsilanes
The ligand-redistribution reactions of aryl- and alkoxy-hydrosilanes can potentially cause the formation of gaseous hydrosilanes, which are flammable and pyrophoric. The ability of generic nucleophiles to initiate the ligand-redistribution reaction of commonly used hydrosilane reagents was investigated, alongside methods to hinder and halt the formation of hazardous hydrosilanes. Our results show that the ligand-redistribution reaction can be completely inhibited by common electrophiles and first-row transition metal pre-catalysts.
Docherty, Jamie H.,Dominey, Andrew P.,Thomas, Stephen P.
p. 3330 - 3335
(2019/05/10)

Highly selective redistribution of primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes catalyzed by Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-: O)3@SBA-15
Rare-earth metal tris(aminobenzyl) complexes Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3 (Ln = La, Y) were grafted onto the dehydroxylated periodic mesoporous silica support SBA-15 to generate the organometallic-inorganic hybrid materials Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3@SBA-15 (Ln = La (2a), Y (2b)), which demonstrated extremely high selectivity (>99%) in catalyzing the redistribution of primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes without the requisition of strict control of the reaction conditions. The hybrid materials still showed a perfect selectivity and activity after three catalytic cycles.
Guo, Chenjun,Li, Min,Chen, Jue,Luo, Yunjie
supporting information
p. 117 - 120
(2019/12/25)

Synthesis of hydrosilanes: Via Lewis-base-catalysed reduction of alkoxy silanes with NaBH4
Hydrosilanes were synthesized by reduction of alkoxy silanes with BH3 in the presence of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) as a Lewis-base catalyst. The reaction was also achieved using an inexpensive and easily handled hydride source NaBH4, which reacted with EtBr as a sacrificial reagent to form BH3in situ.
Aoyagi, Keiya,Ohmori, Yu,Inomata, Koya,Matsumoto, Kazuhiro,Shimada, Shigeru,Sato, Kazuhiko,Nakajima, Yumiko
supporting information
p. 5859 - 5862
(2019/05/27)

Synthesis, characterisation and electronic properties of naphthalene bridged disilanes
Synthesis of naphthalene bridged disilanes 2R (R = Me, Ph) was performed via catalytic dehydrocoupling. Using RhCl(PPh3)3 as a catalyst, an intramolecular Si-Si bond was readily formed from the corresponding disilyl precursors 1R (R = Me, Ph). For catalytic reactions using (C6F5)3B(OH2), bridged siloxanes (3Ph and 3Me) were observed. Attempts to install the 1,8-naphthalene bridge directly onto a disilane resulted in an unusual product (4), containing two silicon centres bridged through one naphthyl group, and another naphthyl group attached to a single Si centre. In order for this product to form, both a Si to Si hydrogen shift rearrangement as well as Si-Si bond cleavage occurred. The effects of phenyl and methyl substitutions on the structure and electronic properties of the synthesised compounds was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, theoretical UV-Vis absorption maxima were evaluated using density functional theory (TD-SCF) on a B3LYP/6-31(++)G?? level of theory and compared with experimental UV-Vis spectroscopic data.
Rabanzo-Castillo, Kristel M.,Hanif, Muhammad,S?hnel, Tilo,Leitao, Erin M.
p. 13971 - 13980
(2019/10/01)

Carbon dioxide hydrosilylation to methane catalyzed by zinc and other first-row transition metal salts
We accomplished zinc catalyzed hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to silyl formate (C+II), bis(silyl)acetal (C0), methoxysilane (C1II), and finally methane (C1IV). Among several zinc salts, we found that Zn(OAc)2 with ligand 1,10-phenanthroline was the best. A turnover number of 815000 was achieved using the zinc catalyst to yield C+II. Unexpectedly, we observed the generation of CO from CO2 and hydrosilane for the first time. In addition to Zn, other first-row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) also served as Lewis acid catalysts for CO2 hydrosilylation, regardless of the nature of the metal.
Zhang, Qiao,Fukaya, Norihisa,Fujitani, Tadahiro,Choi, Jun-Chul
supporting information
p. 1945 - 1949
(2019/12/12)

Catalytic Reduction of Alkoxysilanes with Borane Using a Metallocene-Type Yttrium Complex
The catalytic reduction of alkoxysilanes with the borane HBpin (pin = pinacolato) was achieved using a metallocene-type yttrium complex as a catalyst precursor. Mechanistic study supported the pivotal role of the rigid metallocene structure of the catalyst, which bears two bulky n5-C5Me4SiMe3 ligands, in suppressing the coordination of the side product MeOBpin that is generated during the reaction.
Aoyagi, Keiya,Matsumoto, Kazuhiro,Shimada, Shigeru,Sato, Kazuhiko,Nakajima, Yumiko
supporting information
p. 210 - 212
(2019/02/01)

Divalent Ytterbium Complex-Catalyzed Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Primary Arylsilanes
Redistribution of primary silanes through C-Si and Si-H bond cleavage and reformation provides a straightforward synthesis of secondary silanes, but the poor selectivity and low efficiency severely hinders the application of this synthetic protocol. Here, we show that a newly synthesized divalent ytterbium alkyl complex exhibits unprecedentedly high catalytic activity toward the selective redistribution of primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes. More significantly, this complex also effectively catalyzes the cross-coupling between electron-withdrawing substituted primary arylsilanes and electron-donating substituted primary arylsilanes to secondary arylsilanes containing two different aryls. DFT calculation indicates that the reaction always involve the exothermic formation of a hypervalent silicon upon facile addition of PhSiH3 to the Yb-E (E = C, H) bond. This hypervalent compound can easily either generate directly the Yb-Ph complex, or indirectly through the formation of Yb-H, that is the key complex for the formation of Ph2SiH2.
Liu, Xiaojuan,Xiang, Li,Louyriac, Elisa,Maron, Laurent,Leng, Xuebing,Chen, Yaofeng
supporting information
p. 138 - 142
(2019/01/16)

Iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using hydrosilanes
A simple and efficient iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using phenylhydrosilane is disclosed. The reaction utilizes FeCl3 without the requirement of ligands. Unactivated alkyl and aryl halides were successfully reduced in good yields; sterically hindered tertiary halides were also reduced including the less reactive chlorides. The scalability of this methodology was demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis with a catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol%. Notably, disproportionation of phenylsilane leads to diphenylsilane that further reduces the halides. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed a non-radical pathway and the source of hydrogen is PhSiH3via deuterium labeling studies. Our methodology represents simplicity and provides a good alternative to typical tin, aluminum and boron hydride reagents.
Pilli, Ramadevi,Balakrishnan, Venkadesh,Chandrasekaran, Revathi,Rasappan, Ramesh
supporting information
p. 1749 - 1753
(2019/02/20)

SYNTHESIS OF ORGANO CHLOROSILANES FROM ORGANOSILANES
The invention relates to a process for the production of chlorosilanes by subjecting one or more hydndosilanes to the reaction with hydrogen chloride in the presence of at least one ether compound, and a process for the production of such hydndosilanes serving as starting materials.
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(2019/04/16)

Dual Role of Doubly Reduced Arylboranes as Dihydrogen- and Hydride-Transfer Catalysts
Doubly reduced 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracenes (DBAs) are introduced as catalysts for hydrogenation as well as hydride-transfer reactions. The required alkali metal salts M2[DBA] are readily accessible from the respective neutral DBAs and Li metal, Na metal, or KC8. In the first step, the ambiphilic M2[DBA] activate H2 in a concerted, metal-like fashion. The rates of H2 activation strongly depend on the B-bonded substituents and the counter cations. Smaller substituents (e.g., H, Me) are superior to bulkier groups (e.g., Et, pTol), and a Mes substituent is even prohibitively large. Li+ ions, which form persistent contact ion pairs with [DBA]2-, slow the H2-addition rate to a higher extent than more weakly coordinating Na+/K+ ions. For the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, we identified Li2[4] (Me substituents at boron) as the best performing catalyst; its substrate scope encompasses Ph(H)CNtBu, Ph2CCH2, and anthracene. The conversion of E-Cl to E-H bonds (E = C, Si, Ge, P) was best achieved by using Na2[4]. The latter protocol provides facile access also to Me2Si(H)Cl, a most important silicone building block. Whereas the H2-transfer reaction regenerates the dianion [4]2- and is thus immediately catalytic, the H--transfer process releases the neutral 4, which has to be recharged by Na metal before it can enter the cycle again. To avoid Wurtz-type coupling of the substrate, the reduction of 4 must be performed in the absence of the element halide, which demands an alternating process management (similar to the industrial anthraquinone process).
Von Grotthuss, Esther,Prey, Sven E.,Bolte, Michael,Lerner, Hans-Wolfram,Wagner, Matthias
supporting information

(2019/04/17)

Dual Role of Doubly Reduced Arylboranes as Dihydrogen- and Hydride-Transfer Catalysts
Doubly reduced 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracenes (DBAs) are introduced as catalysts for hydrogenation as well as hydride-transfer reactions. The required alkali metal salts M2[DBA] are readily accessible from the respective neutral DBAs and Li metal, Na metal, or KC8. In the first step, the ambiphilic M2[DBA] activate H2 in a concerted, metal-like fashion. The rates of H2 activation strongly depend on the B-bonded substituents and the counter cations. Smaller substituents (e.g., H, Me) are superior to bulkier groups (e.g., Et, pTol), and a Mes substituent is even prohibitively large. Li+ ions, which form persistent contact ion pairs with [DBA]2-, slow the H2-addition rate to a higher extent than more weakly coordinating Na+/K+ ions. For the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, we identified Li2[4] (Me substituents at boron) as the best performing catalyst; its substrate scope encompasses Ph(H)C=NtBu, Ph2C=CH2, and anthracene. The conversion of E-Cl to E-H bonds (E = C, Si, Ge, P) was best achieved by using Na2[4]. The latter protocol provides facile access also to Me2Si(H)Cl, a most important silicone building block. Whereas the H2-transfer reaction regenerates the dianion [4]2- and is thus immediately catalytic, the H--transfer process releases the neutral 4, which has to be recharged by Na metal before it can enter the cycle again. To avoid Wurtz-type coupling of the substrate, the reduction of 4 must be performed in the absence of the element halide, which demands an alternating process management (similar to the industrial anthraquinone process).
Von Grotthuss, Esther,Prey, Sven E.,Bolte, Michael,Lerner, Hans-Wolfram,Wagner, Matthias
supporting information
p. 6082 - 6091
(2019/04/17)

Silylation of Aryl Halides with Monoorganosilanes Activated by Lithium Alkoxide
Lithium alkoxide activates a monoorganosilane to generate a transient LiH/alkoxysilane complex, which quickly reacts with aryl and alkenyl halides at 25 °C to deliver a diorganosilane product. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the reaction includes nucleophilic attack of LiH on the halogen atom of the organic halide to generate a transient organolithium/alkoxysilane intermediate, which undergoes quick carbon-silicon bond formation within the complex.
Yoshida, Takumi,Ilies, Laurean,Nakamura, Eiichi
supporting information
p. 2844 - 2847
(2018/05/29)

Catalytic N-Si coupling as a vehicle for silane dehydrocoupling: Via α-silylene elimination
Exploration of (N3N)ZrNMe2 (1, N3N = N(CH2CH2NSiMe3)33-) as a catalyst for the cross-dehydrocoupling or heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines suggested silylene reactivity. Further studies of the catalysis and stoichiometric modeling reactions hint at α-silylene elimination as the pivotal mechanistic step, which expands the 3p elements known to engage in this catalysis and provides a new strategy for the catalytic generation of low-valent fragments.
Erickson, Karla A.,Cibuzar, Michael P.,Mucha, Neil T.,Waterman, Rory
supporting information
p. 2138 - 2142
(2018/02/20)

Method for preparing hydrogen silane by using calcium hydride to conduct reduction on chlorosilane
The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrogen silane by using calcium hydride to conduct reduction on chlorosilane and belongs to the technical field of chlorosilane reduction. The problemsof harsh reaction conditions, low reaction speed and the like of chlorosilane reduction through CaH2 in the prior art are solved. In an organic solvent, under catalysis of a catalyst, calcium hydrideis used as a reducing agent, and chlorosilane is reduced into hydrogen silane; the catalyst is borane or borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride, and the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether or other ether solvents. The method can be applied to hydrogen silane preparation through chlorosilane reduction.
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(2018/07/30)

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SILICON HYDRIDE COMPOUND
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a silicon hydride compound by converting a silicon-halogen bond to a silicon-hydrogen bond with a boron hydride, wherein the method allows the reaction to proceed quickly and can be applied to a variety of substrates. SOLUTION: A method for producing a silicon hydride compound includes the step of converting a silicon-halogen bond to a silicon-hydrogen bond with a boron hydride, in the presence of an organic solvent containing nitrogen. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT
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(2017/11/01)

Reversible Silylene Insertion Reactions into Si?H and P?H σ-Bonds at Room Temperature
Phosphine-stabilized silylenes react with silanes and a phosphine by silylene insertion into E?H σ-bonds (E=Si,P) at room temperature to give the corresponding silanes. Of special interest, the process occurs reversibly at room temperature. These results demonstrate that both the oxidative addition (typical reaction for transient silylenes) and the reductive elimination processes can proceed at the silicon center under mild reaction conditions. DFT calculations provide insight into the importance of the coordination of the silicon center to achieve the reductive elimination step.
Rodriguez, Ricardo,Contie, Yohan,Nougué, Raphael,Baceiredo, Antoine,Saffon-Merceron, Nathalie,Sotiropoulos, Jean-Marc,Kato, Tsuyoshi
supporting information
p. 14355 - 14358
(2016/11/11)

Hydrogenation of chlorosilanes by NaBH4
Hydrogenation of chlorosilane was achieved in acetonitrile using NaBH4, a safe and easy-to-handle reagent. This reaction converted Si-Cl portion(s) in organosilanes into Si-H portion(s) without hydrogenation of cyano, chloro, and aldehyde groups on an alkyl substituent of the Si reagents. In addition, the Si-Cl/Si-H exchange reaction was applicable to dichlorodisilane without Si-Si bond cleavage.
Ito, Masaki,Itazaki, Masumi,Abe, Takashi,Nakazawa, Hiroshi
p. 1434 - 1436
(2016/12/03)

Base-Metal-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Alkene Hydrosilylations
A complementary set of base metal catalysts has been developed for regiodivergent alkene hydrosilylations: iron complexes of phosphine-iminopyridine are selective for anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylations (linear/branched up to >99:1), while the cobalt complexes bearing the same type of ligands provide an unprecedented high level of Markovnikov selectivity (branched/linear up to >99:1). Both systems exhibit high efficiency and wide functional group tolerance. Regiodivergent alkene hydrosilylation has been accomplished with high efficiency using a newly developed set of complementary base metal catalyst systems. An inversion of regioselectivity (linear/branched) from >99:1 to 1:99 is obtained when the iron version of the catalyst is exchanged for a cobalt-containing analogue.
Du, Xiaoyong,Zhang, Yanlu,Peng, Dongjie,Huang, Zheng
supporting information
p. 6671 - 6675
(2016/06/08)

Activation of Si-Si and Si-H Bonds at a Platinum Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene (dppf) Complex: Key Steps for the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Disilanes
Treatment of the platinum(0) complex [Pt(dppf)(nbe)] [1; dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene, nbe = norbornene] with the 1,2-dihydrodisilanes HPh2SiSiPh2H or HMe2SiSiMe2H gave [Pt(SiR2H)2(dppf)] (2, R = Ph; 4, R = Me) by oxidative addition of the Si-Si bond. The bis-silyl complexes 2 and 4 react with H2 to give [Pt(H)(SiR2H)(dppf)] (3, R = Ph; 5, R = Me) and H2SiR2. Adding HPh2SiSiPh2H to the hydrido silyl complex 3, which can also be prepared through Si-H activation of H2SiPh2 at 1, resulted in the regeneration of 2 as well as in the release of H2SiPh2. Treatment of HR2SiSiR2H with H2 (1.7 bar) in the presence of 2 or 4 under moderate conditions led to the catalytic formation of H2SiR2 with TONs up to 25. The catalytic conversions are distinguished by a high selectivity for the hydrogenolysis of the 1,2-dihydrodisilanes, and no significant tendency for redistribution reactions at Si was observed.
Kall?ne, Sabrina I.,Laubenstein, Reik,Braun, Thomas,Dietrich, Maren
p. 530 - 537
(2016/02/16)

Organoaminosilanes and methods for making same
Organoaminosilanes, such as without limitation di-iso-propylaminosilane (DIPAS), are precursors for the deposition of silicon containing films such as silicon-oxide and silicon-nitride films. Described herein are methods to make organoaminosilane compounds, or other compounds such as organoaminodisilanes and organoaminocarbosilanes, via the catalytic hydrosilylation of an imine by a silicon source comprising a hydridosilane.
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Paragraph 0062

(2015/09/23)

Iridium Pincer Catalysts for Silane Dehydrocoupling: Ligand Effects on Selectivity and Activity
Catalytic reactions of bisphosphinite pincer-ligated iridium compounds p-XR(POCOP)IrHCl (POCOP) [2,6-(R2PO)2C6H3, R = iPr, X = H (1); R = tBu, X = COOMe (2); = H (3); = NMe2 (4)] with primary and secondary silanes have been performed. Complex 1 is primarily a silane redistribution precatalyst, but dehydrocoupling catalysis is observed for sterically demanding silane substrates or with aggressive removal of H2. The bulkier compounds (2-4) are silane dehydrocoupling precatalysts that also undergo competitive redistribution with less hindered substrates. Products generated from reactions utilizing 2-4 include low molecular weight oligosilanes with varying degrees of redistribution present or disilanes when employing more sterically demanding silane substrates. Selectivity for redistribution versus dehydrocoupling depends on the steric and electronic environment of the metal but can also be affected by reaction conditions. (Chemical Equation Presented).
Mucha, Neil T.,Waterman, Rory
supporting information
p. 3865 - 3872
(2015/08/19)

Iron-catalysed chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes using a bench-stable iron(II) pre-catalyst
The chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective iron-catalysed hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes with excellent functional group tolerance is reported (34 examples, 41-96% yield). The catalyst and reagents are commercially available and easy to handle, with the active iron catalyst being generated in situ, thus providing a simple and practical methodology for iron-catalysed hydrosilylation. The silane products can be oxidised to the anti-Markovnikov product of olefin hydration, and the one-pot iron-catalysed hydrosilylation-oxidation of olefins to give silane(di)ols directly is also reported. The iron pre-catalyst was used at loadings as low as 0.07 mol%, and displayed catalyst turnover frequencies (TOF) approaching 60,000 molh-1. Initial mechanistic studies indicate an iron(I) active catalyst.
Greenhalgh, Mark D.,Frank, Dominik J.,Thomas, Stephen P.
supporting information
p. 584 - 590
(2014/05/20)

Structural and mechanistic investigation of a cationic hydrogen-substituted ruthenium silylene catalyst for alkene hydrosilation
The cationic ruthenium silylene complex [Cp*(iPr 3P)Ru(H)2(SiHMes)][CB11H6Br 6], a catalyst for olefin hydrosilations with primary silanes, was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Relatively strong interactions between the silylene Si atom and Ru-H hydride ligands appear to reflect a highly electrophilic silicon center. The mechanism of olefin hydrosilation was examined by kinetics measurements and other experiments to provide the first experimentally determined mechanism for the catalytic cycle. This mechanism involves a fast, initial addition of the Si-H bond of the silylene complex to the olefin. Subsequent elimination of the product silane produces an unsaturated intermediate, which can be reversibly trapped by olefin or intercepted by the silane substrate. The latter reaction pathway involves activation of the reactant silane by Si-H oxidative addition and α-hydrogen migration to regenerate the key silylene intermediate.
Fasulo, Meg E.,Lipke, Mark C.,Tilley, T. Don
p. 3882 - 3887
(2013/09/23)

Hydrogenation and silylation of a double-cyclometalated ruthenium complex: Structures and dynamic behavior of hydrido and hydridosilicate ruthenium complexes
A double-cyclometalated ruthenium complex containing a chiral tripodal phospholane has been prepared by reaction with [Ru(η4-COD) (η3-methylallyl)2] via elimination of isobutene. The ruthenium-carbon bonds of this compound were reversibly cleaved by H 2, resulting in an equilibrium between a tri- and a tetrahydride (4 and 5). T1 relaxation time measurements revealed the nonclassical nature of the fluctuating hydrides. Release of the gas led to complete re-formation of the cyclometalated compound. Reaction of 3 with D2 afforded D10-5, in which six ortho-phenyl protons and four hydrides were replaced by deuterium. Furthermore, diphenylsilane was found to readily insert into one Ru-C bond to form 6, containing a κ3- dihydridosilicate fragment. On the basis of deuterium labeling experiments, the fast exchange between the two hydrides was shown to include a reductive elimination/oxidative addition step involving the remaining metalated phenyl group. Again, pressurization of 6 with H2 resulted in reversible cleavage of the remaining Ru-C bond, yielding the corresponding trihydride 7.
Scherl, Peter,Wadepohl, Hubert,Gade, Lutz H.
p. 4409 - 4415
(2013/09/02)

Activation of Si-Si and Si-H bonds at Pt: A catalytic hydrogenolysis of silicon-silicon bonds
The activation of Ph2HSiSiHPh2 and Me 3SiSiMe3 at [Pt(PEt3)3] (1) yielded the products of oxidative addition. The formation of [Pt(SiHPh2) 2(PEt3)2] (2) as a mixture of the cis and trans isomers appears to proceed quantitatively, whereas a conversion to give cis-[Pt(SiMe3)2(PEt3)2] (3) was not complete. Treatment of 1 with one equivalent of H2SiPh2 led to cis-and trans-[Pt(H)(SiHPh2)(PEt3)2] (cis-4, trans-4) together with the dinuclear complex [(Et3P) 2(H)Pt(μ-SiPh2)(μ-η2-HSiPh 2)Pt(PEt3)] (5). In contrast, HSiMe3 reacts with [Pt(PEt3)3] to yield cis-[Pt(H)(SiMe 3)(PEt3)2] (7) exclusively. Catalytic reactions of dihydrogen with the disilanes Ph2HSiSiHPh2 or Me 3SiSiMe3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Pt(PEt3)3] (1) led to the products of hydrogenolysis, H2SiPh2 and HSiMe3. The conversion of Me 3SiSiMe3 is much slower and needs higher temperature to proceed.
Voigt, Jan,Chilleck, Maren A.,Braun, Thomas
p. 4052 - 4058
(2013/04/10)

A new approach to light-gated Pt catalysts for the hydrosilylation
A new concept for a light-gated transition metal catalyst is presented based on a photo-active moiety in the outer ligand sphere of the complex which on irradiation reacts irreversibly with some part of the inner ligand sphere releasing a free coordination site. The principle is exemplified on a platinum complex for the hydrosilylation. It is proven that the catalytic properties of the complex and the properties of the photo-gate can be fine-tuned on the chemical problem independently of each other.
Buchner, Magnus R.,Bechlars, Bettina,Ruhland, Klaus
p. 60 - 67
(2013/10/01)

Catalytic and stoichiometric reactivity of β-silylamido agostic complex of Mo: Intermediacy of a silanimine complex and applications to multicomponent coupling
The reaction of complex (ArN=)2Mo(PMe3)3 (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with PhSiH3 gives the β-agostic NSi-H ...Msilyamido complex (ArNd)Mo(SiH2Ph) (PMe3)- (η3-ArN-SiHPh-H) (3) as the first product. 3 decomposes in the mother liquor to a mixture of hydride compounds, including complex {η3-SiH(Ph)-N(Ar)-SiHPh-H ... }MoH 3(PMe3)3 characterized by NMR. Compound 3 was obtained on preparative scale by reacting (ArN=)2Mo(PMe 3)3 with 2 equiv of PhSiH3 under N2 purging and characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction. Analogous reaction of (Ar′N=)2Mo(PMe3)3 (Ar′ = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) with PhSiH3 affords the nonagostic silylamido derivative (Ar′N=)Mo(SiH2Ph)(PMe3) 2(NAr′{SiH2Ph}) (5) as the first product. 5 decomposes in the mother liquor to a mixture of {η3-PhHSi- N(Ar′)-SiHPh-H ... }MoH3(PMe3)3, (Ar′N=)Mo(H)2(PMe3)2(η2- Ar′N=SiHPh), and other hydride species. Catalytic and stoichiometric reactivity of 3 was studied. Complex 3 undergoes exchange with its minor diastereomer 3′ by an agostic bond-opening/closing mechanism. It also exchanges the classical silyl group with free silane by an associative mechanism which most likely includes dissociation of the Si-H agostic bond followed by the rate-determining silane σ-bond metathesis. However, labeling experiments suggest the possibility of an alternative (minor) pathway in this exchange including a silanimine intermediate. 3 was found to catalyze dehydrogenative coupling of silane, hydrosilylation of carbonyls and nitriles, and dehydrogenative silylation of alcohols and amines. Stoichiometric reactions of 3 with nitriles proceed via intermediate formation of η2- adducts (ArN=)Mo(PMe3)(η2-ArN=SiHPh) (η2-NtCR), followed by an unusual Si-N coupling to give (ArN=)Mo(PMe3)(κ2-NAr-SiHPh-C(R)=N-). Reactions of 3 with carbonyls lead to η2-carbonyl adducts (ArN=) 2Mo(OdCRR0)(PMe3) which were independently prepared by reactions of (ArN=)2Mo(PMe3)3 with the corresponding carbonyl OdCRR′. In the case of reaction with benzaldehyde, the silanimine adduct (ArN=)Mo(PMe3)(η2-ArN=SiHPh)- (η2-O=CHPh) was observed by NMR. Reactions of complex 3 with olefins lead to products of Siag-C coupling, (ArN=)Mo(Et)(PMe 3)(η3-NAr-SiHPh-CH=CH2) (17) and (ArN=)Mo(H)(PMe3)(η3-NAr-SiHPh-CH=CHPh), for ethylene and styrene, respectively. The hydride complex (ArN=)Mo(H)(PMe 3)(η3-NAr-SiHPh-CH=CH2) was obtained from 17 by hydrogenation and reaction with PhSiH3. Mechanistic studies of the latter process revealed an unusual dependence of the rate constant on phosphine concentration, which was explained by competition of two reaction pathways. Reaction of 17 with PhSiH3 in the presence of BPh3 leads to agostic complex (ArN=)Mo(SiH2Ph)(η3-NAr-Si(Et)Ph-H) (η2-CH2=CH2) (24) having the Et substituent at the agostic silicon. Mechanistic studies show that the Et group stems from hydrogenation of the vinyl substituent by silane. Reaction of 24 with PMe 3 gives the agostic complex (ArN=)Mo(SiH2Ph)(PMe 3)(η3-NAr-Si(Et)Ph-H), which slowly reacts with PhSiH3 to furnish silylamide 3 and the hydrosilylation product PhEtSiH2. A mechanism involving silane attack on the imido ligand was proposed to explain this transformation.
Khalimon, Andrey Y.,Simionescu, Razvan,Nikonov, Georgii I.
experimental part
p. 7033 - 7053
(2011/06/25)

Tris(oxazolinyl)boratomagnesium-catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling of organosilanes with amines, hydrazine, and ammonia
We report magnesium-catalyzed cross-dehydrocoupling of Si-H and N-H bonds to give Si-N bonds and H2. A number of silazanes are accessible using this method, as well as silylamines from NH3 and silylhydrazines from N2H4. Kinetic studies of the overall catalytic cycle and a stoichiometric Si-N bond-forming reaction suggest nucleophilic attack by a magnesium amide as the turnover-limiting step.
Dunne, James F.,Neal, Steven R.,Engelkemier, Joshua,Ellern, Arkady,Sadow, Aaron D.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 16782 - 16785
(2011/12/04)

Calcium-centred phosphine oxide reactivity: P-C metathesis, reduction and P-P coupling
Reactions of triphenylphosphine oxide and diphenylphosphine oxide with calcium alkyls and amides in the presence of PhSiH3 occur to give P-C bond cleavage, P(v) to P(iii) reduction and P-P coupling. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Hill, Michael S.,Mahon, Mary F.,Robinson, Thomas P.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 2498 - 2500
(2010/08/13)

Reactions of (Et2NCH2CH2NEt 2)·H2SiCl2 with selected diorganometallic reagents of magnesium and lithium
Addition of the THF-insoluble di-Grignard reagent from 2,2′-dibromo- 4,4′-tert-butylbiphenyl (1) to a solution of [(teeda)·H 2SiCl2] in CH2Cl2/THF produced 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9H-9-silafluorene (3) in isolated, recrystallized yields of 2O, when reacted with [(teeda)·H2SiCl2] in CH2Cl 2/Et2O, gave similar yields of 5,10-dihydro-2,5,8- trimethylphenazasiline (4). In the absence of CH2Cl2 the major product produced from 1 was the spirocycle 2,2′,7,7′-tetra- tert-butyl-9,9′-spirobi[9H-9-silafluorene] both in a solvent-free form (5′) and as an ethanol solvate (5), both of which were crystallographically characterized. The spirocycle 2,2′,5,5′,8, 8′-hexamethyl-5,10-dihydro-10,10-spirobiphenazasiline (6) was formed from the reaction of the dilithio reagent of 2 in the absence of CH 2Cl2.
Corey, Joyce Y.,Trankler, Kevin A.,Braddock-Wilking, Janet,Rath, Nigam P.
experimental part
p. 5708 - 5713
(2011/02/16)

Acceleration of the substitution of silanes with Grignard reagents by using either LiCl or YCl3/MeLi
Getting up to speed: Both LiCl and the YCl3/MeLi catalyst system have an acceleration effect upon the substitution of silanes using Grignard reagents (see scheme). The method provides access to benzyl-, allyl-, and arylsilanes in good yields from the starting silanes.
Hirone, Naoki,Sanjiki, Hiroaki,Tanaka, Ryoichi,Hata, Takeshi,Urabe, Hirokazu
supporting information; experimental part
p. 7762 - 7764
(2010/12/25)

Monomeric and dimeric nickel complexes derived from a pincer ligand featuring a secondary amine donor moiety
Reaction of NiBr2(CH3CN)x with the unsymmetrical pincer ligand m-(i-Pr2PO)(CH2NHBn)C 6H4 (Bn = CH2Ph) gives the complex (R,S)-κP,κC,κN-{2-(i-Pr 2PO),6-(CH2NHBn)-C6H3}Ni IIBr, 1, featuring an asymmetric secondary amine donor moiety. Deprotonation of the latter with methyl lithium gave a dark brown compound that could not be characterized directly, but fully characterized derivatives prepared from this compound indicate that it is the LiBr adduct of the 14-electron amido species [κP,κC, κN-{2-(i-Pr2PO),6-(CH2NBn)-C 6H3}Ni], 2. Thus, 2·LiBr reacts with water to regenerate 1, while reaction with excess benzyl or allyl bromide gave the POCN-type pincer complexes 3 and 4, respectively, featuring tertiary amine donor moieties. On the other hand, heating 2·LiBr at 60 °C led to loss of LiBr and dimerization to generate the orange crystalline compound [μN;κP,κC,κN- {2-(i-Pr2PO),6-(CH2NBn)-C6H3}Ni] 2, 5. Solid state structural studies show that 1, 3, and 4 are monomeric, square planar complexes involving one Ni?N interaction, whereas complex 5 is a C2-symmetric dimer involving four Ni?N interactions and a Ni2N2 core featuring a short Ni?Ni distance (2.51 A). Preliminary reactivity tests have shown that 5 is stable toward weak nucleophiles such as acetonitrile but reacts with strong nucleophiles such as CO or 2,6-Me2(C6H3)NC. Reactions with protic reagents showed that phthalimide appears to break the dimer to generate a monomeric species, whereas alcohols appear to leave the dimer intact, giving rise instead to adducts through N...H...O interactions. These ROH adducts of 5 were found to be active precatalysts for the alchoholysis of acrylonitrile with up to 2000 catalytic turnover numbers.
Spasyuk, Denis M.,Zargarian, Davit
experimental part
p. 6203 - 6213
(2010/08/21)

Alkene hydrosilation by a cationic hydrogen-substituted iridium silylene complex
A cationic hydrogen-substituted iridium silylene complex [(PNP)(H)Ir=Si(Mes)H][B(C6F5)4] (2) was synthesized via hydride abstraction from the corresponding neutral iridium silyl hydride complex. DFT calculations for 2 indicate that the cationic charge is localized at the silicon center and depict a LUMO with predominant silicon p-orbital character. Notably, complex 2 reacts rapidly with unhindered alkenes at ambient temperatures to afford disubstituted silylene complexes via Si-C bond formation. Complex 2 is also the catalyst for alkene hydrosilation of primary silanes with a high degree of anti-Markovnikov selectivity. Copyright
Calimano, Elisa,Tilley, T. Don
supporting information; body text
p. 9226 - 9227
(2009/02/02)

Silyl-directed, iridium-catalyzed ortho-borylation of arenes. A one-pot ortho-borylation of phenols, arylamines, and alkylarenes
The regioselectivity of the borylation of arenes catalyzed by the combination of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbipyridine (dtbpy) and [Ir(cod)Cl]2 has typically been governed by steric effects. We describe a strategy that makes use of a new substituent for ortho-functionalization to overcome this bias. We show that arenes containing hydrosilyl substituents on an atom attached to the arene ring undergo borylation at the position ortho to the hydrosilyl group. Using iridium-catalyzed formation of silyl ethers and silylamines from silanes and either phenols or arylamines, we have developed the ortho-borylation into a one-pot conversion of free phenols and monoprotected anilines into hydroxy- and amino-substituted organoboron derivatives. Copyright
Boebel, Timothy A.,Hartwig, John F.
p. 7534 - 7535
(2008/12/22)

Electrochemical synthesis of symmetrical difunctional disilanes as precursors for organofunctional silanes
Difunctional disilanes of the general type XR2SiSiR2X (1-5) (X = OMe, H; R = Me, Ph, H) have been synthesized by electrolysis of the appropriate chlorosilanes XR2SiCl in an undivided cell with a constant current supply and in the absence of any complexing agent. Reduction potentials of the chlorosilane starting materials derived from cyclic voltammetry measurements were used to rationalize the results of preparative electrolyses. Organofunctional silanes of the general formula MeO(Me 2)SiC6H4Y (6a-c, 7) were subsequently obtained by the reaction of sym-dimethoxytetramethyldisilane (1) with NaOMe in the presence of p-functional aryl bromides BrC6H4Y (Y = OMe, NEt2, NH2).
Grogger, Christa,Loidl, Bernhard,Stueger, Harald,Kammel, Thomas,Pachaly, Bernd
p. 105 - 110
(2007/10/03)

Dehydropolymerization of arylsilanes catalyzed by a novel silylmolybdenum complex
A complex [MoH3[Si(Ph)[Ph2PCH2CH 2P(Ph)C6H4-o]2]] (1) can act as single-component catalyst for dehydrogenative polymerization of ArSiH 2R (Ar = Ph, p-tolyl, o-tolyl; R = H, Me) to (ArSiR)n: p- and o- tolylsilane produced the polymers of respectable molecular weights (MW of 17300 and 6700 respectively) and polymerization of secondary silane, methylphenylsilane, gave a substantial molecular weight (MW of 1750).
Minato, Makoto,Matsumoto, Takaomi,Ichikawa, Miyuki,Ito, Takashi
p. 2968 - 2969
(2007/10/03)

Synthesis of lanthanide(II)-imine complexes and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond transformation
Ytterbium and samarium metals reduced aromatic ketimines to give directly divalent azalanthanacyclopropane complexes 1 quantitatively, the structure of which was characterized by X-ray analysis. The imine complexes 1 catalyzed dehydrogenative silylation of terminal alkynes, hydrosilylation of imines and alkenes, and intermolecular hydrophosphination of alkynes. Moreover, dehydrogenative double silylation of conjugated dienes was achieved with 1.
Takaki, Ken,Komeyama, Kimihiro,Takehira, Katsuomi
p. 10381 - 10395
(2007/10/03)