- Z-Selective phosphine promoted 1,4-reduction of ynoates and propynoic amides in the presence of water
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Phosphine-mediated reductions of substituted propynoic esters and amides in the presence of water yield the partially reduced α,β-unsaturated esters and amides with highZ-selectivity. The competitivein situ ZtoE-isomerization of the product in some cases lowers theZtoEratios of the isolated α,β-unsaturated carbonyl products. Reaction time and the amounts of phosphine and water in the reaction mixture are the key experimental factors which control the selectivity by preventing or reducing the rates ofZ- toE-product isomerization. Close reaction monitoring enables isolation of theZ-alkenes with high selectivities. The computational results suggest that the reactions could be highlyZ-selective owing to the stereoselective formation of theE-P-hydroxyphosphorane intermediate.
- Drikermann, Denis,Kupfer, Stephan,Seifert, Fabian,Steinmetzer, Johannes,Vilotijevic, Ivan,Zi, You
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p. 6092 - 6097
(2021/07/21)
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- NOVEL LXR MODULATORS WITH BICYCLIC CORE MOIETY
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The present invention relates to bicyclic compounds (e.g. indoles) containing a sulfonyl moiety, which bind to the liver X receptor (LXRα and/or LΧΚβ) and act preferably as inverse agonists of LXR.
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Page/Page column 55-56
(2020/01/24)
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- Templating effect of carbon nanoforms on highly cross-linked imidazolium network: Catalytic activity of the resulting hybrids with Pd nanoparticles
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Two different carbon nanoforms (CNFs), namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanohorns (CNHs), have been chosen as support for the direct polymerization of a bis-vinylimidazolium salt. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed a templating effect of the CNFs on the growth of the polymeric network, which perfectly covers their whole surfaces creating a cylindrical or spherical coating for MWCNTs and CNHs, respectively. Subsequently, the CNFs-polyimidazolium have been used as stabilizers for Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs), and the obtained materials have been characterized by means of analytical and spectroscopic techniques and then employed as easily recoverable and recyclable catalysts for Suzuki and Heck reactions. Quantitative conversions have been obtained in almost all the explored reactions, even employing low loading of catalyst (down to 0.007 mol%). Suzuki reactions were carried out in pure water under aerobic conditions. Both materials showed excellent activity and recyclability for the investigated C-C coupling reactions, with the CNHs-based material resulting slightly more active than the MWCNTs-based one due to a higher superficial exposure of Pd NPs.
- Campisciano, Vincenzo,Calabrese, Carla,Liotta, Leonarda Francesca,La Parola, Valeria,Spinella, Alberto,Aprile, Carmela,Gruttadauria, Michelangelo,Giacalone, Francesco
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- Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions of Cinnamate Esters: Generalizing Lewis Acid Catalysis of Triplet Energy Transfer
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We report the enantioselective [2+2] cycloaddition of simple cinnamate esters, the products of which are useful synthons for the controlled assembly of cyclobutane natural products. This method utilizes a cocatalytic system in which a chiral Lewis acid accelerates the transfer of triplet energy from an excited-state Ir(III) photocatalyst to the cinnamate ester. Computational evidence indicates that the principal role of the Lewis acid cocatalyst is to lower the absolute energies of the substrate frontier molecular orbitals, leading to greater electronic coupling between the sensitizer and substrate and increasing the rate of the energy transfer event. These results suggest Lewis acids can have multiple beneficial effects on triplet sensitization reactions, impacting both the thermodynamic driving force and kinetics of Dexter energy transfer.
- Daub, Mary Elisabeth,Jung, Hoimin,Lee, Byung Joo,Won, Joonghee,Baik, Mu-Hyun,Yoon, Tehshik P.
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supporting information
p. 9543 - 9547
(2019/06/24)
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- DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF IN MEDICINE
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Provided herein are a dihydropyrimidine compound and use as a medicament, especially application as a medicament used for treating and preventing hepatitis B. Specifically, provided herein is a compound having Formula (I) or (Ia), or a stereisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a solvate, a metabolite, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, wherein the variables of the formulas are as defined in the specification. Also provided herein is use of the compound having Formula (I) or (Ia), or an enantiomer, a diastereoisomer, a tautomer, a hydrate, a solvate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a medicament, especially use as a medicament for treating and preventing hepatitis B.
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Paragraph 00315
(2019/05/10)
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- Dihydropyridine compound and application thereof to drugs
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The invention relates to a dihydropyridine compound and application of the dihydropyridine compound serving as a drug, in particular to application of the dihydropyridine compound serving as a drug for treating and preventing hepatitis B. Specifically, the invention relates to the compound shown as the general formula (I) or (Ia) (please see the specifications for the general formula (I) or (Ia))or stereoisomers, tautomer, a nitrogen oxide, solvate, metabolites and medically acceptable salt of the compound or a prodrug of the compound, wherein all variables are defined in the specification. The invention further relates to application of the compound shown as the general formula (I) or (Ia) or enantiomers, non-enantiomers, the tautomer, hydrates, the solvate or the medically acceptable salt of the compound serving as drugs, in particular to application of the compound or the enantiomers, the non-enantiomers, the tautomer, the hydrates, the solvate or the medically acceptable salt of the compound serving as the drugs for treating and preventing hepatitis B.
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Paragraph 0796-0799
(2019/05/08)
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- High Loading of Pd Nanoparticles by Interior Functionalization of MOFs for Heterogeneous Catalysis
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In this report, the issue related to nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration upon increasing their loading amount into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been addressed by functionalization of MOFs with alkyne groups. The alkynophilicity of the Pd2+ (or other noble metals) ions has been utilized successfully for significant loading of Pd NPs into alkyne functionalized MOFs. It has been shown here that the size and loading amount of Pd NPs are highly dependent on the surface area and pore width of the MOFs. The loading amount of Pd NPs was increased monotonically without altering their size distribution on a particular MOF. Importantly, the distinct role of alkyne groups for Pd2+ stabilization has also been demonstrated by performing a control experiment considering a MOF without an alkyne moiety. The preparation of NPs involved two distinct steps viz. adsorption of metal ions inside MOFs and reduction of metal ions. Both of these steps were monitored by microscopic techniques. This report also demonstrates the applicability of Pd@MOF NPs as extremely efficient heterogeneous catalysts for Heck-coupling and hydrogenation reactions of aryl bromides or iodides and alkenes, respectively.
- Gole, Bappaditya,Sanyal, Udishnu,Banerjee, Rahul,Mukherjee, Partha Sarathi
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p. 2345 - 2354
(2016/03/19)
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- Compositions containing ionic liquids and their uses, in particular in organic synthesis
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An ionic liquid is used as liquid matrix for organic synthesis in homogeneous phase on soluble support, the ionic liquid being presented in liquid or solid form at ambient temperature, of formula A1+X1?, A1+ representing a cation, functional or non-functional, or a mixture of cations in which either none of the cations is functional or at least one of the cations is functional, and X1? an anion, functional or non-functional, or a mixture of anions in which either none of the anions is functional or at least one of the anions is functional.
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Page/Page column 45; 46; 47
(2016/10/17)
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- Using non-covalent interactions to direct regioselective 2+2 photocycloaddition within a macrocyclic cavitand
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The relative orientation of guests within ternary inclusion complexes is governed by the host-guest and guest-guest supramolecular interactions. Selectivity in 2+2 photocycloaddition between two alkenes included within a macrocyclic cavitand (γ-cyclodextrin) can be controlled using non-covalent interactions. In this manuscript, we report cavitand-mediated control of regioselectivity between alkyl cinnamates using non-covalent interactions. Using this method, we have shown that regioselectivity can be switched completely from a head-to-head dimer to a head-to-tail dimer. The reactions were also stereoselective in most cases. Stoichiometry experiments were performed to explore relative stabilities of the complexes, which indicate that the ternary complex is more stable than others. Selectivity in the photocycloaddition reaction was also applied retrospectively to deduce intermolecular orientations. Time-dependent conversion study we performed indicates that the observed reactivity of alkenes is representative of the intermolecular orientations in the bulk of the complex medium. Experimental observations and computational studies were used to qualitatively understand the complex structures, and relative magnitudes of the weak interactions. The reactions of complexes were studied in slurry form, and the extent of reaction control suggests a solid-state-like behavior.
- Nguyen, Nga,Clements, Aspen Rae,Pattabiraman, Mahesh
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p. 2433 - 2443
(2016/03/19)
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- Scope and Limitation of the Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Wittig Reaction
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We have developed a microwave-assisted catalytic Wittig reaction. In this paper, we give full account of the scope and limitations of this reaction. A screening of various commercially available phosphine oxides as precatalysts revealed Bu3P=O to be the most promising candidate. We tested 10 silanes for the in situ reduction of the phosphine oxide to generate Bu3P as the actual catalyst. Different epoxides were tested as masked bases. In this context, cyclohexene oxide as well as butylene oxide proved to be suitable. The reaction could be carried out at 125 C, but higher yields and E/Z selectivities were obtained at 150 °C. Under the optimised reaction conditions, more than 40 examples for the conversion of various aldehydes into the corresponding alkenes are reported. The products were obtained in yields of up to 88 with high E selectivities. Moreover, we also describe the further screening of several chiral phosphines as catalysts for the microwave-assisted enantioselective catalytic Wittig reaction. The scope and limitations of the microwave-assisted catalytic Wittig reaction have been evaluated with respect to the catalyst, silane, solvent, reaction conditions, and substrates.
- Hoffmann, Marcel,Deshmukh, Sunetra,Werner, Thomas
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p. 4532 - 4543
(2015/07/27)
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- Evidences of release and catch mechanism in the Heck reaction catalyzed by palladium immobilized on highly cross-linked-supported imidazolium salts
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Palladium (10 wt%) on a highly cross-linked imidazolium-based material was used as catalyst in 0.1 mol% in the Heck reaction between several alkenes and aryl iodides. Products were obtained from good to high yields. Deeper investigations showed a release of Pd species in solution and their capture by the imidazolium-based support. When a sixfold amount of support was employed the re-captured Pd species (0.5-0.6 wt%) were not anymore catalytically active. This result represents a new interesting aspect of this work since the highly cross-linked imidazolium-based material can act also as Pd scavenger avoiding the release of the metal in solution. Important differences between Heck and Suzuki reactions have been evidenced when the reactions were carried out in the presence of the scavenging support.
- Pavia, Cinzia,Giacalone, Francesco,Bivona, Lucia Anna,Salvo, Anna Maria Pia,Petrucci, Chiara,Strappaveccia, Giacomo,Vaccaro, Luigi,Aprile, Carmela,Gruttadauria, Michelangelo
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-
- A natural-product switch for a dynamic protein interface
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Small ligands are a powerful way to control the function of protein complexes via dynamic binding interfaces. The classic example is found in gene transcription where small ligands regulate nuclear receptor binding to coactivator proteins via the dynamic activation function 2 (AF2) interface. Current ligands target the ligand-binding pocket side of the AF2. Few ligands are known, which selectively target the coactivator side of the AF2, or which can be selectively switched from one side of the interface to the other. We use NMR spectroscopy and modeling to identify a natural product, which targets the retinoid X receptor (RXR) at both sides of the AF2. We then use chemical synthesis, cellular screening and X-ray co-crystallography to split this dual activity, leading to a potent and molecularly efficient RXR agonist, and a first-of-kind inhibitor selective for the RXR/coactivator interaction. Our findings justify future exploration of natural products at dynamic protein interfaces.
- Scheepstra, Marcel,Nieto, Lidia,Hirsch, Anna K.H.,Fuchs, Sascha,Leysen, Seppe,Lam, Chan Vinh,In Het Panhuis, Leslie,Van Boeckel, Constant A.A.,Wienk, Hans,Boelens, Rolf,Ottmann, Christian,Milroy, Lech-Gustav,Brunsveld, Luc
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supporting information
p. 6443 - 6448
(2014/06/24)
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- Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of allylic bromodifluoroacetates
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The development of new synthetic fluorination reactions has important implications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistries. Given the prevalence and accessibility of alcohols, methods to convert alcohols to trifluoromethanes are desirable. However, this transformation typically requires four-step processes, specialty chemicals, and/or stoichiometric metals to access the trifluoromethyl-containing product. A two-step copper-catalyzed decarboxylative protocol for converting allylic alcohols to trifluoromethanes is reported. Preliminary mechanistic studies distinguish this reaction from previously reported Cu-mediated reactions.
- Ambler, Brett R.,Altman, Ryan A.
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supporting information
p. 5578 - 5581
(2013/11/19)
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- Rhodium-catalyzed double 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to β-aryloxyacrylates involving β-oxygen elimination
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The rhodium-catalyzed addition reaction of arylboronic acids to β-aryloxyacrylates gives 3,3-diarylpropanoates in good yields. The double arylation reaction proceeds via the intermediate cinnamates generated by β-oxygen elimination. Copyright
- Matsuda, Takanori,Shiose, Shigeru,Suda, Yuya
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1923 - 1926
(2011/10/05)
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- Emission wavelength prediction of a full-color-tunable fluorescent core skeleton, 9-aryl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indolizin-3-one
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In this paper we report on a novel fluorescent core skeleton, 9-aryl-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]indolizin-3-one, which we named Seoul-Fluor, having tunable and predictable photophysical properties. Using a concise and practical one-pot synthetic procedure, a 68-member library of new fluorescent compounds was synthesized with diverse substituents. In Seoul-Fluor, the electronic characteristics of the substituents, as well as their positional changes, have a close correlation with their photophysical properties. The systematic perturbation of electronic densities on the specific positions of Seoul-Fluor, guided with the Hammett constant, allows emission wavelength tunability covering the full color range. On the basis of these observations and a computational analysis, we extracted a simple first-order correlation of photophysical properties with the theoretical calculation and accurately predicted the emission wavelength of Seoul-Fluors through the rational design. In this study, we clearly demonstrate that Seoul-Fluor can provide a powerful gateway for the generation of desired fluorescent probes without the need for a tiresome synthesis and trial-and-error process.
- Kim, Eunha,Koh, Minseob,Lim, Byung Joon,Park, Seung Bum
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6642 - 6649
(2011/06/19)
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- Development of a method for preparing a highly reactive and stable, recyclable and environmentally benign organopalladium catalyst supported on sulfur-terminated gallium arsenide(001): A three-component catalyst, {Pd}-S-GaAs(001), and its properties
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We have developed a method for preparing a recyclable and environmentally benign organopalladium catalyst for the Heck reaction supported on sulfur-terminated gallium arsenide(001). This three-component catalyst, {Pd}-S-GaAs(001), exhibited high stability and activity, furthermore, it tolerated reuse in 10 runs of the Heck reaction (average yield, 97%) under aerobic conditions. The sulfur layer was very important to stabilize this catalyst. Only trace amounts of Pd were leached from this catalyst to the reaction mixture, as measured by ICP-mass. The valence of immobilized Pd was zero by XPS spectrometry.
- Arisawa, Mitsuhiro,Hamada, Masahiro,Takamiya, Ikuko,Shimoda, Masahiko,Tsukamoto, Shiro,Arakawa, Yasuhiko,Nishida, Atsushi
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p. 1063 - 1070
(2007/10/03)
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- A highly stereospecific synthesis of (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters
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CrCl2-induced olefination of aldehydes using methyl dichloroacetate exclusively generates (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters in excellent yields. The intermediate α-chloro-β-hydroxy adducts could also be isolated in good yields under conditions of limited reagent.
- Barma, Deb K.,Kundu, Asish,Bandyopadhyay, Anish,Kundu, Abhijit,Sangras, Bhavani,Briot, Anne,Mioskowski, Charles,Falck
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p. 5917 - 5920
(2007/10/03)
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- Anilide derivative, production and use thereof
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This invention is to provide a compound of the formula: wherein R1 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered ring: C is a divalent group of the formula: wherein the ring A is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered aromatic ring, X is an optionally substituted C, N or O atom, and the ring B is an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered ring; Z is a chemical bond or a divalent group; R2 is (1) an optionally substituted amino group in which a nitrogen atom may form a quaternary ammonium, etc., or a salt thereof, which is useful for antagonizing MCP-1 receptor.
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- Aminoisoquinolines and aminotheinopyridine derivatives and their use as anti-inflammatory agents
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PCT No. PCT/SE97/00589 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 19, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 19, 1997 PCT Filed Apr. 9, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/38977 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 23, 1997Compounds of formula I wherein R, R1, R2, and R3 and A are as defined herein, together with pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers or tautomers are useful as pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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- Prostaglandin analogs
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Thromboxane receptor antagonist activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 wherein: V is --(CH 2) m --, --O--, or STR2 but if V is --O--or STR3 R 3 and R 4 must complete an aromatic ring; W is --(CH 2) 2 --, --CH CH-- or phenylene;X is a single bond, --CH CH--, --(CH 2) n --, or --O--(CH 2) n --; or X is branched alkylene or --O--branched alkylene wherein W is linked to Y through a chain n carbon atoms long;Y is --CO 2 H, --CO 2 alkyl, --CO 2 alkali metal, --CH 2 OH, --CONHSO 2 R 5, --CONHR 6, or --CH 2 -5-tetrazolyl;Z is O or NH;R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl or R 3 and R 4 together complete a ring optionally substituted through a ring carbon with a halo, lower alkyl, phenyl, halo (lower alkyl), halophenyl, oxo or hydroxyl group; and the remaining symbols are as defined in the specification.
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- Process for preparing N-benzyl indoles
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A process for producing a compound of the formu5la STR1 comprising the step of reacting a compound of the formula STR2 with a compound of the formula STR3 to form a compound of the formula STR4 wherein R2a is selected from the groups recited ab
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- Novel compounds
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A compound of formula (I): STR1 or a salt, ester or amide thereof, in which Y is a group --O(CH2)m --, --(CH2)m -- or --CH=CH-- where m is an integer of from 1 to 5 n is an integer of from 4 to 14 X represents a double or triple bond, and each of A and B represents hydrogen when X is a double bond, or both A and B are absent when X is a triple bond, is useful in the treatment of allergic diseases.
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