- Quinone Compound-Graphene Composite Material, Preparation Method Thereof, and Flexible Lithium Secondary Battery
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A quinone compound-graphene composite material, including quinone compound and graphene, where the quinone compound is chemically bonded on the surface of the graphene, and the quinone compound is quinone compound monomer or quinone polymer. The quinone compound-graphene composite material has high energy density, high flexibility, high conductivity, and high stability, and can be used as cathode material for preparing flexible electrode. Additionally, a preparation method of quinone compound-graphene composite material, and flexible lithium secondary battery uses the quinone compound-graphene composite material as cathode active material.
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Paragraph 0075
(2016/11/07)
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- An efficient procedure for the preparation of 1-nitroanthraquinone
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A novel and efficient method is developed for the selective mono nitration of anthraquinone (1). A mixture of fuming nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in carbon tetrachloride is introduced as a new nitrating system for the high yield preparation of 1-nitroanthraquinone.
- Sharghi,Tamaddon
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p. 2349 - 2359
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for obtaining 1,5-dinitro-anthraquinone of high purity
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The invention relates to a process for obtaining 1,5-dinitro-anthraquinone of high purity from crude mixtures of dinitro-anthraquinones. Said mixture is treated at a temperature ranging from 150° C. to 200° C. with an ester having a boiling point greater than 150° C. derived from an aliphatic alcohol containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a mono- or di-carboxylic acid or phosphoric acid, and then, after possible cooling without the temperature falling below 150° C., separating the insoluble material consisting essentially of 1,5-dinitro-anthraquinone.
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- Process for preparing dinitroanthraquinones
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A process for preparing 1,5- and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinones having high purity by reacting anthraquinone and nitric acid and sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid being used in an amount of less than that of said nitric acid, and a method of separating the resulting 1,5-and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone mixture into each component by using nitrobenzene and/or nitrotoluene.
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- Separation of 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone
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A process for separating 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone by heating a dinitroanthraquinone mixture, in a mixture of from 5 to 85 per cent by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and from 95 to 15 per cent by weight of an organic liquid which boils at from 80° to 210° C and is miscible in all proportions with N-methylpyrrolidone, at from 60° to 180° C, and separating off the undissolved material, at the extraction temperature, after the solution equilibrium has been reached. The insoluble material contains more than 85 per cent by weight, and as a rule more than 90 per cent by weight, of 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone. From the extract, it is possible to isolate the dissolved 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone together with the dissolved 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and any byproducts which may be present.
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- Process for producing 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone
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Substantially pure 1,5- and/or 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone is recovered from dinitration mixtures which may contain sulfuric acid or a perfluoralkane sulfonic acid by adjusting the nitric acid concentration in the nitration mixture to a value of 91 to 96% for a ratio by weight of nitric acid to solids of from 2.5 : 1 to 10 : 1; separating off the insoluble crude 1,5-dinitroanthranthraquinone at 15° to 50°C; taking up the 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone with 90 to 100% nitric acid in a ratio by weight of nitric acid to solids of from 0.5 : 1 to 3.5 : 1; stirring at 15° to 80° C; separating off the insoluble pure 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone thus obtained; adjusting the mother liquid left following separation of the crude 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone to a nitric acid concentration of from 88 to 94% for a ratio by weight of nitric acid to solids of from 3.0 : 1 to 12 : 1, with the proviso that the nitric acid concentration is at least 1.5% lower than in the preceding separation of crude 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone; and separating off the pure 1,8-dinitroanthraquinone obtained in this way at a temperature in the range of from 20° to 50°C and freeing it from the nitric acid adhering thereto.
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- Preparation of pure 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone
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A mixture of dinitroanthraquinones of which at least 35% is 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone is dissolved at elevated temperature in a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, a carboxylic acid nitrile or a cyclic sulphone and is thereafter cooled selectively to precipitate substantially pure 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone. Preferred solvents are 1-chloronaphthalene, sulpholane and adipic acid dinitrile. The temperature of dissolution ranges from about 120° C up to the boiling point and cooling is by about 10° to 200° C to a temperature not below about 0° C.
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