- Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of hexyl-esters derivatives of gallic acid against MCF-7 cell line
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Gallic acid is found in many plants, fruits, and foods where the anti-cancer activity is found. However, gallic acid has a problem on the high polarity and low bio availability. So, it takes molecular modifications in order to increase its lipophilicity, which is expected to increase bio availability and cytotoxic activity of gallic acid. Hexyl esters derivatives of gallic acid were synthesized and characterized by spectrometer 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry and infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). All compounds were then evaluated for cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cell line using MTT method. Compound cis-2′-hexenyl-3,4,5-trimethoxygallate (19) had the lowest IC50 value compared with gallic acid and other derivatives hexyl esters. IC50 value of cis-2′-hexenyl-3,4,5-trimethoxygallate (19) is 14.48 μg/ml. Compound (19) also has approached with IC50 values of gossypol as a positive control. Compound (19) is a potential compound to inhibit growth of MCF-7 cell line.
- Paramita, Rafika Indah,Arsianti, Ade,Radji, Maksum
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p. 295 - 300
(2018/03/21)
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- Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial activity of alkyl esters of gallate as a growth inhibitor of plasmodium falciparum
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This study is aimed to synthesize alkyl esters gallate and determine its in vitro antimalarial activity against parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Fourteen compounds of alkyl esters gallate were synthesized by esterification of the carboxyl group of gallic acid with a series of alkyl alcohols, as well as methoxylation of the hydroxy groups on the aromatic ring of gallic acid. Antimalarial activity of the synthesized alkyl esters gallate were expressed by IC50 value, with gallic acid as an original compound and artemisin as a positive control. Compared to gallic acid, eleven synthesized compounds of alkyl esters gallate, have a greater antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. On the other hand, three compounds, that are propyl gallate, butyl gallate and trimethoxy methyl gallate, showed a lower antimalarial activity. Moreover, compared to gallic acid (IC50: 194.86 mM) and artemisin (IC50: 0.5 mM), two synthesized compounds of alkyl gallates, namely methyl gallate and hexyl gallate exhibited the stronger antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 value of 0.03 mM and 0.11 mM, respectively. Our result clearly demonstrated that methyl gallate and hexyl gallate as a promising candidate for the new antimalarial agents.
- Arsianti, Ade,Astuty, Hendri,Fadilah,Simadibrata, Daniel Martin,Adyasa, Zoya Marie,Amartya, Daniel,Bahtiar, Anton,Tanimoto, Hiroki,Kakiuchi, Kiyomi
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p. 655 - 662
(2018/05/28)
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- Sulfoximine-Assisted One-Pot Unsymmetrical Multiple Annulation of Arenes: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
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Discussed herein is an unprecedented Ru-catalyzed one-pot unsymmetrical C-H difunctionalization of arenes comprising intramolecular hydroarylation of olefins and intermolecular annulation of alkynes. This unprecedented 2-fold C-H functionalization is validated on the basis of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) study. The transformation readily occurs with the assistance of methylphenyl sulfoximine (MPS) directing group in the presence of Ru catalyst forming two C-C and one C-N bonds in a single operation. The overall process is atom economical and step-efficient and provides unusual dihydrofuran-fused isoquinolone heterocycles. Further annulation of NH and the proximal o-C-H-arene of isoquinolone with alkynes build highly conjugated novel polycyclic compounds. Overall, three independent annulations in arene motifs are visualized and thoughtfully executed; finally, 5 ring-fused structural entities are constructed forming three C-C and two C-N bonds.
- Ghosh, Koushik,Shankar, Majji,Rit, Raja K.,Dubey, Gurudutt,Bharatam, Prasad V.,Sahoo, Akhila K.
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supporting information
p. 9667 - 9681
(2018/09/18)
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- A Regio- and Diastereoselective Anodic Aryl–Aryl Coupling in the Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (?)-Thebaine
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The biosynthesis of thebaine is based on the regioselective, intramolecular, oxidative coupling of (R)-reticuline. For decades, chemists have sought to mimic this coupling by using stoichiometric oxidants. However, all approaches to date have suffered from low yields or the formation of undesired regioisomers. Electrochemistry would represent a sustainable alternative in this respect but all attempts to accomplish an electrochemical synthesis of thebaine have failed so far. Herein, a regio- and diastereoselective anodic coupling of 3′,4′,5′-trioxygenated laudanosine derivatives is presented, which finally enables electrochemical access to (?)-thebaine.
- Lipp, Alexander,Ferenc, Dorota,Gütz, Christoph,Geffe, Mario,Vierengel, Nina,Schollmeyer, Dieter,Sch?fer, Hans J.,Waldvogel, Siegfried R.,Opatz, Till
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supporting information
p. 11055 - 11059
(2018/08/21)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation and One-Pot Twofold Unsymmetrical C?H Functionalization of Arenes
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A methyl phenyl sulfoximine (MPS) is used as a directing group in the ruthenium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of alkene-tethered benzoic acid derivatives to afford dihydrobenzofurans and indolines in good to excellent yields. A one-pot, unsymmetrical, twofold C?H functionalization involving intramolecular C?C and intermolecular C?C/C?N bond formations is successfully demonstrated by using a single set of catalytic reaction conditions, which is unprecedented thus far. A novel isoquinolone-bearing dihydrobenzofuran is constructed through an unsymmetrical twofold C?H functionalization.
- Ghosh, Koushik,Ramesh, E.,Rit, Raja K.,Sahoo, Akhila K.
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supporting information
p. 7821 - 7825
(2016/07/07)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenstatin metabolites
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Previous investigations on the incubation of phenstatin with rat and human microsomal fractions revealed the formation of nine main metabolites. The structures of eight of these metabolites have been now confirmed by synthesis and their biological properties have been reported. Eaton's reagent was utilized as a convenient condensing agent, allowing, among others, a simple multigram scale preparation of phenstatin. Synthesized metabolites and related compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel, and for their effect on microtubule assembly. Metabolite 23 (2′-methoxyphenstatin) exhibited the most potent in vitro cytotoxic activity: inhibition of the growth of K-562, NCI-H322M, NCI-H522, KM12, M14, MDA-MB-435, NCI/ADR-RES, and HS 578T cell lines with GI50 values 50 = 3.2 μM vs 15.0 μM) and induced G2/M arrest in murine leukemia DA1-3b cells. The identification of this active metabolite led to the design and synthesis of analogs with potent in vitro cytotoxicity and inhibition of microtubule assembly.
- Ghinet, Alina,Rigo, Beno?t,Hénichart, Jean-Pierre,Le Broc-Ryckewaert, Delphine,Pommery, Jean,Pommery, Nicole,Thuru, Xavier,Quesnel, Bruno,Gautret, Philippe
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6042 - 6054
(2011/11/29)
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- Synthesis and anti-platelet activity of obovatol derivatives
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Obovatol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-platelet activity. Three derivatives (1, 2, 4i) displayed equipotent activity to obovatol in arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. An initial SAR study revealed that the introduction of alkoxy group in B ring could enhance inhibitory activity.
- Kwak, Jae-Hwan,Lee, Seul,Park, Eun-Seok,In, Jin-Kyung,Song, Jiho,Kim, Young Jin,Choi, Nam Song,Lee, Heesoon,Yun, Yeo-Pyo,Hong, Jin Tae,Kwak, Young-Shin,Min, Kyung Hoon,Jung, Jae-Kyung
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experimental part
p. 1107 - 1112
(2012/08/07)
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- Intramolecular biaryl coupling reaction of benzyl benzoate and phenyl benzoate derivatives, and its application to the formal synthesis of (-)-steganone
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Construction of the biaryl moiety of stegane and related compounds through an intramolecular biaryl coupling reaction is described. Undesired products were obtained by the intramolecular coupling reaction of benzyl benzoates (8, 13, and 14) because of the
- Takeda, Shigemitsu,Abe, Hitoshi,Takeuchi, Yasuo,Harayama, Takashi
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p. 396 - 408
(2007/10/03)
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- Structural requirements for factor Xa inhibition by 3-oxybenzamides with neutral P1 substituents: Combining X-ray crystallography, 3D-QSAR, and tailored scoring functions
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The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of 3-oxybenzamides as potent inhibitors of the coagulation protease factor Xa are described on the basis of X-ray structures, privileged structure motifs, and SAR information. A total of six X-ray structures of fXa/inhibitor complexes led us to identify the major protein-ligand interactions. The binding mode is characterized by a lipophilic dichlorophenyl substituent interacting with Tyr228 in the protease S1 pocket, while polar parts are accommodated in S4. This alignment in combination with docking allowed derivation of 3D-QSAR models and tailored scoring functions to rationalize biological affinity and provide guidelines for optimization. The resulting models showed good correlation coefficients and predictions of external test sets. Furthermore, they correspond to binding site topologies in terms of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic complementarity. Two approaches to derive tailored scoring functions combining binding site and ligand information led to predictive models with acceptable predictions of the external set. Good correlations to experimental affinities were obtained for both AFMoC (adaptation of fields for molecular comparison) and the novel TScore function. The SAR information from 3D-QSAR and tailored scoring functions agrees with all experimental data and provides guidelines and reasonable activity estimations for novel fXa inhibitors.
- Matter, Hans,Will, David W.,Nazaré, Marc,Schreuder, Herman,Laux, Volker,Wehner, Volkmar
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p. 3290 - 3312
(2007/10/03)
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- Multi-functionalization of gallic acid towards improved synthesis of α- and β-DDB
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The synthesis of mono-, di- and trisubstituted gallic acids and their ester with similar or different groups including different acetal and ketals is described. Regioselective bromination on two ortho-positions of methyl gallate, which is very crucial for many organic syntheses, was achieved in high yield and purity. The α- and β-DDB were synthesized in high overall yield and purity from the regioselective bromoderivatives.
- Alam, Ashraful,Takaguchi, Yutaka,Ito, Hideyuki,Yoshida, Takashi,Tsuboi, Sadao
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p. 1909 - 1918
(2007/10/03)
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- Inhibitors of factor Xa and factor VIIa
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The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I,R0-Q-X-Q'-W-U-V-G-M in which Q; X; Q', U, V, G and M have the meanings indicated in the claims; R0 is aryl or heteroaryl; and W is selected from aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups. The compounds of the formula I are valuable pharmacologically active compounds. They exhibit a strong antithrombotic effect and are suitable, for example, for the therapy and prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders like thromboembolic diseases or restenoses. They are reversible inhibitors of the blood clotting enzymes factor Xa(FXa) and/or factor VIIa(FVIIa), and can in general be applied in conditions in which an undesired activity of factor Xa and/or factor VIIa is present or for the cure or prevention of which an inhibition of factor Xa and/or factor VIIa is intended. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of the formula I, their use, in particular as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical preparations comprising them.
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- New oxybenzamide derivatives useful for inhibiting factor Xa or VIIa
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The present invention relates to compounds comprising the following formula: R0—Q—X—Q′—W—U—V—G—M??(I) These compounds are useful as pharmacologically active compounds. They exhibit an antithrombotic effect and are suitable, for example, for the therapy and prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders such as thromboembolic diseases or restenoses. These compounds are reversible inhibitors of the blood clotting enzymes factor Xa (FXa) and/or factor VIIa (FVIIa), and can generally be used to treat, prevent, or cure conditions in which an undesired activity of factor Xa and/or factor VIIa is present, or where inhibition of factor Xa and/or factor VIIa is intended. The invention further relates to processes for the preparation of these compounds, methods of their use (e.g., as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals), and pharmaceutical preparations comprising them.
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- Total Syntheses of the Metabolites of Schizandrin
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The total syntheses of the metabolites of schizandrin were achieved.The tetracyclic lactone intermediates (13a-e) were prepared in optically pure form by the oxidative coupling reaction of the corresponding 3-benzyl-2-benzylidenebutyrolactones.Mukaiyama hydration of 13b afforded hydroxylactone (14), which was converted into SZ-M3 (4).The introduction of C6,7-diol moiety, which is common to the metabolites (4-11), was carried out by the successive double bond migration to 15a-e, lactone ring reduction ot the allylic diols (32a-e), and glycol formation.Then, reduction of the mesylates 33 completed the syntheses of the metabolites.
- Tanaka, Masahide,Ikeya, Yukinobu,Mitsuhashi, Hiroshi,Maruno, Masao,Wakamatsu, Takeshi
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p. 11703 - 11724
(2007/10/02)
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- Polycyclic compounds, their preparation and their use as phosphodiesterases inhibitors
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Polycyclic compounds (I) can be prepared in accordance with the following reaction formula: wherein R1-R8 each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyloxy group or neighb
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- Process for the preparation of polycyclic compounds using ferric perchlorate and acid trifluoroacidic
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Polycyclic compounds (I) can be prepared in accordance with the following reaction formula: STR1 wherein R1 -R8 each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyloxy group or
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- ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS FROM CERCIDIPHYLLUM JAPONICUM
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A novel antimicrobial compound, cercidin was isolated from leaves of Cercidiphyllum japonicum.It has a benzodioxane ring which could be biosynthesized from maltol and gallic acid. Key Word Index: Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Cercidiphyllaceae; cercidin; antimicrobial compound.
- Tada, Masahiro,Sakurai, Kohji
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p. 1119 - 1120
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of Perrottetin F and G, Two Linear Bis(bibenzyl) Ethers from Radula perrottetii.
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Perrottetin F and G, two acyclic bis(bibenzyls) with an ether linkage were synthesized using Ulmann and Wittig reactions. - Keywords: Bis(bibenzyl) ether / Perrottetins / Radula perrottetii
- Mezey-Vandor, Gabriella,Nogradi, M.,Novikov, V. P.,Wiszt, A.,Kajtar-Peredy, Maria
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p. 401 - 404
(2007/10/02)
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- Tannins and Related Compounds. Part 28. Revision of the Structures of Sanguiins H-6, H-2 and H-3, and Isolation and Characterization of Sanguiin H-11, a Novel Tetrameric Hydrolysable Tannin and Seven Related Tannins, from Sanguisorba officinalis
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The isolation and characterization of one tetrameric, three dimeric and four monomeric hydrolysable tannins from the underground parts of Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae) are reported.The tetrameric and dimeric tannins contain both hexahydroxydiphenoyl and sanguisorboyl ester group(s) attached to the 2,3- and/or 4,6-positions in the α- and β-glucopyranose rings with the 4C1 conformation.The monomeric tannins are related to these tannins in that they contain either a hexahydroxydiphenoyl or sanguisorboyl ester group similarly bonded to the 4C1 glucopyranose moiety.The absence of a trimeric hydrolysable tannin suggests that the tetrameric tannin may be derived biosynthetically from two moles of sanguiin H-6 by a C-O oxidative coupling.A revision of the structures of sanguiins H-6, H-2 and H-3 isolated previously from the same plant source is also described.
- Tanaka, Takashi,Nonaka, Gen-ichiro,Nishioka, Itsuo
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p. 2001 - 2029
(2007/10/02)
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