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2,3-Dinorprostaglandins (dinor-PGs) have been regarded as β-oxidation products of arachidonic-acid-derived prostaglandins, but their biological activities in mammalian cells remain unclear. On the other hand, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such

A method of treating glaucoma or ocular hypertension in a patient, which comprises administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:

A method of treating glaucoma or ocular hypertension in a patient, which comprises administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:

Total synthesis of prostaglandin F(2α) utilizing a nickel(0)-catalyzed cyclization of 1,3-diene and tethered aldehyde was achieved. The cyclization proceeded via a transmetalation of nickelacycle with dilsobutylaluminum acetylacetonate ((i)Bu2-ALAC). Thus, the reaction of 19, having a side chain corresponding to the α-chain in PGF(2α) with Ni(cod)2 (10 mol %), PPh3 (20 mol %), and 1,3-cyclohexadiene (25 mol %) in the presence of (i)Bu2-ALAC (1.5 eq) proceeded stereoselectively to give the cyclized product 26 in 54% yield. During the cyclization of 19, the Z-olefin at C-5 in the side chain completely retained its geometry, and the four contiguous chiral carbon centers in PGF(2α) were stereoselectively constructed. Transformation of the key intermediate 19 into PGF(2α) was successfully achieved.

A novel analog of prostaglandin F(2α) [AL-8810; (5Z, 13E)-(9S,11S,15R)- 9,15-dihydroxy-11-fluoro-15-(2-indanyl)-16,17, 18,19,20-pentanor-5,13- prostadienoic acid] has been discovered with uniquely low efficacy (E(max)) at the endogenous prostaglandin F(2α) receptors (FP receptors) of A7r5 rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells and Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, as assayed by stimulation of phospholipase C activity. AL-8810 has weak agonist potency (EC50) of 261 ± 44 nM (n = 3) and E(max) = 19% (relative to the full FP receptor agonist cloprostenol) in A7r5 cells and EC50 of 186 ± 63 nM (n = 3) and E(max) = 23% in 3T3 fibroblasts. AL-8810 exhibited properties of an apparent competitive antagonist, i.e., produced parallel dextral shifts of the agonist concentration-response curves and no significant suppression of the maximal agonist-induced response, when the potent, selective FP receptor agonist fluprostenol was used. The inhibition parameters of AL-8810 were: pA2 = 6.68 ± 0.23 and 6.34 ± 0.09 (n = 3-4) for A7r5 cells and 3T3 cells, respectively, with Schild slopes ranging from 0.80 to 0.92. AL-8810 concentration-dependently antagonized the response to 100 nM fluprostenol (K(i) = 426 ± 63 nM; n = 5) in A7r5 cells. However, even at 10 μM concentration, AL-8810 did not significantly inhibit functional responses of TP, DP, EP2, EP4, receptor subtypes in various cell lines. AL-8810 also did not antagonize the phospholipase C-coupled V1-vasopressin receptor in A7r5 cells. These results suggest that AL-8810 is a unique, selective antagonist at the FP receptor, a heretofore unavailable pharmacological tool that should be valuable for studying FP receptor-mediated functional responses in complex biological systems.

(1R,4S,5R)-9(4,5-Bishydroxymethylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl)-9H-adenine [(-)-BCA] has been synthesized from (-)-Corey lactone in 11 steps and shown to have potent and selective effects against human immmunodeficiency virus type 1. The result demonstrated that th

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