- Engineering Nanoparticulate Organic Photocatalysts via a Scalable Flash Nanoprecipitation Process for Efficient Hydrogen Production
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Directly converting sunlight into hydrogen fuels using particulate photocatalysts represents a sustainable route for clean energy supply. Organic semiconductors have emerged as attractive candidates but always suffer from optical and exciton recombination losses with large exciton “dead zone” inside the bulk material, severely limiting the catalytic performance. Herein, we demonstrate a facile strategy that combines a scalable flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method with hydrophilic soluble polymers (PC-PEG5 and PS-PEG5) to prepare highly efficient nanosized photocatalysts without using surfactants. Significantly, a 70-fold enhancement of hydrogen evolution rate (HER) is achieved for nanosized PC-PEG5, and the FNP-processed PS-PEG5 shows a peak HER rate of up to 37.2 mmol h?1 g?1 under full-spectrum sunlight irradiation, which is among the highest results for polymer photocatalysts. A scaling-up production of nanocatalyst is demonstrated with the continuously operational FNP.
- Guo, Zhiqian,Wu, Yongzhen,Yu, Miaojie,Zhang, Weiwei,Zhu, Weihong
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p. 15590 - 15597
(2021/06/07)
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- OLIGOMER-ANTIHISTAMINE CONJUGATES
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The invention provides antihistamine drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer. A conjugate of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits characteristics that are different from the characteristics of the antihistamine drug not attached to the water-soluble oligomer.
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Page/Page column 41
(2008/12/07)
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- Chemically modified small molecules
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The invention provides small molecule drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer obtained from a monodisperse or bimodal water-soluble oligomer composition. A conjugate of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits a reduced biological membrane crossing rate as compared to the biological membrane crossing rate of the small molecule drug not attached to the water-soluble oligomer.
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Page/Page column 25-26
(2010/02/12)
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