- Extending π-conjugation system with benzene: An effective method to improve the properties of benzodithiophene-based polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells
-
To obtain a polymer based on benzodithiophene (BDT) owning both a largely extended π-conjugation system and a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), a polymer (PBDTBzT-DTffBT) containing benzothienyl-substituted BDT is designed and synthesized. Compared with the polymer (PBDTT-DTffBT) based on thienyl-substituted BDT, PBDTBzT-DTffBT exhibits better thermal stabilities, red-shifted absorption spectra, and stronger intermolecular interactions. The HOMO and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in PBDTBzT-DTffBT are decreased by 0.11 and 0.13 eV, respectively, which should be attributed to the contribution of the electron-withdrawing group benzene. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PBDTBzT-DTffBT and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.30% with a large open-circuit voltage of 0.90 V under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2). The PCE is 36% higher than that of the PSCs derived from PBDTT-DTffBT. These findings provide a new approach to design high-performance conjugated polymers for efficient solution-processed PSCs.
- Wang, Jiuxing,Xiao, Manjun,Chen, Weichao,Qiu, Meng,Du, Zhengkun,Zhu, Weiguo,Wen, Shuguang,Wang, Ning,Yang, Renqiang
-
-
Read Online
- A dinuclear porphyrin-macrocycle as efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
-
We report an unprecedented dinuclear catalyst for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A macrocyclic porphyrin complex comprising two nickel centres connected via redox mediating linker molecules gives rise to efficient catalysis, significantly outperforming a mononuclear reference catalyst. This journal is
- J?kel, Julia,Schwer, Fabian,Von Delius, Max,Apfel, Ulf-Peter
-
supporting information
p. 14179 - 14182
(2020/11/24)
-
- Naphthalimide end-capped diphenylacetylene a versatile organic semiconductor for blue light emitting diodes and a donor or an acceptor for solar cells
-
A novel compound 6,6′-(ethyne-1,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(2-(2-butyloctyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione) (NAI-PVP-NAI) based on an end capping group 1,8-naphthalimide and central building block diphenylacetylene was designed and synthesized b
- Do, Thu-Trang,Chavhan, Sudam,Subbiah, Jegadesan,Ou, Tsu-Hao,Manzhos, Sergei,Jones, David,Bell, John M.,Jou, Jwo-Huei,Sonar, Prashant
-
p. 9243 - 9254
(2019/06/17)
-
- Preparation method and application of bifurcated halogenated alkyl chain compounds
-
The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of bifurcated halogenated alkyl chain compounds. The method comprises the following steps: reacting bromoalkane with dimethyl malonate to obtain single-branch dimethyl malonate; reacting bromoalkane with the obtained single-branch dimethyl malonate to obtain two-branch dimethyl malonate; carrying out selective hydrolysis decarboxylation on the two-branch dimethyl malonate to obtain a hydrolysate; reducing the hydrolysate to obtain primary alcohol; carrying out a bromination reaction on the primary alcohol to obtain a brominated product; reacting the brominated product with ethylene oxide to obtain carbon chain-extended primary alcohol compounds; and carrying out a halogenation reaction on the carbon chain-extended primary alcohol compounds to obtain the bifurcated halogenated alkyl chain compounds with R being a corresponding halogen atom. The method has the advantages of low cost, high yield, simplicity in operation, andeasiness in realization of industrialization. Alkyl chains with different bifurcated lengths are introduced to an organic conjugated polymer, so the pi-pi piling distance between polymers is effectively reduced, the mobility of the polymer is improved.
- -
-
-
- 9-Fluorenone and 9,10-anthraquinone potential fused aromatic building blocks to synthesize electron acceptors for organic solar cells
-
In this work, for the first time we used two novel fused aromatic conjugated electron withdrawing moieties 9-fluorenone and 9,10-anthraquinone, respectively, to design two non-fullerene acceptors and evaluated their viability in solution-processable organic solar cells (OSCs). 9-Fluorenone and 9,10-anthraquinone were used as core electron withdrawing blocks in combination with another common strong electron accepting diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) end-capping group. The compounds 6,6′-(5,5′-(9-oxo-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione) (DPP-FN-DPP) and 6,6′-(5,5′-(9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,6-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione) (DPP-ANQ-DPP) were synthesized via a Suzuki coupling reaction and characterized completely. The new acceptors exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents and good thermal stability with 5% weight loss above 360 °C. DPP-FN-DPP and DPP-ANQ-DPP possess a broad absorption band at 300-700 nm with optical band-gaps of 1.75 and 1.71 eV, respectively. The use of different core acceptor building blocks resulted in a difference in LUMO and HOMO energy levels. Inverted OSC devices employing P3HT as the donor polymer and DPP-FN-DPP and DPP-ANQ-DPP as acceptors yielded quite high open-circuit voltages (VOC) of 0.85-0.98 V, benefiting from the relatively low-lying LUMO energy levels of the two acceptors. Among both, OSC devices based on DPP-FN-DPP as acceptor exhibits the highest performance with a VOC of 0.97 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 3.2 mA cm-2, a fill factor (FF) of 37%, and an overall power conversion efficiency of 1.2%.
- Do, Thu Trang,Rundel, Kira,Gu, Qinying,Gann, Eliot,Manzhos, Sergei,Feron, Krishna,Bell, John,McNeill, Christopher R.,Sonar, Prashant
-
p. 2899 - 2909
(2017/04/14)
-
- AN ELECTRON-DONATING UNIT, A COPOLYMER THEREOF AND THEIR PREPARATION METHODS, AS WELL AS THEIR USES
-
An electron-donating unit of the Formula, a copolymer thereof and their preparation methods, as well as their uses in thin-film transistor or polymer solar cell. The electron-donating unit is an effective building block for constructing high-performance polymer semiconductors due to its solubilizing ability, centrosymmetric geometry, backbone planarity, compact packing, and appropriate electron donating ability versus the previously reported BTOR and DTP units.
- -
-
Page/Page column 44; 45
(2017/09/27)
-
- Positional effects of fluorination in conjugated side chains on photovoltaic properties of donor-acceptor copolymers
-
The position at which conjugated side chains were fluorinated, the meta- or ortho-position in phenyl side chains, was varied to investigate the positional effects of fluorination on the energy levels, crystalline ordering, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers. The fluorine in the ortho-position achieved a lower HOMO energy level than that in the meta-position, but reduced the chain rigidity.
- Shin, Jisoo,Kim, Min,Lee, Jaewon,Kim, Heung Gyu,Hwang, Hyeongjin,Cho, Kilwon
-
supporting information
p. 1176 - 1179
(2017/01/29)
-
- Naphthalene-Functionalized, Photoluminescent Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Bearing Small Counterions
-
Obtaining π-conjugated room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is difficult because of the relatively strong π-π interaction among the π-moieties. Existing strategies by using bulky counterions greatly hindered further property optimization and potential applications of these intriguing functional fluids through simple ion exchange. Herein, four naphthalene-functionalized, π-conjugated RTILs with small counterions (Br-) have been facilely synthesized with high yields. Our strategy is to attach branched alkyl chains to the cationic backbone of the target compounds (2 a-d), which effectively tune inter- and intramolecular interactions. Compounds 2 a-d have satisfactory thermal stability (up to 300 °C) and low melting points (-19 °C). Rheological measurements revealed the fluid character of 2 a-d, whose viscosity decrease with the increase of the alkyl chain length and temperature. The presence of the π-conjugated naphthalene moiety imparts 2 a-d photoluminescent properties in bulk solutions. Moreover, the absence of strong π-π stacking among the naphthalene units in solvent-free states enables them to be used as a new generation of photoluminescent inks.
- Zhu, Hongxia,Zhang, Geping,Chen, Mengjun,Zhou, Shengju,Li, Guihua,Wang, Xiaolin,Zhu, Qingzeng,Li, Hongguang,Hao, Jingcheng
-
supporting information
p. 6286 - 6293
(2016/05/09)
-
- Messenger RNA for the delivery composition and method (by machine translation)
-
The present invention provides compositions comprising the lipid particles of encapsulated in mRNA molecular composition. Said composite particle comprising a cationic lipid, a non-cationic lipid and encapsulated in the lipid particles of the mRNA molecules in the lipid particle. The composition (for example) is used for the introduction of human subject suffering from a mRNA molecule, they are subject in said translation in order to produce the used to improve one or more of the symptoms of the disease polypeptide. The invention also provides for the preparation of said composition of the present invention a cationic lipid. (by machine translation)
- -
-
Paragraph 0469; 0475; 0476; 0477; 0532; 0536
(2016/10/09)
-
- Effects of conformational symmetry in conjugated side chains on intermolecular packing of conjugated polymers and photovoltaic properties
-
Introducing conjugated side chains onto the backbone of two-dimensionally (2D) conjugated polymers has been utilized for tuning the optoelectronic characteristics of the polymer and the morphological properties of organic photovoltaics. To investigate the effects of conformational symmetry of conjugated side chains, two benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (BDT)-based derivatives, one with the asymmetric alkoxythienyl (Th) side chain and the other with the symmetric alkoxyphenyl (Ph) side chain, were synthesized as donor units and copolymerized with fluorinated benzothiadiazole (2FBT). These two side chains were selected for the distinct differences between their structures, and were found to affect the intrinsic characteristics of these BDT polymers. The introduction of the symmetric conjugated side chain to the conjugated backbone of the polymer was observed to improve both light harvesting and the charge carrier mobility, apparently by increasing the extent of packing between the polymer chains. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of photovoltaic devices fabricated using these conjugated polymers were strongly related to the light absorbance and crystallinity in a film of the blend of polymer and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). PBDT2FBT-Ph showed effective light absorption, an optimum morphology that we argue is due to the symmetry of the conjugated Ph side chain, and a maximum PCE of 6.23%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, a short-circuit current density of 11.33 mA cm-2, and a fill factor of 66.3%. These results demonstrate that symmetric conjugated side chains are promising groups to produce 2D-conjugated polymers for high-performance photovoltaics. This systematic study of side chain engineering provides a valuable strategy to synthesize 2D conjugated polymers and to achieve high PCE values in organic photovoltaics.
- Shin, Jisoo,Kim, Min,Lee, Jaewon,Sin, Donghun,Kim, Heung Gyu,Hwang, Hyeongjin,Cho, Kilwon
-
p. 106044 - 106052
(2015/12/26)
-
- COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DELIVERING MESSENGER RNA
-
The present invention provides compositions comprising mRNA molecules encapsulated within lipid particles. The lipid particles comprise a cationic lipid, a non-cationic lipid, and an mRNA molecule that is encapsulated within the lipid particle. The compositions are useful, for example, to introduce the mRNA molecules into a human subject where they are translated to produce a polypeptide that functions to ameliorate one or more symptoms of a disease. The invention also provides cationic lipids that are useful for preparing the compositions of the invention.
- -
-
Page/Page column 81; 90
(2015/10/05)
-
- Tetrathienoanthracene-based copolymers for efficient solar cells
-
A series of semiconducting copolymers (PTAT-x) containing extended π-conjugated tetrathienoanthracene units have been synthesized. It was shown that the extended conjugation system enhanced the π-π stacking in the polymer/PC61BM blend films and facilitated the charge transport in heterojunction solar cell devices. After structural fine-tuning, the polymer with bulky 2-butyloctyl side chains (PTAT-3) exhibited a PCE of 5.6% when it was blended with PC61BM.
- He, Feng,Wang, Wei,Chen, Wei,Xu, Tao,Darling, Seth B.,Strzalka, Joseph,Liu, Yun,Yu, Luping
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 3284 - 3287
(2011/05/03)
-