- New synthesis process of naftifine drug intermediate N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine
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The invention discloses a new synthesis process of a naftifine drug intermediate N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine. The process includes: adding phosphoric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, industrial naphthalene, paraformaldehyde and a catalyst, performing heating, introducing HCL gas, and carrying out reaction to obtain a 1-chloromethylnaphthalene crude product; performing cooling, dropwiseadding the 1-chloromethylnaphthalene crude product into a methanolamine solution, and carrying out reaction to obtain an N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine crude product; performing evaporating to remove the redundant methanolamine solution, adjusting the alkali with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, conducting washing with water for layering, adding water and dichloromethane into an organic layer, adjusting the pH value with hydrochloric acid, performing layering, taking the water layer, and adjusting alkali with a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a crude product, and carrying out reduced pressure rectification to obtain a finished product. According to the method, the N-methyl-1-naphthalenemethylamine finished product is successfully synthesized directly in a one-pot mode, the situation that the product yield is reduced due to the fact that a lot of residues are generated is avoided, meanwhile, the safety risk in the rectification process is avoided, the purity of the crude product is greatly improved, the cost is low, and the production safety is high.
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Paragraph 0024-0033
(2021/03/30)
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- Synthesis, Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Some 3H-Benzo[a]imidazo[4,5-j]acridines and 3H-Benzo[a]pyrazolo[3,4-j]acridines
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Abstract: Some novel 3H-benzo[a]imidazo[4,5-j]acridines and 3H-benzo[a]pyrazolo[3,4-j]acridines were synthesized by the reaction of 1-alkyl-5-nitro-1H-benzoimidazoles and 1-alkyl-5-nitro-1H-indazoles with 1-naphthylacetonitrile in high yields. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral (FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR) and analytical data. The antiviral activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against a panel of DNA and RNA viruses, including herpes simplex virus-1 KOS, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus-2 (G), vaccinia virus, and herpes simplex virus-1 TK-KOS ACVr. Most of the test compounds showed moderate activities in comparison with their corresponding reference standards. The synthesized compounds were also tested for antibacterial activity against a panel of strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, and some of them we found as effective against gram- positive bacteria as well-known antibacterial agents, such as Cephalexin. The products we found to be cytostatic in the higher micromolar range.
- Faramarzi, M.,Morsali, A.,Pordel, M.
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p. 1438 - 1445
(2020/10/02)
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- Organocatalytic Chlorination of Alcohols by P(III)/P(V) Redox Cycling
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A catalytic system for the chlorination of alcohols under Appel conditions was developed. Benzotrichloride is used as a cheap and readily available chlorinating agent in combination with trioctylphosphane as the catalyst and phenylsilane as the terminal reductant. The reaction has several advantages over other variants of the Appel reaction, e.g., no additional solvent is required and the phosphane reagent is used only in catalytic amounts. In total, 27 different primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides were synthesized in yields up to 95%. Under optimized conditions, it was also possible to convert epoxides and an oxetane to the dichlorinated products.
- Longwitz, Lars,Jopp, Stefan,Werner, Thomas
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p. 7863 - 7870
(2019/06/27)
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- N -Hydroxyphthalimide/benzoquinone-catalyzed chlorination of hydrocarbon C-H bond using N -chlorosuccinimide
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The direct chlorination of C-H bonds has received considerable attention in recent years. In this work, a metal-free protocol for hydrocarbon C-H bond chlorination with commercially available N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) with 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DDQ) functioning as an external radical initiator is presented. Aliphatic and benzylic substituents and also heteroaromatic ones were found to be well tolerated. Both the experiments and theoretical analysis indicate that the reaction goes through a process wherein NHPI functions as a catalyst rather than as an initiator. On the other hand, the hydrogen abstraction of the C-H bond conducted by a PINO species rather than the highly reactive N-centered radicals rationalizes the high chemoselectivity of the monochlorination obtained by this protocol as the latter is reactive towards the C(sp3)-H bonds of the monochlorides. The present results could hold promise for further development of a nitroxy-radical system for the highly selective functionalization of the aliphatic and benzylic hydrocarbon C-H.
- Li, Zi-Hao,Fiser, Béla,Jiang, Biao-Lin,Li, Jian-Wei,Xu, Bao-Hua,Zhang, Suo-Jiang
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supporting information
p. 3403 - 3408
(2019/04/01)
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- Enantioselective, Lewis Base-Catalyzed Sulfenocyclization of Polyenes
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A sulfenium-ion-initiated, catalytic, enantioselective polyene cyclization is described. Homogeranylarenes and ortho-geranylphenols undergo polycyclization in good yield, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The stereodetermining step is the generation of an enantiomerically enriched thiiranium ion from a terminal alkene and a sulfenylating agent in the presence of a chiral Lewis basic catalyst. The use of hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol as the solvent is crucial to obtain good yields. The thioether moiety resulting from the reaction can be subsequently transformed into diverse oxygen and carbon functionality postcyclization. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the enantioselective syntheses of (+)-ferruginol and (+)-hinokiol.
- Tao, Zhonglin,Robb, Kevin A.,Zhao, Kuo,Denmark, Scott E.
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supporting information
p. 3569 - 3573
(2018/03/21)
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- Manganese-salen catalyzed oxidative benzylic chlorination
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Abstract: Metalloporphyrins are well-known to serve as the model for mimicking reactivities exhibited by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase. Recent developments on selective C–H halogenation using Mn-porphyrins provided the way for understanding the reactivity as well as mechanism of different halogenase enzymes. In this report, we demonstrated a method for benzylic C–H chlorination using easily prepared Mn(salen) complex as the catalyst, which shows a complementary reactivity of Mn-porphyrins. Here, NaOCl has been used as a chlorinating source as well as the oxidant. Efforts towards understanding the mechanism suggested the formation of the high-valent Mn(V)=O species which is believed to be the key intermediate to conduct this transformation. Graphical abstract: SYNOPSIS Mn(salen)-catalyzed selective benzylic chlorination protocol has been developed using aqueous NaOCl solution. Reactions proceeded efficiently at room temperature and displayed good functional group tolerance. The mechanistic investigation demonstrated that Mn (V) = O species is likely to be the key intermediate which is responsible to generate benzylic radical. EPR and ESI-MS studies confirmed the in situ formation of Mn(IV)-species.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Sasmal, Sheuli,Rana, Sujoy,Lahiri, Goutam Kumar,Maiti, Debabrata
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- Synthesis, Spectral Studies, and Quantum Chemical Investigations of a New Violet Dye and a Fluorescent Heterocyclic System
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The new violet dye 3-(hydroxyimino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2(3H)-ylidene)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl) acetonitrile was synthesized by reaction of 3-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with 1-naphthylacetonitrile. Cyclization of the latter compound in pyridine led to the formation of new fluorescent heterocyclic system benzo[f]pyrido[2’,1’:2,3] imidazo[4,5-b]quinoline. The structural assignments of the new compounds were based on their spectral and microanalytical data. The optical and solvatochromic properties of the compounds were investigated, and the results showed that they display interesting photophysical properties such as high values of extinction coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to gain a deeper insight into the geometry and relevant frontier orbitals of the compounds. Calculated electronic absorption spectra were also obtained by the time-dependent DFT method.
- Alipoor, Hamideh,Pordel, Mehdi,Morsali, Ali
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p. 313 - 319
(2018/09/26)
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- Mild Aliphatic and Benzylic Hydrocarbon C-H Bond Chlorination Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid
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We present the controlled monochlorination of aliphatic and benzylic hydrocarbons with only 1 equiv of substrate at 25-30 °C using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as radical initiator and commercially available trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as the chlorine source. Catalytic amounts of CBr4 reduced the reaction times considerably due to the formation of chain-carrying ·CBr3 radicals. Benzylic C-H chlorination affords moderate to good yields for arenes carrying electron-withdrawing (50-85%) or weakly electron-donating groups (31-73%); cyclic aliphatic substrates provide low yields (24-38%). The products could be synthesized on a gram scale followed by simple purification via distillation. We report the first direct side-chain chlorination of 3-methylbenzoate affording methyl 3-(chloromethyl)benzoate, which is an important building block for the synthesis of vasodilator taprostene.
- Combe, Sascha H.,Hosseini, Abolfazl,Parra, Alejandro,Schreiner, Peter R.
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p. 2407 - 2413
(2017/03/11)
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- Synthesis, characterisation, optical properties and theoretical calculations of a new fluorescent heterocyclic system: 3H-benzo[a]pyrazolo[3,4-j]acridine
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Four new fluorescent dyes derived from the 3H-benzo[a]pyrazolo[3,4-j]acridine system were synthesised and fully characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and analytical data. These new fluorophores were prepared from the reaction of 1-alkyl-5-nitro-1H-indazoles with 1-naphthylacetonitrile via nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen, in high yields. The optical properties of the dyes were also investigated and the results revealed that, in some cases, they have higher quantum yields compared with well-known fluorescent dyes such as fluorescein. Solvent effects on the fluorescence characteristics of the four compounds indicated that the emission wavelength is red-shifted with increasing solvent polarity. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set provided the optimised geometries and relevant frontier orbitals of the compounds. Calculated electronic absorption spectra were also obtained using the time-dependent density functional theory method.
- Alipoor, Hamideh,Pordel, Mehdi,Morsali, Ali
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p. 371 - 375
(2017/08/04)
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- 3H-Benzo[a]imidazo[4,5-j]acridine as a new fluorescent heterocyclic system: synthesis, spectral studies, and quantum chemical investigation
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The synthesis, spectral studies, and theoretical calculations of a new fluorescent heterocyclic system are described. New 3H-benzo[a]imidazo[4,5-j]acridines were obtained in high yields by the reaction of 1-alkyl-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazoles with (naphthalen-1-yl)acetonitrile via nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen, and their structures were established by spectral (UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR) and analytical data. Study of the optical and solvatochromic properties of the dyes revealed their high molar absorption coefficients and high fluorescence quantum yields which in some cases exceeded quantum yields of well-known fluorescent dyes such as fluorescein. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set were performed to obtain optimized geometries and frontier orbital structures of the synthesized compounds. The electronic absorption spectra were also simulated by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method.
- Alipoor,Pordel,Morsali
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p. 1586 - 1592
(2017/12/07)
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- Pd-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cross-Couplings of Aroyl Chlorides
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This report describes a method for Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative cross-coupling that enables the conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives to biaryls, aryl amines, aryl ethers, aryl sulfides, aryl boronate esters, and trifluoromethylated arenes. The success of this transformation leverages the Pd0/Brettphos-catalyzed decarbonylative chlorination of aroyl chlorides, which can then participate in diverse cross-coupling reactions in situ using the same Pd catalyst.
- Malapit, Christian A.,Ichiishi, Naoko,Sanford, Melanie S.
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p. 4142 - 4145
(2017/08/15)
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- Continuous-Flow Multistep Synthesis of Cinnarizine, Cyclizine, and a Buclizine Derivative from Bulk Alcohols
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Cinnarizine, cyclizine, buclizine, and meclizine belong to a family of antihistamines that resemble each other in terms of a 1-diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety. We present the development of a four-step continuous process to generate the final antihistamines from bulk alcohols as the starting compounds. HCl is used to synthesize the intermediate chlorides in a short reaction time and excellent yields. This methodology offers an excellent way to synthesize intermediates to be used in drug synthesis. Inline separation allows the collection of pure products and their immediate consumption in the following steps. Overall isolated yields for cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative are 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1. The incredible bulk: Bulk alcohols are converted continuously into chlorides using HCl in a microflow. A reaction network that consists of four steps and two inline separations leads to the continuous preparation of cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative with yields of 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1.
- Borukhova, Svetlana,Nol, Timothy,Hessel, Volker
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- Synthesis of 1-naphthaldehydes via the cascade reactions of 1-phenylpent-4-yn-2-ols promoted by iodine monochloride
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A novel and convenient synthesis of 1-naphthaldehydes through iodine monochloride promoted cascade reactions of 1-phenylpent-4-yn-2-ols is presented. Compared with literature procedures, this new method has advantages such as simple operation procedure, mild reaction conditions, good efficiency, and excellent regio-selectivity.
- Li, Bin,Shen, Nana,Fan, Xuesen,Zhang, Xinying
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p. 1843 - 1846
(2016/04/19)
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- Discovery of highly potent and selective D4 ligands by interactive SAR study
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A series of thienylmethylphenylpiperazins was synthesized and tested for affinity towards the five subtypes of dopaminergic receptors. Compound 5f showed more than 1000 folds selectivity to D4 receptors; analogue 5e showed the highest affinity to D4 receptors with Ki 3.9 nM. An interactive SAR approach was adopted and lead to compound 14a with Ki (D4) as low as 0.03 nM. Molecular docking studies showed a potential, first to report arene cation interaction between the D4 unique residue Arg-186 and the ligands' arene moiety, explaining the importance of having a strong negative electrostatic potential at this area of the compound structure.
- Abdelfattah, Mohamed A.O.,Lehmann, Jochen,Abadi, Ashraf H.
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supporting information
p. 5077 - 5081
(2013/09/12)
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- Synthesis and biocidal activity of some naphthalene-based cationic surfactants
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In this study, different cationic surfactants were prepared by reacting dodecyl bromide with tertiary amines to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts that were converted subsequently to stannous and cobalt cationic complexes via complexing them with stannous (II) or cobalt (II) ions. Surface properties such as surface- and interfacial-tension, and the emulsifying power of these surfactants were investigated. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area, tension lowering efficiency and effectiveness were studied. The free energy of micellization and adsorption were calculated. Antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds, which was measured against six strains of a representative group of microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of some of the prepared surfactants against sulfate reducing bacteria was determined by the dilution method. FTIR spectra, elemental analysis and a H1 NMR spectrum were examined to confirm compound structure and purity. The results obtained indicate that these compounds have good surface properties and good biocidal effect on broad spectrum of micro organisms. AOCS 2011.
- Aiad, Ismail A.,Badawi, Abdelfatah M.,El-Sukkary, Mohammed M.,El-Sawy, Abdallah A.,Adawy, Ahmed I.
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scheme or table
p. 223 - 234
(2012/05/20)
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- Chlorination of various substrates in subcritical carbon tetrachloride
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Various aliphatic hydrocarbons and the side chains of aromatic hydrocarbons were chlorinated in subcritical carbon tetrachloride. Chlorination of aromatic compounds including 1,4-disubstituted benzenes was investigated. Ketones and sulfones were stable under the employed conditions. Sulfoxides were converted into sulfides in a low to modest yields. The coupling adducts between olefins and carbon tetrachloride were obtained from the reactions of olefins.
- Tanemura, Kiyoshi,Suzuki, Tsuneo,Nishida, Yoko,Horaguchi, Takaaki
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experimental part
p. 2881 - 2888
(2010/06/16)
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- Microwave assisted solid additive effects in simple dry chlorination reactions with n-chlorosuccinimide
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Solid additives participate in the dry microwave assisted chlorination reaction of N-chlorosuccinimide with the xylenes affecting both yields and chemoselectivities. Total yields can be increased up to nine times for simple alkylaromatics and chemoselectivities can be altered according to the desired ring or α-side chlorination product by choosing the appropriate additive. We believe that in these reactions the solid additives play a very important role by increasing yields and affecting chemoselectivities, as well as behaving as microwave energy absorbers that consequently aid the transfer of heat to the active reagents.
- Bucos, Madalina,Villalonga-Barber, Carolina,Micha-Screttas, Maria,Steele, Barry R.,Screttas, Constantinos G.,Heropoulos, Georgios A.
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experimental part
p. 2061 - 2065
(2010/04/26)
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- Studies on novel 2-imidazolidinones and tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as potential TACE inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and preliminary biological evaluation
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Compounds belonging to the class of 2-imidazolidinones and tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their TACE inhibitory activity. Most of the compounds showed very good TACE inhibitory activity. Docking study clearly indicates importance of the P1′ group of the inhibitor for the TACE inhibitory activity. This work proves that these two classes of molecules could be used as potential leads for the development of TACE inhibitors.
- DasGupta, Shirshendu,Murumkar, Prashant R.,Giridhar, Rajani,Yadav, Mange Ram
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experimental part
p. 3604 - 3617
(2009/09/30)
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- Inhibition of purple acid phosphatase with α-alkoxynaphthylmethylphosphonic acids
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Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are binuclear hydrolases that catalyse the hydrolysis of a range of phosphorylated substrates. Human PAP is a major histochemical marker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In patients suffering from this disorder, PAP activity contributes to increased bone resorption and, therefore, human PAP is a key target for the development of anti-osteoporotic drugs. This manuscript describes the design and synthesis of derivatives of 1-naphthylmethylphosphonic acids as inhibitors of PAP. The Ki values of these compounds are as low as 4 μM, the lowest reported to date for a PAP inhibitor.
- McGeary, Ross P.,Vella, Peter,Mak, Jeffrey Y.W.,Guddat, Luke W.,Schenk, Gerhard
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 163 - 166
(2009/04/10)
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- Chlorination of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, and olefins in subcritical carbon tetrachloride
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The reactions of various substrates including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, and olefins were investigated in subcritical carbon tetrachloride. Ketones and sulfones were stable under the employed conditions. The coupling adducts between olefins and carbon tetrachloride were obtained from the reactions of olefins.
- Tanemura, Kiyoshi,Suzuki, Tsuneo,Nishida, Yoko,Horaguchi, Takaaki
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scheme or table
p. 6419 - 6422
(2009/04/06)
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- Fluorous solvent as a new phase-screen medium between reagents and reactants in the bromination and chlorination of alcohols
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(Matrix presented) A perfluorohexane layer regulates the rate of reagent transport in the bromination and chlorination of alcohols. A fluorous triphasic U-tube method is effective for lighter reagents; the thionyl chloride layer (yellow) vanishes, and the chlorides are obtained from the right top organic layer in the chlorination of alcohols.
- Nakamura, Hiroyuki,Usui, Taikou,Kuroda, Hirokazu,Ryu, Ilhyong,Matsubara, Hiroshi,Yasuda, Shinji,Curran, Dennis P.
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p. 1167 - 1169
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidation of benzyltins by oxovanadium(V) compound and molecular oxygen
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Benzyltin compounds were oxidized by oxovanadium(V) compound under an oxygen atmosphere to afford the corresponding aromatic aldehydes (ketone) and/or carboxylic acids.
- Hirao, Toshikazu,Morimoto, Chihiro,Takada, Takashi,Sakurai, Hidehiro
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p. 1961 - 1963
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidation of benzylsilanes and benzyltins by oxovanadium(V) compound and molecular oxygen
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Benzylsilane and benzyltin compounds were oxidized by oxovanadium(V) compound under an oxygen atmosphere to afford the corresponding aromatic aldehydes (ketones) and/or carboxylic acids. In the reaction of benzyltins, oxovanadium(V) compound can be reduce
- Hirao, Toshikazu,Morimoto, Chihiro,Takada, Takashi,Sakurai, Hidehiro
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p. 5073 - 5079
(2007/10/03)
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- Lipophilic 4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines: Synthesis and structure- activity relationships
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A series of 4-isoxazolyl-1,4-dihydropyridines bearing lipophilic side chains at the C-5 position of the isoxazole ring have been prepared. The calcium channel antagonistic activity of these compounds has been evaluated. A hypothetical model for binding of these compounds in the calcium channel is proposed, and the validity of this model is evaluated based on the SAR of this series of calcium binding, especially for the two most active derivatives, 1a,g. The solid-state structure for the most active compound, 1a, has also been determined, and its important features are reported.
- Natale, Nicholas R.,Rogers, Mark E.,Staples, Richard,Triggle, David J.,Rutledge, Aleta
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p. 3087 - 3093
(2007/10/03)
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- Halogenative Allylation and Reduction of Aromatic Acetals by Double Substitution of Alkoxyl Groups in Acetal
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In the presence of excessive amount of acetyl halide along with a catalytic amount of tin(II) halide, aromatic acetals react with allyltrimethylsilane or triethylsilane to give α-allylbenzyl halides or benzyl halides, respectively, in good to excellent yields.
- Oriyama, Takeshi,Iwanami, Katsuyuki,Tsukamoto, Kazuhisa,Ichimura, Yuichi,Koga, Gen
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p. 1410 - 1412
(2007/10/02)
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- 1-Naphthylcarbene: Spectroscopy, Kinetics, and Mechanisms
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The reactions of 1-naphthylcarbene have been examined by using laser flash photolysis techniques.Generation of the carbene from the diazo precursor in hydrocarbon solvents leads to the formation of 1-naphthylmethyl radicals, which were characterized by their absorption at 363 nm.However, product studies in cyclohexane and cyclohexane-d12 reveal that the main reaction path is carbene insertion into the C-H bond rather than H abstraction. 1-Naphthylcarbene reacts readily with nitriles to yield nitrile ylides which can also be generated from the corresponding azirine.For example, the carbene reacts with acetonitrile with a rate constant of 4.6 X 1E5 M-1s-1 at 300 K to yield an ylide that can be trapped readily with electron-deficient olefins, such as diethyl fumarate.Reaction of the carbene with oxygen (k = 3.5 X 1E9 M-1 s-1) yields the carbonyl oxide (λmax 435 nm).Other reactions examined include halogen abstraction, addition to ketones, and reactions with triethylamine, pyridine, and ethers.The absolute kinetics of the various reactions were examined by monitoring the formation of the products (e.g., ylides, radicals, etc.), since the carbene spectrum was not detected directly.
- Barcus, R. L.,Hadel, L. M.,Johnston, L. J.,Platz, M. S.,Savino, T. G.,Scaiano, J. C.
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p. 3928 - 3937
(2007/10/02)
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- ARYLMETHYL ISOCYANATES
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Chloromethyl isocyanate reacts readily with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride or other catalysts of the Friedel-Crafts reaction with the formation of arylmethyl isocyanates.The latter add alcohols and amines readily, being converted into the corresponding substituted urethanes and ureas.When heated in the presence of catalytic amounts of 1,3-dimethylphosphol-3-ene they give substituted carbodiimides.
- Kozhushko, B. N.,Lomakina, A. V.,Paliichuk, Yu. A.,Shokol, V. A.
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p. 654 - 660
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of 1H-Cyclobutanaphthalene by Organometallic Methodology
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1H-Cyclobutanaphthalene is preparable by reactions of 1,8-dilithionaphthalene with dichloromethane and 1,8-bis(iodomagnesio)naphthalene with methylene bis(toluene-p-sulphonate).
- Yang, Lau S.,Engler, Thomas A.,Shechter, Harold
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p. 866 - 868
(2007/10/02)
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- SURFACE PHOTOCHEMISTRY: THE PHOTO-CHLORINATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH FERRIC CHLORIDE ON ALUMINA
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Irradiation of a number of aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on alumina in the presence of ferric chloride leads to monochlorination.
- Hasebe, Masato,Lazare, Catherine,Mayo, Paul de,Weedon, Alan C.
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p. 5149 - 5152
(2007/10/02)
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- Sulfonation of aromatic compounds in the presence of solvents
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A process for the sulfonation of aromatic compounds wherein an aromatic substance consisting of one or more aromatic compounds susceptible to the action of sulfur trioxide is formed into a reactant by admixture with one or more organic liquids, substantially inert to sulfur trioxide under the conditions of the process, which reactant is brought to boiling at a temperature not greater than 100° C under a pressure of from 0.1 mm Hg to atmospheric pressure, gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced thereinto thereby causing it to continue to boil, the component or components of the reactant thus volatilized is or are reconverted to liquid in a heat-exchanger and recycled to the reaction chamber, and the pressure in the reaction chamber and the rate at which the gaseous sulfur trioxide is introduced into the reactant are controlled so as to ensure that there is always present in the reaction chamber an amount of volatilizable matter exceeding that amount volatilizable by the heat of reaction of the aromatic substance present in the reaction chamber with the gaseous sulfur trioxide in contact with said aromatic substance and that the temperature of the reaction mixture is a temperature of 100° C or below.
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