- Solid phase deracemization of an atropisomer
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The scope of Viedma ripening and temperature cycling with respect to chiral molecules has remained mostlylimited to molecules with a single stereogenic center, while racemization proceeds through inversion at that particularstereocenter. In this article we demonstrate for the first time that atropisomers, chiral rotamers that possess an axis of chirality, can be successfully deracemized in the solid phase by either applying temperature cycling or Viedma ripening.
- Engwerda, Anthonius H.J.,Van Schayik, Pim,Jagtenberg, Henjo,Meekes, Hugo,Rutjes, Floris P.J.T.,Vlieg, Elias
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Read Online
- Green and efficient synthesis of thioureas, ureas, primary: O -thiocarbamates, and carbamates in deep eutectic solvent/catalyst systems using thiourea and urea
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An efficient and general catalysis process was developed for the direct preparation of various primary O-thiocarbamates/carbamates as well as monosubstituted thioureas/ureas by using thiourea/urea as biocompatible thiocarbonyl (carbonyl) sources. This procedure used choline chloride/tin(ii) chloride [ChCl][SnCl2]2 with a dual role as a green catalyst and reaction medium to afford the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the DES can be easily recovered and reused for seven cycles with no significant loss in its activity. Besides, the method shows very good performance for synthesizing the desired products on a large scale.
- Bagherzadeh, Nastaran,Sardarian, Ali Reza,Inaloo, Iman Dindarloo
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supporting information
p. 11852 - 11858
(2021/07/12)
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- Organophosphine-free copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur
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A copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur in the absence of organophosphine has been established. This approach represents a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of isothiocyanates, and features excellent functional group tolerance and the use of a cheap, safe and odorless sulfur source. Moreover, this process could directly provide isothiocyanate analogous bioactive molecules, thiocarbonyl-containing pesticides and facile construction of benzoxazole and benzimidazole frames.
- Feng, Wei,Zhang, Xing-Guo
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supporting information
p. 1144 - 1147
(2019/01/28)
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- High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of N-aryl-thioureidoalkylphosphonates and thiourylenedi(alkylphosphonates) on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases
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The first successful enantioseparation of representative O,O-diphenyl-N-arylthioureidoalkylphosphonates, (±)-Ptc-ValP(OPh)2 & (±)-Ptc-LeuP(OPh)2 and thiourylenedi(isobutyl phosphonate), Tcm[ValP(OPh)2]2 on analytical and semipreparative scale was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CPs). Atc-AAP(OPh)2 was obtained using modified tricomponent condensations of the corresponding aldehydes, N-arylthiourea and triphenyl phosphite whereas Tcm[ValP(OPh)2]2 by the condensations of aldehydes, thiourea, and triphenyl phosphite. The prepared, racemic (±)-Atc-AAP(OPh)2 [(±)-Ptc-ValP(OPh)2, (±)-Ptc-LeuP(OPh)2, (±)-Ptc-PglyP(OPh)2 and (±)-Ntc-PglyP(OPh)2] and racemic (±)-Tcm[AAP(OPh)2]2 [(±)-Tcm[NvaP(OPh)2]2 & (±)-Tcm[ValP(OPh)2]2] were adequately characterized and used for chromatographic separations on high-performance liquid chromatography–chiral stationary phases. The best results were obtained for (±)-Ptc-ValP(OPh)2, (±)-Ptc-LeuP(OPh)2 and (±)-Tcm[ValP(OPh)2]2.
- Drabowicz, Józef,Kudzin, Marcin H.,Kudzin, Zbigniew H.,Pokora-Sobczak, Patrycja
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supporting information
p. 131 - 140
(2017/12/28)
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- HINDERED DISULFIDE DRUG CONJUGATES
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The invention relates generally to disulfide drug conjugates wherein a linker comprising a sulfur-bearing carbon atom substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl is conjugated by a disulfide bond to a cysteine sulfur atom of a targeting carrier, and wherein the linker is further conjugated to a drug moiety. The invention further relates to activated linker-drug conjugates suitable for conjugation to a targeting carrier by a disulfide bond. The invention further relates to methods for preparing hindered disulfide drug conjugates.
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Page/Page column 119; 121; 122
(2017/05/02)
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- Thiocarbonyl Surrogate via Combination of Sulfur and Chloroform for Thiocarbamide and Oxazolidinethione Construction
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An efficient and practical thiocarbonyl surrogate via combination of sulfur and chloroform has been developed. A variety of thiocarbamides and oxazolidinethiones have been established, including chiral thiourea catalysts and chiral oxazolidinethione auxiliaries with high selectivity. Meanwhile, pesticides Diafenthiuron (an acaricide), ANTU (a rodenticide), and Chloromethiuron (an insecticide) were practically synthesized through this method in gram scale. Dicholorocarbene, as the key intermediate, was further confirmed via a carbene-trapping control experiment.
- Tan, Wei,Wei, Jianpeng,Jiang, Xuefeng
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supporting information
p. 2166 - 2169
(2017/04/27)
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- Linker Immolation Determines Cell Killing Activity of Disulfide-Linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibody-Drug Conjugates
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Disulfide bonds could be valuable linkers for a variety of therapeutic applications requiring tunable cleavage between two parts of a molecule (e.g., antibody-drug conjugates). The in vitro linker immolation of β-mercaptoethyl-carbamate disulfides and DNA alkylation properties of associated payloads were investigated to understand the determinant of cell killing potency of anti-CD22 linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD-dimer) conjugates. Efficient immolation and release of a PBD-dimer with strong DNA alkylation properties were observed following disulfide cleavage of methyl- and cyclobutyl-substituted disulfide linkers. However, the analogous cyclopropyl-containing linker did not immolate, and the associated thiol-containing product was a poor DNA alkylator. As predicted from these in vitro assessments, the related anti-CD22 ADCs showed different target-dependent cell killing activities in WSU-DLCL2 and BJAB cell lines. These results demonstrate how the in vitro immolation models can be used to help design efficacious ADCs.
- Zhang, Donglu,Pillow, Thomas H.,Ma, Yong,Cruz-Chuh, Josefa Dela,Kozak, Katherine R.,Sadowsky, Jack D.,Lewis Phillips, Gail D.,Guo, Jun,Darwish, Martine,Fan, Peter,Chen, Jingtian,He, Changrong,Wang, Tao,Yao, Hui,Xu, Zijin,Chen, Jinhua,Wai, John,Pei, Zhonghua,Hop, Cornelis E. C. A.,Khojasteh, S. Cyrus,Dragovich, Peter S.
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supporting information
p. 988 - 993
(2016/11/19)
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- Synthesis of monosubstituted thioureas by vapour digestion and mechanochemical amination of thiocarbamoyl benzotriazoles
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Thiocarbamoyl benzotriazoles, as safe and easy-to-handle isothiocyanate equivalents, were quantitatively converted to N-monosubstituted thioureas by vapour digestion synthesis under an ammonia atmosphere. This simple, but timely process provided a synthetic platform that enabled the "slow" amination reaction to be successfully transformed into a rapid one aided by mechanochemical milling. The ammonium chloride/sodium carbonate equimolar mixture allowed in situ formation of ammonia under ball-milling conditions. This novel and green approach yielded aromatic and aliphatic primary thioureas in near-quantitative isolated yields with workup entirely based on using only water. In addition, the molecular and crystal structures of selected polyaromatic primary thioureas were determined from the synchrotron powder diffraction data.
- Dud, Mateja,Magdysyuk, Oxana V.,Margeti?, Davor,?trukil, Vjekoslav
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supporting information
p. 2666 - 2674
(2016/05/24)
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- Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 5-(benzo[: D] [1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(tert -butyl)- N -arylthiazol-2-amines
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A series of novel N-aryl-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(tert-butyl)thiazol-2-amines (C1-C31) were synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activities against HeLa, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Some tested compounds showed potent growth inhibition properties with IC50 values generally below 5 μM against the three human cancer cells lines. Compound C27 showed potent activities against HeLa and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.07 ± 0.88 μM and 3.52 ± 0.49 μM, respectively. Compound C7 (IC50 = 2.06 ± 0.09 μM) was the most active compound against A549 cell line, while compound C16 (IC50 = 2.55 ± 0.34 μM) showed the best inhibitory activity against the MCF-7 cell line. The preliminary mechanism of the inhibitory effect was investigated via further experiments, such as morphological analysis by dual AO/EB staining and Hoechst 33342 staining, and cell apoptosis and cycle assessment by FACS analysis. The results illustrated that compound C27 could induce apoptosis and cause both S-phase and G2/M-phase arrests in HeLa cell line. Therefore, compound C27 could be developed as a potential antitumor agent.
- Wu,Fang,Tang,Xiao,Ye,Li,Hu
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p. 1768 - 1774
(2016/09/28)
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- Synthesis and Cytotoxicity in Vitro of N-Aryl-4-(Tert-butyl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine
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A series of novel N-aryl-4-(tert-butyl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiazol-2-amines were synthesized in a green way. H2O2-NaBr Brominating circulatory system was used in the synthesis of the key intermediate in a mild condition. All of the target compounds were confirmed by1H NMR and elemental analysis and tested for their cytotoxicity against two different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that some of the title compounds showed moderate to strong cytotoxic activities. Compound 2i was the most potent compound with the IC50 values of 9 μMagainst Hela cells and 15 μMagainst Bel-7402 cells, respectively.
- Ye, Jiao,Xiao, Meng-Wu,Xie, Xuan-Qing,Qiu, Shen-Yi,Dai, Ming-Chong,Li, Wan,Shen, Fang,Hu, Ai-Xi
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p. 627 - 631
(2018/01/18)
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- C-S bond-forming reactions of barbiturylbromide with isothiocarbamides in aqueous media
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The C-S cross coupling of pharmaceutically active barbituric acid derivatives has been achieved by the interaction of selective monobromobarbituric acid with thioureas in an aqueous medium. This method is applicable for simple thiourea as well as monosubstituted thioureas, and corresponding products are obtained in good yield. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
- Sontakke, Madhuri M.,Jichkar, Atul A.,Dhonde, Madhukar G.,Bhaskar, Chandrakant S.,Berad, Baliram N.
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supporting information
p. 340 - 345
(2014/01/06)
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- Access to a new class of biologically active quinoline based 1,2,4-triazoles
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As an aspect of our ongoing research in search of new antimicrobial armamentarium, a series of 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio-acetamides was constructed and in vitro analyzed for their antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi. Aiming to establish an increased potency, the bioassay results were matched to those of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, utilized previously. Remarkably, 1,2,4-triazoles were found to possess a good spectrum of antifungal potency, which eventually suggested the azole template as an essential pharmacophore to diversify the biological occupations of the attendant molecules. However, it was noticed that the potency of final analogs against each strain placed reliance on the type of substituent present on benzothiazole ring. The structures of final compounds were confirmed with the aid of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and CHN analysis.
- Patel, Rahul V.,Park, Se Won
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- Environmentally benign one-pot synthesis of cyanamides from dithiocarbamates using I2 and H2O2
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An environmentally benign reaction is devised for the synthesis of cyanamides from dithiocarbamate salts using iodine and H2O 2. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Jamir, Latonglila,Sinha, Upasana Bora,Nath, Jayashree,Patel, Bhisma K.
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experimental part
p. 951 - 958
(2012/02/01)
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- Synthesis of some novel N4-(naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-yl)semicarbazides as potential anticonvulsants
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A series of N4-(naphtha[1,2-d]thiazol-2-yl)semicarbazides were designed and synthesized to meet the structural requirements essential for anticonvulsant activity. Anticonvulsant activity was determined after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to mice by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ)-induced seizure tests and minimal motor impairment was determined by rotorod test. A majority of the compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity after intraperitoneal administration. Some of the selected compounds were evaluated orally in rats for activity in scPTZ test at several time points (50 mg/kg). The most active compounds carry bromo, fluoro and nitro substituents at 4-position in the phenyl ring. The biochemical estimations of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) from brain homogenate not only clearly implicated the role of free radicals in PTZ-induced convulsion but also explained the possible mechanism of protective effect of semicarbazides, through the reduced formation of MDA and increased formation of SOD and GSH-Px.
- Azam, Faizul,Alkskas, Ismail A.,Khokra, Sukhbir Lal,Prakash, Om
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scheme or table
p. 203 - 211
(2009/04/07)
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- A one-pot preparation of cyanamide from dithiocarbamate using molecular iodine
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An efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of cyanamides from dithiocarbamate salts via a double desulfurization strategy using molecular iodine is disclosed. Dithiocarbamates, by the action of iodine yield isothiocyanates in situ, which on treatment with aqueous NH3 give thioureas. The thioureas so generated undergo further oxidative desulfurization with I2 giving corresponding cyanamides in good yields. Environmental benignity, cost effectiveness and high yields are the important attributes of this one pot procedure. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
- Nath, Jayashree,Patel, Bhisma K.,Jamir, Latonglila,Sinha, Upasana Bora,Satyanarayana
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experimental part
p. 1503 - 1506
(2010/05/18)
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- Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some substituted 1,2,4-thiadiazoles
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A series of new substituted 1,2,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized by appropriate route and screened for anticonvulsant, neurotoxic and sedative-hypnotic activity. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR spectroscopy, 13C NMR and elemental (nitrogen and sulphur) analysis. After i.p. injection of the compounds to mice or rate at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, body weights were examined in the maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ)-induced seizure models after 0.5 and 4 h. Rotorod method and phenobarbitone-induced hypnosis potentiation study were employed to examine neurotoxicity and sedative-hypnotic activity, respectively. All the compounds except 4g showed protection against MES screen after 0.5 h. Compounds 3a-c, 4a-c were active at 100 mg/kg dose i.p., whereas remaining compounds showed activity at 300 mg/kg. All 14 compounds except 3 g showed neurotoxicity at 100 and 300 mg/kg after 0.5 h. Compounds 3b and 4b showed NT after 4 h. Two compounds 3b and 4g showed significant (p 0.05) percentage increase in sleeping time i.e. 67% and 59%, respectively. It may be concluded that the synthesized compounds were potent against MES-induced seizures than ScPTZ induced and showed low potency as sedative-hypnotic agent which is advantageous.
- Gupta, Arun,Mishra, Pradeep,Pandeya,Kashaw, Sushil K.,Kashaw, Varsha,Stables, James P.
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experimental part
p. 1100 - 1105
(2009/08/10)
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- Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some novel 3-aryl amino/amino-4-aryl-5-imino-Δ2-1,2,4-thiadiazoline
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A series of 3-aryl amino/amino-4-aryl-5-imino-Δ2-1,2,4-thiadiazoline have been synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route and characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data. The anticonvulsant activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (ScPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotorod method. All the test compounds were administered at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight and the anticonvulsant activity was noted at 0.5 and 4 h time intervals after the drug administration. Some of the compounds were evaluated for the Phenobarbitone induced hypnosis potentiation test. Among the compounds tested, all except 2h showed protection from MES seizures, whereas only 3b was found to be active in the ScPTZ test.
- Gupta, Arun,Mishra, Pradeep,Kashaw, Sushil K.,Jatav, Varsha,Stables
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p. 749 - 754
(2008/09/20)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel 2-aminothiazole derivatives of 4-hydroxy-chromene-2-one
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Syntheses of 2-aminothiazole derivatives of 4-hydroxy-chromene-2-one 2c-10c are reported in this paper. These compounds 2c-10c were prepared from 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-hydroxy-chromene-2-one 1 and corresponding thiourea derivatives 2b-10b using Hantzsch reaction. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The molecules 2c-10c were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against ten bacteria and twelve fungi. All tested compounds exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity.
- Vukovic, Nenad,Sukdolak, Slobodan,Solujic, Slavica,Milosevic, Tanja
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experimental part
p. 491 - 496
(2009/04/04)
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- Novel synthetic approach to N-aryl-4-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-2-amine and analogues using HMCM-41 as catalyst, and their biological evaluation as human platelet aggregation inhibitors
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A novel synthetic approach to N-aryl-4-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-2-amine and analogues using HMCM-41, a mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst and their in vitro ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibitory activity on human blood platelets is described. Among the test compounds N-(2′-flourophenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-2-amine (9e) was found to be the most potent, IC50 = 4.84 × 10-7 M.
- Bhoga, Umadevi
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p. 1144 - 1150
(2008/03/12)
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- Optimization of 2-aminothiazole derivatives as CCR4 antagonists
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A series of 2-aminothiazole-derived antagonists of the CCR4 receptor has been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated using a [125I]TARC (CCL17) displacement assay. Optimization of these compounds for potency and pharmacokinetic properties led to the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable antagonists.
- Wang, Xuemei,Xu, Feng,Xu, Qingge,Mahmud, Hossen,Houze, Jonathan,Zhu, Liusheng,Akerman, Michelle,Tonn, George,Tang, Liang,McMaster, Brian E.,Dairaghi, Daniel J.,Schall, Thomas J.,Collins, Tassie L.,Medina, Julio C.
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p. 2800 - 2803
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of thiophene-2-carboxamidines containing 2-aminothiazoles and their biological evaluation as urokinase inhibitors
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The serine protease urokinase (uPa) has been implicated in the progression of both breast and prostate cancer. Utilizing structure based design, the synthesis of a series of substituted 4-[2-amino-1,3-thiazolyl]-thiophene-2-carboxamidines is described. Further optimization of this series by substitution of the terminal amine yielded urokinase inhibitors with excellent activities.
- Wilson, Kenneth J.,Illig, Carl R.,Subasinghe, Nalin,Hoffman, James B.,Jonathan Rudolph,Soll, Richard,Molloy, Christopher J.,Bone, Roger,Green, David,Randall, Troy,Zhang, Marie,Lewandowski, Frank A.,Zhou, Zhao,Sharp, Celia,Maguire, Diane,Grasberger, Bruce,DesJarlais, Renee L.,Spurlino, John
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p. 915 - 918
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and biological activities of new 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives
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New 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one derivatives possessing (4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl moieties at the 2-position were synthesized and tested for calcium antagonistic and calmodulin antagonistic activities. Antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats were also evaluated. In general, these compounds were rather weak calcium channel blockers, although, in contrast, many of them had moderate to potent calmodulin antagonistic activity, and 2-[3-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H )-one derivatives 45, 74 and 75 showed potent antihypertensive effects.
- Kajino,Mizuno,Tawada,Shibouta,Nishikawa,Meguro
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p. 2888 - 2895
(2007/10/02)
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- THERMOLYSIS AND PHOTOLYSIS OF SOME THIOUREA DERIVATIVES (PART I)
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Thermolysis od N-benzoyl-N'-phenylthiourea (BPTU) on heating in air at 230 deg C gives NH3, H2S, benzaldehyde, benzil, aniline, azobenzene, benzamide, benzanilide, phenylisothiocyanate, phenylcyanamide, thiocarbanilide and benzoylisothiocyanate, whereas thermolysis of N-benzoyl-N'-benzylthiourea (BBTU) affords NH3, H2S, benzaldehyde, benzil, toluene, bibenzyl, stilbene, benzamide, cyanamide, benzylisothiocyanate, benzoylthiourea and benzoylisothiocyanate.Thermolysis of N-benzoyl-N'-α-naphthylthiourea (BNTU) under the same conditions gives NH3, H2S, benzaldehyde, benzil, benzamide, α-naphthylisothiocyanate, α-naphthanilide, α-naphthylcyanamide, benzoylisothiocyanate, α-naphthylamine and N,N'-di-α,α'-naphthylthiourea.Analogous results were also obtained on photolysis of (BPTU), (BBTU) and (BNTU) with the exception of NH3 and the photodegradation products of phenylthiourea, benzylthiourea and α-naphthylthiourea respectively.The main feature of these pyrolyses is the homolysis of the amide and thioamide bonds providing free radicals that undergo different reactions involving H-abstraction, dimerization, coupling, fragmentation, rearrangement and disproportionation to yield the identified products.
- Aly, M. M.,Fahmy, A. M.,Gaber, A. M.
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p. 253 - 258
(2007/10/02)
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