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Synthesis and evaluation of novel iminosugars prepared from natural amino acids
Cyclopropanated iminosugars have a locked conformation that may enhance the inhibitory activity and selectivity against different glycosidases. We show the synthesis of new cyclopropane-containing piperidines bearing five stereogenic centers from natural amino acids L-serine and L-alanine. Those prepared from the latter amino acid may mimic L-fucose, a natural-occurring monosaccharide involved in many molecular recognition events. Final compounds prepared from L-serine bear S configurations on the C5 position. The synthesis involved a stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction of an α,β-unsaturated piperidone, which was prepared through a ring-closing metathesis. The final compounds were tested as possible inhibitors of different glycosidases. The results, although, in general, with low inhibition activity, showed selectivity, depending on the compound and enzyme, and in some cases, an unexpected activity enhancement was observed.
Puet, Alejandro,Domínguez, Gema,Ca?ada, Francisco Javier,Pérez-Castells, Javier
(2021/06/28)

Synthesis of chiral branched allylamines through dual photoredox/nickel catalysis
Allylamines are versatile building blocks in the synthesis of various naturally occurring products and pharmaceuticals. In contrast to terminal allylamines, the methods of synthesis of their branched congeners with internal, stereodefined double bonds are less explored. This work describes a new approach for the preparation of allylaminesviacross-coupling of alkyl bromides with simple 3-bromoallylamines by merging the photoredox approach and Ni catalysis. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, under blue light irradiation, and in the presence of an organic dye, 4CzIPN, as a photocatalyst. The scope of suitable reaction partners is broad, including alkyl bromides bearing reactive functionalities (e.g., esters, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides) andN-protected allylamines, as well asN-allylated secondary and tertiary amines and heterocycles. The employment of non-racemic starting materials allows for rapid and easy construction of complex multifunctional allylamine derivatives without the loss of enantiomeric purity.
Garbacz, Mateusz,Stecko, Sebastian
supporting information
p. 8578 - 8585
(2021/10/20)

Synthesis and Characterization of Optically Pure Gamma-PNA Backbones by SIBX-Mediated Reductive Amination
Chiral peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a derivative of regular PNA by introducing a chiral center to its backbone, and is known to bind more strongly to DNA or RNA than regular PNA. In particular, in the case of a γ-backbone, the L isomer stabilizes the PNA/DNA duplex, and the D-isomer has the opposite effect. Therefore, the synthesis of an optically pure γ-backbone is very important. Here, we report a novel synthetic strategy for the suppression of epimerization during the synthesis of the γ-PNA backbone. A stabilized form of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (SIBX) was used as an oxidative reagent in the key intermediate of the N-Boc-amino acetaldehyde synthesis. This paper reports (1) the synthesis and comparison of three different γ-PNA backbones (lysine, alanine, and glutamate) by three different synthetic routes (SIBX, lithium aluminum hydride, and Red-Al) and (2) the determination of chiral purity from their derivative compounds. The enantiomeric excess purity of SIBX-mediated γ-PNA backbones was determined to be more than 99.4%, as ascertained by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram on a standard RP-C18 column. It is comparatively higher than that of the other methods examined in this work.
Periyalagan, Alagarsamy,Kim, Yong-Tae,Hong, In Seok
p. 1304 - 1309
(2021/08/09)

Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity by the Natural Product Gallinamide A and Analogues via Inhibition of Cathepsin L
Cathepsin L is a key host cysteine protease utilized by coronaviruses for cell entry and is a promising drug target for novel antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The marine natural product gallinamide A and several synthetic analogues were identified as potent inhibitors of cathepsin L with IC50 values in the picomolar range. Lead molecules possessed selectivity over other cathepsins and alternative host proteases involved in viral entry. Gallinamide A directly interacted with cathepsin L in cells and, together with two lead analogues, potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. Reduced antiviral activity was observed in cells overexpressing transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2); however, a synergistic improvement in antiviral activity was achieved when combined with a TMPRSS2 inhibitor. These data highlight the potential of cathepsin L as a COVID-19 drug target as well as the likely need to inhibit multiple routes of viral entry to achieve efficacy.
Aggarwal, Anupriya,Ashhurst, Anneliese S.,Bedding, Max J.,Beretta, Laura,Drelich, Aleksandra,Gerwick, William H.,Hook, Vivian,Larance, Mark,Li, Linfeng,McKerrow, James H.,Meek, Thomas D.,O'Donoghue, Anthony J.,Payne, Richard J.,Pwee, Dustin,Skinner, Danielle,Stoye, Alexander,Tang, Arthur H.,Tseng, Chien-Te,Turville, Stuart,Yoon, Michael C.,Fajtová, Pavla
supporting information

(2021/11/18)

Probing α-Amino Aldehydes as Weakly Acidic Pronucleophiles: Direct Access to Quaternary α-Amino Aldehydes by an Enantioselective Michael Addition Catalyzed by Br?nsted Bases
The high tendency of α-amino aldehydes to undergo 1,2-additions and their relatively low stability under basic conditions have largely prevented their use as pronucleophiles in the realm of asymmetric catalysis, particularly for the production of quaternary α-amino aldehydes. Herein, it is demonstrated that the chemistry of α-amino aldehydes may be expanded beyond these limits by documenting the first direct α-alkylation of α-branched α-amino aldehydes with nitroolefins. The reaction produces densely functionalized products bearing up to two, quaternary and tertiary, vicinal stereocenters with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. DFT modeling leads to the proposal that intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the NH group and the carbonyl oxygen atom in the starting α-amino aldehyde is key for reaction stereocontrol.
García-Urricelqui, Ane,de Cózar, Abel,Mielgo, Antonia,Palomo, Claudio
supporting information
p. 2483 - 2492
(2020/12/25)

Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Vinyl Glycosides via Palladium-Catalyzed C?H Glycosylation of Alkenes
C-vinyl glycosides are an important class of carbohydrates and pose a unique synthetic challenge. A new strategy has been developed for stereoselective synthesis of C-vinyl glycosides via Pd-catalyzed directed C?H glycosylation of alkenes with glycosyl chloride donors using an easily removable bidentate auxiliary. Both the γ C?H bond of allylamines and the δ C?H bond of homoallyl amine substrates can be glycosylated in high efficiency and with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The resulting C-vinyl glycosides can be further converted to a variety of C-alkyl glycosides with high stereospecificity. These reactions offer a broadly applicable method to streamline the synthesis of complex C-vinyl glycosides from easily accessible starting materials.
Chen, Gong,He, Gang,Qiao, Tianjiao,Sun, Qikai,Wang, Quanquan,Zhang, Huixing
supporting information
p. 19620 - 19625
(2021/08/09)

Concise Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis and Identification of Cellular Targets of Cepafungin I
Amatuni et al. established a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis of cepafungin I. The route enabled access to a chemoproteomic probe, revealing high selectivity for proteasome subunits β5/2. Potent inhibition was associated with the macrocyclic hydroxyl group and lipid tail. Cepafungin I exhibited similar mode of action with the clinical drug bortezomib. The natural product cepafungin I was recently reported to be one of the most potent covalent inhibitors of the 20S proteasome core particle through a series of in vitro activity assays. Here, we report a short chemoenzymatic total synthesis of cepafungin I featuring the use of a regioselective enzymatic oxidation to prepare a key hydroxylated amino acid building block in a scalable fashion. The strategy developed herein enabled access to a chemoproteomic probe, which in turn revealed the exceptional selectivity and potency of cepafungin I toward the β2 and β5 subunits of the proteasome. Further structure-activity relationship studies suggest the key role of the hydroxyl group in the macrocycle and the identity of the lipid tail in modulating the potency of this natural product family. This study lays the groundwork for further medicinal chemistry exploration to fully realize the anticancer potential of cepafungin I.
Amatuni, Alexander,Shuster, Anton,Adibekian, Alexander,Renata, Hans
p. 1318 - 18,1326
(2020/09/02)

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Nonplanar 3-Amino-1,2,4-oxadiazine Scaffold: Structure Revision of Alchornedine
Herein, we report the diastereoselective synthesis of a 3-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazine (AOXD) scaffold. The presence of a N-O bond in the ring prevents the planar geometry of the aromatic system and induces a strong decrease in the basicity of the guanidine moiety. While DIBAL-H appeared to be the most efficient reducing agent because it exhibited high diastereoselectivity, we observed various behaviors of the Mitsunobu reaction on the resulting β-aminoalcohol, leading to either inversion or retention of the configuration depending on the steric hindrance in the vicinity of the hydroxy group. The physicochemical properties (pKa and log D) and hepatic stability of several AOXD derivatives were experimentally determined and found that the AOXD scaffold possesses promising properties for drug development. Moreover, we synthesized alchornedine, the only natural product with the AOXD scaffold. Based on a comparison of the analytical data, we found that the reported structure of alchornedine was incorrect and hypothesized a new one.
Bihel, Frédéric,Bricard, Jacques,Garnier, Delphine,Gizzi, Patrick,Leloire, Maeva,Mohr, Julie,Schmitt, Martine,Schneider, Séverine,Tang, Shuang-Qi
p. 15347 - 15359
(2020/11/30)

Structurally Diverse Acyl Bicyclobutanes: Valuable Strained Electrophiles
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) are highly strained carbocycles that have emerged as versatile synthetic tools, particularly for the construction of functionalized small molecules. This work reports two efficient pathways for the rapid preparation of over 20 structurally diverse BCB ketones, encompassing simple alkyl and aryl derivatives, as well as unprecedented amino acid, dipeptide, bioisostere, and bifunctional linchpin reagents currently inaccessible using literature methods. Analogues are readily forged in two steps and in high yields from simple carboxylic acids or through unsymmetrical ketone synthesis beginning with a convenient carbonyl dication equivalent. The utility of this novel toolbox of strained electrophiles for the selective modification of proteinogenic nucleophiles is highlighted.
Attard, Riley H.,Gardiner, Michael G.,Malins, Lara R.,Schwartz, Brett D.,Zhang, Meng Yao
supporting information
p. 2808 - 2812
(2020/03/04)

Topical ‘dual-soft’ glucocorticoid receptor agonist for dermatology
Steroidal glucocorticoids (GR agonists) have been widely used for the topical treatment of skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis. They are a very effective therapy, but they are associated with both unwanted local effects in the skin (skin thinning/atrophy) and systemic side effects. These effects can limit the long-term utility of potent steroids. Here we report on a topically delivered non-steroidal GR agonist, that has the potential to deliver high efficacy in the skin, but due to rapid metabolism in the blood & liver (“dual-soft”) it should have greater systemic safety than existing treatments. In addition, compared to less selective steroidal GR agonists, the new non-steroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Agonists (SEGRAs) have the potential to avoid the skin atrophy observed with existing topical steroids. Due to its potential for reduced skin atrophy and low systemic exposure, LEO 134310 (17) may be suitable for long term topical treatment of skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Carnerup, Martin A.,Dack, Kevin N.,Eirefelt, Stefan,Henriksson, Krister,Johnson, Patrick S.,Ollerstam, Anna K.,Stahlhut, Martin
supporting information

(2020/07/21)

Peptidomimetic Vinyl Heterocyclic Inhibitors of Cruzain Effect Antitrypanosomal Activity
Cruzain, an essential cysteine protease of the parasitic protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important drug target for Chagas disease. We describe here a new series of reversible but time-dependent inhibitors of cruzain, composed of a dipeptide scaffold appended to vinyl heterocycles meant to provide replacements for the irreversible reactive "warheads" of vinyl sulfone inactivators of cruzain. Peptidomimetic vinyl heterocyclic inhibitors (PVHIs) containing Cbz-Phe-Phe/homoPhe scaffolds with vinyl-2-pyrimidine, vinyl-2-pyridine, and vinyl-2-(N-methyl)-pyridine groups conferred reversible, time-dependent inhibition of cruzain (Ki? = 0.1-0.4 μM). These cruzain inhibitors exhibited moderate to excellent selectivity versus human cathepsins B, L, and S and showed no apparent toxicity to human cells but were effective in cell cultures of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50 = 1-15 μM) and eliminated T. cruzi in infected murine cardiomyoblasts (EC50 = 5-8 μM). PVHIs represent a new class of cruzain inhibitors that could progress to viable candidate compounds to treat Chagas disease and human sleeping sickness.
Chenna, Bala C.,Li, Linfeng,Mellott, Drake M.,Zhai, Xiang,Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Calvet Alvarez, Claudia,Bernatchez, Jean A.,Desormeaux, Emily,Alvarez Hernandez, Elizabeth,Gomez, Jana,McKerrow, James H.,Cruz-Reyes, Jorge,Meek, Thomas D.
p. 3298 - 3316
(2020/04/08)

1,2,4-TRIAZIN-3(2H)-ONE COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
The present invention includes name compounds of general formula (I) : (I) in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds, and their use for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases.
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Page/Page column 134-135

(2020/08/22)

[1,2,4]TRIAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS AND USE IN STABILIZING MICROTUBULES
The present disclosure provides compounds of formula (I) or (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof, wherein Rx-R8 are defined herein. Also provided are compositions comprising a compound described herein and a pharmaceutically effective excipient, methods of stabilizing microtubules in a patient comprising administering to the patient a microtubule-stabilizing amount of a compound described herein, methods of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, and methods of treating a neurodegenerative disease in a patient comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein.
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Paragraph 00137; 00138

(2019/09/18)

Design of Gallinamide A Analogs as Potent Inhibitors of the Cysteine Proteases Human Cathepsin L and Trypanosoma cruzi Cruzain
Gallinamide A, originally isolated with a modest antimalarial activity, was subsequently reisolated and characterized as a potent, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of the human cysteine protease cathepsin L. Molecular docking identified potential modifications to improve binding, which were synthesized as a suite of analogs. Resultingly, this current study produced the most potent gallinamide analog yet tested against cathepsin L (10, Ki = 0.0937 ± 0.01 nM and kinact/Ki = 8 730 000). From a protein structure and substrate preference perspective, cruzain, an essential Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease, is highly homologous. Our investigations revealed that gallinamide and its analogs potently inhibit cruzain and are exquisitely toxic toward T. cruzi in the intracellular amastigote stage. The most active compound, 5, had an IC50 = 5.1 ± 1.4 nM, but was relatively inactive to both the epimastigote (insect stage) and the host cell, and thus represents a new candidate for the treatment of Chagas disease.
Boudreau, Paul D.,Miller, Bailey W.,McCall, Laura-Isobel,Almaliti, Jehad,Reher, Raphael,Hirata, Ken,Le, Thu,Siqueira-Neto, Jair L.,Hook, Vivian,Gerwick, William H.
p. 9026 - 9044
(2019/10/16)

Functionalized Helical β-Peptoids
Peptidomimetic foldamers adopting well-defined three-dimensional structures while being stable toward proteolysis are of interest in biomedical research, chemical biology, and biomimetic materials science. Despite their backbone flexibility, β-peptoids containing N-(S)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl (Ns1npe) side chains can fold into unique triangular prism-shaped helices. We report herein the successful introduction of amino groups onto robustly folded β-peptoid helices by construction and incorporation of novel chiral building blocks. This is the first example of an X-ray crystal structure of a linear β-peptoid containing more than one type of side chain. We thus present a unique foldamer design comprising a robustly folded core with functionalized side chains protruding perpendicular to the helical axis to provide a highly predictable display of functional groups. This work paves the way for development of β-peptoid foldamers with a desired function, such as catalytic properties or as scaffolds enabling polyvalent display.
Wellh?fer, Isabelle,Frydenvang, Karla,Kotesova, Simona,Christiansen, Andreas M.,Laursen, Jonas S.,Olsen, Christian A.
p. 3762 - 3779
(2019/05/01)

Deregulation of hepatic mek1/2–erk1/2 signaling module in iron overload conditions
The liver, through the production of iron hormone hepcidin, controls body iron levels. High liver iron levels and deregulated hepcidin expression are commonly observed in many liver diseases including highly prevalent genetic iron overload disorders. In spite of a number of breakthrough investigations into the signals that control hepcidin expression, little progress has been made towards investigations into intracellular signaling in the liver under excess of iron. This study examined hepatic signaling pathways underlying acquired and genetic iron overload conditions. Our data? demonstrate that hepatic iron overload associates with a decline in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) kinase (Mek1/2) pathway by selectively affecting the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. We propose that Mek1/2-Erk1/2 signaling is uncoupled from iron-Bmp-Smad-mediated hepcidin induction and that it may contribute to a number of liver pathologies in addition to toxic effects of iron. We believe that our findings will advance the understanding of cellular signaling events in the liver during iron overload of different etiologies.
Tangudu, Naveen Kumar,Buth, Nils,Strnad, Pavel,Cirstea, Ion C,Spasi?, Maja Vuji?
(2019/07/16)

HETEROARYL DERIVATIVE OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT THEREOF, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSTION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH PI3 KINASES, CONTAINING SAME AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
The present invention relates to a heteroaryl derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases associated with PI3 kinases, containing the same as an active ingredient. The heteroaryl derivative according to the present invention has an excellent effect of selectively inhibiting PI3 kinases, thereby being useful in preventing or treating PI3 kinase diseases such as: cancers, autoimmune diseases, and respiratory diseases.
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Paragraph 0550-0552

(2018/04/26)

Design, synthesis and evaluation of photoactivatable derivatives of microtubule (MT)-active [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines comprise a promising class of non-naturally occurring microtubule (MT)-active compounds. Prior studies revealed that different triazolopyrimidine substitutions can yield molecules that either promote MT stabilization or disrupt MT integrity. These differences can have important ramifications in the therapeutic applications of triazolopyrimidines and suggest that different analogues may exhibit different binding modes within the same site or possibly interact with tubulin/MTs at alternative binding sites. To help discern these possibilities, a series of photoactivatable triazolopyrimidine congeners was designed, synthesized and evaluated in cellular assays with the goal of identifying candidate probes for photoaffinity labeling experiments. These studies led to the identification of different derivatives that incorporate a diazirine ring in the amine substituent at position 7 of the triazolopyrimidine heterocycle, resulting in molecules that either promote stabilization of MTs or disrupt MT integrity. These photoactivatable candidate probes hold promise to investigate the mode of action of MT-active triazolopyrimidines.
Oukoloff, Killian,Kovalevich, Jane,Cornec, Anne-Sophie,Yao, Yuemang,Owyang, Zachary A.,James, Michael,Trojanowski, John Q.,Lee, Virginia M.-Y.,Smith, Amos B.,Brunden, Kurt R.,Ballatore, Carlo
supporting information
p. 2180 - 2183
(2018/06/07)

AMINO SULFONYL COMPOUNDS
Provided herein are dUTPase inhibitors, compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds and compositions.
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Paragraph 0393-0394

(2018/06/12)

6,7-DIHYDRO-4H-PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, wherein R1 to R4 are as described above. The compounds may be useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.
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Page/Page column 50

(2018/03/26)

Synthesis and characterization of some atypical sphingoid bases
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous and abundant components of all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms. Sphingolipids show a large structural variety not only between the different species, but also within an individual cell. This variety is not limited to alterations in the polar headgroups of e.g. glycosphingolipids, but also affects the lipophilic anchors comprised of different fatty acids on the one hand and different sphingoid bases on the other hand. The structural variations within different sphingoid bases e.g. in pathogens can be used to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets and the specific change in the profile of common and uncommon sphingolipids are associated with pathological conditions like diabetes or cancer. Therefore, the emerging field of sphingolipidomics is dedicated to collect data on the sphingolipidome of a cell and hence to assign changes therein to certain states of a cell or to pathological conditions. This powerful tool however is still limited by the availability of structural information about the individual lipid species as well as by the availability of appropriate internal standards for quantification. Herein we describe the synthesis of a variety of 1-deoxy-sphingoid bases. 1-DeoxySphingolipids have recently acquired significant attention due to its pathological role in the rare inherited neuropathy, HSAN1 but also as predictive biomarkers in diabetes type II. Some of the compounds synthesized and characterized herein, have been used and will be used to elucidate the correct structure of these disease-related lipids and their metabolites.
Saied, Essa M.,Le, Thuy Linh-Stella,Hornemann,Arenz, Christoph
supporting information
p. 4047 - 4057
(2018/06/30)

6,7-DIHYDRO-4H-PYRAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE AND 6,7-DIHYDRO-4H-TRIAZOLO[1,5-A]PYRAZINE COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, wherein R1 to R4 and Q are as described above. The compounds may be useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.
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Page/Page column 35

(2018/03/28)

A novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells compound optimized from the natural symplostatin 4 scaffold inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for carcinogenesis, cancer progression, relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of drug molecules targeting CSCs plays a vital role in medicinal researching field. However, there are extremely rare molecules that selectively ablate CSCs. The research and development of drugs targeting CSCs is limited due to a lack of anti-CSCs lead compounds. In this study, an anti-CSCs lead compound 35b was discovered, which was derived from the natural chemical scaffold of Symplostatin 4. This compound exhibited a significantly suppressive effect on tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, 35b could significantly reduce the number of melanoma tumor spheres and decrease the percentage of ALDH+ melanoma cells. Further mechanism study illustrated that compound 35b could eliminate the melanoma CSCs by efficiently blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings would provide a novel chemical scaffold and alternative idea of molecular design for development of anti-CSCs drugs.
Liu, Shuangwei,Gao, Xian,Zhang, Lisong,Qin, Shuanglin,Wei, Mingming,Liu, Ning,Zhao, Rui,Li, Benlong,Meng, Ye,Lin, Gang,Lu, Cheng,Liu, Xinhua,Xie, Maodun,Liu, Tongtong,Zhou, Honggang,Qi, Min,Yang, Guang,Yang, Cheng
p. 21 - 42
(2018/07/06)

NON-STEROIDAL GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR MODULATORS FOR LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY
The present invention relates to a compound according to formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of 5- and 6- membered heteroaryl, (C1- C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (4-6)-membered heterocycloalkyl and phenyl; R2 is selected from (C1-C3)alkyl and halo(C1-C3)alkyl; R3 is selected from phenyl, 5-membered heteroaryl and 6-membered heteroaryl; R4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C1- C4)alkyl and halo(C1-C4)alkyl; X1 is selected from CH, C(Rb) and N, X2 is selected from CH and N; Y is selected from -NH- and -O-; m is 0 or 1; n is 0 or 1; L represents a bond, -O-, -NH- or -N(RC)-; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof. The invention relates further to intermediates for the preparation of said compounds, to said compounds for use in therapy, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of treating diseases with said compounds, and to the use of said compounds in the manufacture of medicaments.
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Page/Page column 40; 41

(2017/04/11)

DEOXYURIDINE TRIPHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS CONTAINING AMINO SULFONYL LINKAGE
Provided herein are dUTPase inhibitors, compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds and compositions.
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Paragraph 0371; 0372

(2017/01/26)

A (S)- N - methoxy - methyl -2 - (tetrahydro-pyrrolyl) propionamide and its preparation method and application
The invention discloses a (S)-N-methoxy-methyl-2-(pyrrolidine) propionamide shown as a formula (5). A preparation method is as follows: subjecting a starting material L-alanine to amino protection, reaction with N,O-dimethyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride, removal of amino protecting group, and alkylation; and subjecting the prepared compound shown as (5) to addition elimination and reduction to obtain an Efavirenz chiral ligand shown as the formula (7). The synthetic method of Efavirenz chiral ligand provided by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high yield and low production cost, and is suitable for industrialized production.
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Paragraph 0039; 0040

(2017/08/25)

Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of oligopeptides targeting E. coli type I signal peptidase (LepB)
Type I signal peptidases are potential targets for the development of new antibacterial agents. Here we report finding potent inhibitors of E. coli type I signal peptidase (LepB), by optimizing a previously reported hit compound, decanoyl-PTANA-CHO, through modifications at the N- and C-termini. Good improvements of inhibitory potency were obtained, with IC50s in the low nanomolar range. The best inhibitors also showed good antimicrobial activity, with MICs in the low μg/mL range for several bacterial species. The selection of resistant mutants provided strong support for LepB as the target of these compounds. The cytotoxicity and hemolytic profiles of these compounds are not optimal but the finding that minor structural changes cause the large effects on these properties suggests that there is potential for optimization in future studies.
De Rosa, Maria,Lu, Lu,Zamaratski, Edouard,Sza?aj, Natalia,Cao, Sha,Wadensten, Henrik,Lenhammar, Lena,Gising, Johan,Roos, Annette K.,Huseby, Douglas L.,Larsson, Rolf,Andrén, Per E.,Hughes, Diarmaid,Brandt, Peter,Mowbray, Sherry L.,Karlén, Anders
supporting information
p. 897 - 911
(2017/02/05)

Discovery of 3,5-Diphenyl-4-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones as Novel, Potent, and Orally Available Δ-5 Desaturase (D5D) Inhibitors
The discovery and optimization of Δ-5 desaturase (D5D) inhibitors are described. Investigation of the 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one scaffold was inspired by a pharmacophore model constructed from the common features of several hit compounds, resulting in the identification of 3,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 5h as a novel lead showing potent in vitro activity. Subsequent optimization focused on the modification of two metabolic sites, which provided (4S,5S)-5i, a derivative with improved metabolic stability. Moreover, adding a substituent into the upper phenyl moiety further enhanced the intrinsic activity, which led to the discovery of 5-[(4S,5S)-5-(4fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile (4S,5S)-5n, endowed with excellent D5D binding affinity, cellular activity, and high oral bioavailability in a mouse. It exhibited robust in vivo hepatic arachidonic acid/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio reduction (a target engagement marker) in an atherosclerosis mouse model. Finally, an asymmetric synthetic procedure for this compound was established.
Fujimoto, Jun,Okamoto, Rei,Noguchi, Naoyoshi,Hara, Ryoma,Masada, Shinichi,Kawamoto, Tetsuji,Nagase, Hiroki,Tamura, Yumiko Okano,Imanishi, Mitsuaki,Takagahara, Shuichi,Kubo, Kazuki,Tohyama, Kimio,Iida, Koichi,Andou, Tomohiro,Miyahisa, Ikuo,Matsui, Junji,Hayashi, Ryouta,Maekawa, Tsuyoshi,Matsunaga, Nobuyuki
p. 8963 - 8981
(2017/11/14)

NOVEL PEPTIDOMIMETICS WITH ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY
We disclose novel peptidomimetics with antiangiogenic activity and their uses, particularly in the treatment of neoplasms and chronic inflammation (in particular of: rheumatoid arthritis, colitis), in eczema, diabetes, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), nephropathy and neuropathy, in particular for use in the form of intravenous infusions or injections, or implants releasing the active ingredient.
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Paragraph 0022

(2017/09/04)

BICYCLIC COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF FOR INHIBITING SUV39H2
The present invention directs to a compound represented by formula (I).
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Page/Page column 299; 300

(2017/08/01)

QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE OR ITS SALT AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME
The present invention provides a quinazoline derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a process for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and a use thereof. The quinazoline derivative or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt has a selective inhibitory activity against the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta subunit, and therefore can be usefully applied for preventing or treating cancer, along with avoiding side effects such as lymphopenia-associated inflammatory responses.
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Paragraph 222

(2017/12/15)

Phase I metabolites of mephedrone display biological activity as substrates at monoamine transporters
Background and Purpose: 4-Methyl-N-methylcathinone (mephedrone) is a synthetic stimulant that acts as a substrate-type releaser at transporters for dopamine (DAT), noradrenaline (NET) and 5-HT (SERT). Upon systemic administration, mephedrone is metabolized to several phase I compounds: the N-demethylated metabolite, 4-methylcathinone (nor-mephedrone); the ring-hydroxylated metabolite, 4-hydroxytolylmephedrone (4-OH-mephedrone); and the reduced keto-metabolite, dihydromephedrone. Experimental Approach: We used in vitro assays to compare the effects of mephedrone and synthetically prepared metabolites on transporter-mediated uptake and release in HEK293 cells expressing human monoamine transporters and in rat brain synaptosomes. In vivo microdialysis was employed to examine the effects of i.v. metabolite injection (1 and 3?mg·kg?1) on extracellular dopamine and 5-HT levels in rat nucleus accumbens. Key Results: In cells expressing transporters, mephedrone and its metabolites inhibited uptake, although dihydromephedrone was weak overall. In cells and synaptosomes, nor-mephedrone and 4-OH-mephedrone served as transportable substrates, inducing release via monoamine transporters. When administered to rats, mephedrone and nor-mephedrone produced elevations in extracellular dopamine and 5-HT, whereas 4-OH-mephedrone did not. Mephedrone and nor-mephedrone, but not 4-OH-mephedrone, induced locomotor activity. Conclusions and Implications: Our results demonstrate that phase I metabolites of mephedrone are transporter substrates (i.e. releasers) at DAT, NET and SERT, but dihydromephedrone is weak in this regard. When administered in vivo, nor-mephedrone increases extracellular dopamine and 5-HT in the brain whereas 4-OH-mephedrone does not, suggesting the latter metabolite does not penetrate the blood–brain barrier. Future studies should examine the pharmacokinetics of nor-mephedrone to determine its possible contribution to the in vivo effects produced by mephedrone.
Mayer,Wimmer,Dillon-Carter,Partilla,Burchardt,Mihovilovic,Baumann,Sitte
supporting information
p. 2657 - 2668
(2016/10/19)

Enzymatic Macrocyclization of 1,2,3-Triazole Peptide Mimetics
The macrocyclization of linear peptides is very often accompanied by significant improvements in their stability and biological activity. Many strategies are available for their chemical macrocyclization, however, enzyme-mediated methods remain of great interest in terms of synthetic utility. To date, known macrocyclization enzymes have been shown to be active on both peptide and protein substrates. Here we show that the macrocyclization enzyme of the cyanobactin family, PatGmac, is capable of macrocyclizing substrates with one, two, or three 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The introduction of non-peptidic scaffolds into macrocycles is highly desirable in tuning the activity and physical properties of peptidic macrocycles. We have isolated and fully characterized nine non-natural triazole-containing cyclic peptides, a further ten molecules are also synthesized. PatGmac has now been shown to be an effective and versatile tool for the ring closure by peptide bond formation.
Oueis, Emilia,Jaspars, Marcel,Westwood, Nicholas J.,Naismith, James H.
supporting information
p. 5842 - 5845
(2016/05/09)

QUINOLONE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIBACTERIALS
This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry and relates to compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, that inhibit bacterial gyrase. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of bacterial gyrase activity and bacterial infections, and have the structure of Formula (I) as further described herein. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and methods of using the compounds and compositions to treat bacterial infections.
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Page/Page column 53; 54

(2016/04/20)

OXIME-SUBSTITUTED AMIDE COMPOUND AND PEST CONTROL AGENT
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel pest control agent, in particular, an antimicrobial agent and a nematicide. SOLUTION: There is provided an oxime-substituted amide compound represented by the formula (I), where G1 represents a structure represented by G1-1, G1-27 or the like, G2 represents a structure represented by G2-2 or the like, W represents an oxygen atom or the like, X1 represents difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl or the like, X2, X3, X4 and X5 represent hydrogen atoms or the like, Y1 represents a halogen atom or the like, Y2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkoxy or the like, Y3 represents a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, C2 to C6 alkenyl, (C2 to C6) alkynyl optionally substituted by R6, or the like, Y4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or the like, R1 represents C1 to C6 alkyl, C1 to C4 haloalkyl, C3 to C6 alkenyl or the like, R2 and R3 represent each independently a hydrogen atom, methyl or the like, R4 represents a hydrogen atom or the like, R5 represents methyl or the like, R6 represents C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, C1 to C4 alkoxy or the like. Or there are provided a salt of oxime-substituted amide compound and a pest control agent containing them. COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0501

(2016/10/07)

SUBSTITUTED AMINOPYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
The invention relates to the preparation and use of new aminopyrimidine derivatives as drug candidates in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form and formulations thereof for the modulation of a disorder or disease which is mediated by the activity of the PI3K enzymes. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of disorders or diseases, such as disorders of immunity and inflammation in which PI3K enzymes play a role in leukocyte function, and hyperproliferative disorders associated with PI3K activity, including but not restricted to leukemias and solid tumors, in mammals, especially humans.
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Paragraph 0538; 0539; 0540

(2015/03/31)

Design and synthesis of fused tetrahydroisoquinoline-iminoimidazolines
In the aim of identifying new privileged structures, we describe the 5-steps synthesis of cyclic guanidine compounds "tetrahydroisoquinoline-iminoimidazolinesg" derived from tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin core. In order to evaluate this new minimal structure and the impact of replacing a carbonyle by a guanidine moiety, their affinity towards adenosine receptor A2A was evaluated and compared to those of tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin compounds.
Moas-Héloire, Valeria,Renault, Nicolas,Batalha, Vania,Arias, Angela Rincon,Marchivie, Mathieu,Yous, Said,Deguine, Noémie,Buée, Luc,Chavatte, Philippe,Blum, David,Lopes, Luisa,Melnyk, Patricia,Agouridas, Laurence
p. 15 - 25
(2015/11/23)

GLYOXAMIDE SUBSTITUTED PYRROLAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND THE USE THEREOF AS MEDICAMENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B
Inhibitors of HBV replication of Formula (IA), including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein X and R1 to R6 have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.
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Page/Page column 64-65

(2015/02/19)

OXIME-SUBSTITUTED AMIDE COMPOUND AND PEST CONTROL AGENT
To provide a novel pesticide, especially a fungicide and a nematocide. An oxime-substituted amide compound represented by the formula (I) or its salt, and a pesticide containing it: wherein G1 is a structure represented by G1-1 or the like, G2 is a structure represented by G2-2 or the like: W is an oxygen atom or the like, X1 is a halogen atom, methyl, trifluoromethyl or the like, each of X2, X3, X4 and X5 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or the like, each of Y1 and Y3 is independently a halogen atom, cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, C2-C6 alkynyl or the like, each of Y2 and Y4 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or the like, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkyl substituted with R18, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 alkenyl or the like, each of R2 and R3 is independently a hydrogen atom, methyl or the like, R4 is a hydrogen atom or the like, R18 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with (Z)m or the like, Z is a halogen atom or the like, and m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3.
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Paragraph 0460

(2015/05/26)

SULPHAMOYLPYRROLAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND THE USE THEREOF AS MEDICAMENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B
Inhibitors of HBV replication of Formula (A) including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein Ra to Rd, and R5 to R6 have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.
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Page/Page column 55

(2015/09/23)

One-pot transition-metal-free synthesis of weinreb amides directly from carboxylic acids
Weinreb amides were prepared directly from carboxylic acids, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, and phosphorus trichloride in one pot at 60 °C in toluene in high yields, thus avoiding the separation of the moisture and air sensitive intermediate P[NMe(OMe)]3 in advance. Sterically hindered carboxylic acids also give the corresponding Weinreb amides in excellent yields. Various functional groups are tolerated on the carboxylic acid. The method, which is a simple process and gives high yields, is suitable for large-scale production. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
Niu, Teng,Wang, Ke-Hu,Huang, Danfeng,Xu, Changming,Su, Yingpeng,Hu, Yulai,Fu, Ying
p. 320 - 330
(2014/02/14)

Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions of tert-butyl (S)-(3-oxopent-4-yn-2- yl)carbamate to 1-benzylidenepyrazole-3-one-derived azomethine imines
Parallel screening of suitable reaction conditions for Cu(I)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions of (1Z,4R*,5R*)-4- benzoylamino-1-benzylidene-5-phenyl-3-oxopyrazolidin-1-ium-2-ide (1a) to methyl propiolate (2) has established that this reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in acetonitrile in the presence of CuI and Huenig's base. The optimized reaction conditions were then applied in regio- and stereo-selective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of racemic azomethine imines 1a-e to tert-butyl (S)-(3-oxopent-4-yn-2-yl)carbamate (6) leading to mixtures of diastereomeric non-racemic chromatographically separable cycloadducts 7a-d, 7′ a-d, 8e, and 8′e. The structures of the products were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
Pusavec, Eva,Mirnik, Jona,Senica, Luka,Groselj, Uros,Stanovnik, Branko,Svete, Jurij
p. 615 - 626
(2014/06/10)

Radiolabeled antagonistic bombesin peptidomimetics for tumor targeting
The replacement of amide bonds in the backbone of peptides by proteolytically stable 1,2,3-triazole isosteres can provide novel peptidomimetics with promising properties for the development of tumor-targeting radiopeptides. On the basis of our previous work with radiolabeled agonistic bombesin (BBN) derivatives of the sequence [Nle14]BBN(7-14), we substituted selected amide bonds of the structurally closely related antagonistic peptide analog JMV594. With the exception of the C-terminal modification, amide-to-triazole substitutions tolerated by [Nle 14]BBN(7-14) without loss of biological function led to abolished receptor affinity in the case of JMV594. These findings provide an additional piece of evidence for the currently disputed differences in the modes of action of agonistic and antagonistic gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-targeting radiopeptides.
Valverde, Ibai E.,Huxol, Elena,Mindt, Thomas L.
p. 275 - 278
(2014/05/06)

Rational design of the first difluorostatone-based PfSUB1 inhibitors
The etiological agent of the most dangerous form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has developed resistance or reduced sensitivity to the majority of the drugs available to treat this deadly disease. Innovative antimalarial therapies are therefore urgently required. P. falciparum serine protease subtilisin-like protease 1 (PfSUB1) has been identified as a key enzyme for merozoite egress from red blood cells and invasion. We present herein the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel and potent difluorostatone-based inhibitors. Our bioinformatic-driven studies resulted in the identification of compounds 1a, b as potent and selective PfSUB1 inhibitors. The enzyme/inhibitor interaction pattern herein proposed will pave the way to the future optimization of this class of promising enzyme inhibitors.
Giovani, Simone,Penzo, Maria,Brogi, Simone,Brindisi, Margherita,Gemma, Sandra,Novellino, Ettore,Savini, Luisa,Blackman, Michael J.,Campiani, Giuseppe,Butini, Stefania
supporting information
p. 3582 - 3586
(2014/07/22)

Rational design of the first difluorostatone-based PfSUB1 inhibitors
The etiological agent of the most dangerous form of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, has developed resistance or reduced sensitivity to the majority of the drugs available to treat this deadly disease. Innovative antimalarial therapies are therefore urgently required. P. falciparum serine protease subtilisin-like protease 1 (PfSUB1) has been identified as a key enzyme for merozoite egress from red blood cells and invasion. We present herein the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel and potent difluorostatone-based inhibitors. Our bioinformatic-driven studies resulted in the identification of compounds 1a, b as potent and selective PfSUB1 inhibitors. The enzyme/inhibitor interaction pattern herein proposed will pave the way to the future optimization of this class of promising enzyme inhibitors.
Giovani, Simone,Penzo, Maria,Brogi, Simone,Brindisi, Margherita,Gemma, Sandra,Novellino, Ettore,Savini, Luisa,Blackman, Michael J.,Campiani, Giuseppe,Butini, Stefania
supporting information
p. 3582 - 3586
(2015/02/19)

Tosylhydrazide-promoted diastereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: Synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles
A very straightforward diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[3, 4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is described. The starting materials for the synthetic route are N-Boc-protected α-amino acids, which are first transformed into N-allyl-α-amino ketones through conventional methodologies. Then, a one-pot sequence that involves formation of a tosylhydrazone from the ketone, base-induced decomposition of the hydrazone, and intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the diazo compound generated, gives rise to the bicyclic systems with total diastereoselectivity and high preservation of the enantiomeric purity. However, the analogous process employing α-amino aldehydes lacks stereoselectivity. DFT computational modeling has been carried out to account for the different behavior of the two types of systems. Copyright
Barroso, Raquel,Escribano, Maria,Cabal, Maria-Paz,Valdes, Carlos
p. 1672 - 1683
(2014/03/21)

Tosylhydrazide-Promoted Diastereoselective Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles
A very straightforward diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is described. The starting materials for the synthetic route are N-Boc-protected α-amino acids, which are first transformed into N-allyl-α-amino ketones through conventional methodologies. Then, a one-pot sequence that involves formation of a tosylhydrazone from the ketone, base-induced decomposition of the hydrazone, and intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the diazo compound generated, gives rise to the bicyclic systems with total diastereoselectivity and high preservation of the enantiomeric purity. However, the analogous process employing α-amino aldehydes lacks stereoselectivity. DFT computational modeling has been carried out to account for the different behavior of the two types of systems.
Barroso, Raquel,Escribano, Maria,Cabal, Maria-Paz,Valdés, Carlos
p. 1672 - 1683
(2015/10/05)

Synthesis of enaminone-based vinylogous peptides
Vinylogous peptides 3 with a vinyl fragment inserted into the peptide C-N bond were prepared from ynones 6 and enaminones 7 that are easily available from Boc-protected α-amino acids 4. Coupling at the C terminus was achieved by 1,4-addition of amino esters 5 to the C≡C bond in 6 or by substitution of the NMe2 group in 7 to give N-terminal vinylogues 3a-p. Coupling at the N terminus of 3 and 7, in contrast, required temporary protection of the acidolytically labile enamino moiety. Thus, cyclization of 6 or 7 with hydroxylamine, removal of the Boc group with HBr-AcOH, acylation of free amine 10 with BocGlyOH (4a), and hydrogenolytic deprotection of the enamino moiety in the presence of GlyOMe (5a) led to tripeptides 3q-s with vinylogous amide as the central building block. Copyright
Senica, Luka,Groselj, Uros,Kasunic, Marta,Kocar, Drago,Stanovnik, Branko,Svete, Jurij
supporting information
p. 3067 - 3071
(2014/06/09)

NOVEL NICOTINAMIDE DERIVATIVE OR SALT THEREOF
The object of the present invention is to provide a compound and a pharmaceutical composition having excellent Syk inhibitory activity. According to the present invention, a nicotinamide derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof is provided, wherein R1 is a substituent represented by the following formula (II-1), (III-1), or (IV-1) (wherein R3, R4, R5, n, and X1 have the same definitions as those described in the specification), and R2 is a pyridyl, indazolyl, phenyl, pyrazolopyridyl, benzisoxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, or quinolyl group, each of which optionally has at least one substituent.
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Paragraph 0926

(2014/10/29)

SULPHAMOYLTHIOPHENAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND THE USE THEREOF AS MEDICAMENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B
Inhibitors of HBV replication of formula (I) including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein X and R1 to R8 have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.
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Page/Page column 43

(2014/12/12)