- Hydantoin Bioisosteres. In Vivo Active Hydroxy Acetic Acid Aldose Reductase Inhibitors
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The hypothesis that clinical side effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) sorbinil were related to its hydantoin ring led to a bioisosteric analysis and replacement of the hydantoin by a spiro hydroxy acetic acid moiety as in 40.These hydroxy acids, compared to hydantoins, showed a similar potency increase on chroman 2-methyl substitution, a similar orthogonal relationship of acidic to aromatic moieties, and similar ARI enantioselectivity.In this series the six-membered spiro hydroxy acetic acid anion array is a bioisostere for a spiro hydantoin anion and leads to ARIs with excellent in vivo activity.In vitro and in vivo activity was improved over 40 by chroman cis 2-methylation as in 4 and by aromatic 6,7-halogen substitution.Compounds with the best acute in vivo activity in rats were compared for chronic in vivo activity.The highest tissue levels and best chronic in vivo activities were found in the racemic 6,7-dichloro and 6-fluoro-7-chloro analogues 18 and 23.ARI activity was enantioselective for 58 and 60, the 2R,4R-enantiomers of 18 and 23. 7-Chloro-6-fluoro-cis-4-hydroxy-2(R)-methyl-chroman-4-acetic acid (60) was selected for phase 1 clinical trials and did not exhibit sorbinil-like hypersensitivity side effects.
- Lipinski, Christopher A.,Aldinger, Charles E.,Beyer, Thomas A.,Bordner, Jon,Burdi, Douglas F.,et al.
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p. 2169 - 2177
(2007/10/02)
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- Hydroxyacetic acid derivatives for the treatment of diabetic complications
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Racemic and chiral (2R,4R)-4-c-hydroxy-2-4-(substituted)chroman(and thiochroman)-4-acetic acids and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their use in the treatment of diabetic complications and intermediates therefor.
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- Treating complications of diabetes mellitus with hydantoin derivatives
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Novel hydantoin derivatives and salts thereof, the process for the preparation thereof, and medicines containing the same, wherein the hydantoin derivatives are represented by the general formula: STR1 wherein X1 and X2, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; Y represents an oxygen atom or sulfur atom, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or phenyl group, or both may form a ring with carbon atoms, excluding the case wherein both R1 and R2 are hydrogen atom, and n represents 0 or 1. The novel hydantoin derivatives and salts thereof have excellent effects for the treatment of the complications of diabetes mellitus.
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