- One-pot production of hydrocarbon oil from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
-
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is an energy storage material of many microbial species, and has been found to be an effective feedstock for production of renewable hydrocarbon oils. A high oil yield (up to 38.2 wt%) was obtained in a phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution at mild temperatures (165-240 °C). PHB and crotonic acid (C4H 6O2), a dominant thermal degradation product of PHB, were deoxygenated mainly via decarboxylation, generating similar liquid and gaseous products. Carbon dioxide and propylene were the major products in gas phase with little CO formation. The hydrocarbon oil (C4-C16) is a mixture of alkanes, alkenes, benzenes and naphthalenes. Aromatics (C10-C15) were the major hydrocarbons in a 100 wt% H3PO4 solution, while alkenes and alkanes (C4-C9) were favored in diluted solutions (50 wt% to 85 wt% H 3PO4). The concentration of H3PO4 was a key factor that affected the oil composition and yield. A highly efficient decarboxylation of crotonic acid at 220 °C for 3 hours resulted in 70.8 wt% of oxygen being removed as CO2 and 57.0 wt% of carbon being recovered as hydrocarbon oil. The H3PO4 solution can be repeatedly used for high yield oil production. This work shows that a type of new biological feedstock can be used to produce renewable hydrocarbon oil in an efficient one-pot reaction. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Kang, Shimin,Yu, Jian
-
p. 14320 - 14327
(2014/04/17)
-
- Kinetics of Dehydration of Camphor and Fenchone over Alumina Catalysts
-
Kinetics of dehydration of camphor and fenchone to aromatics have been investigated over alumina of different acid strength in a flow reactor in the temperature range 300-405 deg.The dehydration activity increases with decreasing acid strength and fenchone is more reactive than camphor over all the three catalysts under the experimental conditions.The reactions follow first order kinetics.Energy of activation and other thermodynamic parameters are calculated.A linear regression analysis has been carried out to obtain isokinetic relationship which holds good for dehydration of camphor and fenchone with correlation coefficient of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively.
- Krishnasamy, V.,Balasubramanian, K.
-
p. 213 - 215
(2007/10/02)
-
- IDENTIFICATION OF LOW-BOILING FRACTION OF PYROLYSIS OIL
-
Composition of the low-boiling fraction of the pyrolysis oil obtained from continuous rectification has been determined by combination of capillary gas-liquid chromatography with other identification methods (catalytic hydrogenation, polymerization).In this way components have been identified which form overall 86.0 per cent (m/m) of the low-boiling fraction.The said pyrolysis oil fraction has been found to contain almost 50 per cent (m/m) of unsaturated components able of polymerization, especially methylindenes, methyl-, ethyl- and dimethylvinylbenzenes, divinylbenzenes and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene.Elution behaviour of all the identified isomeric methylindenes, divinylbenzenes and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene has been evaluated by determination of parameters of the equation Ist.phase(2) = k.Ist.phase(1) + q. The Kovats elution indices of all the identified aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined with the use of a glass capilary column wetted with Carbowax 20M at 80o C.
- Novrocik, Jan,Novrocikova, Marta
-
-
- Process for the preparation of substituted vinylbenzyl chloride
-
An improved continous single step vapor phase process for the preparation of substituted vinylbenzyl chloride from substituted ethyltoluene is disclosed. In this process a substituted ethyltoluene is reacted with a halogen gas in the vapor phase, at elevated temperatures via a continuous feed process. Furthermore, this process achieves halogenation followed by dehydrohalogenation in a single pass through the reactor. There is also obtained a very high total selectivity to vinylbenzyl chloride and its precursors via this continuous process.
- -
-
-