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Organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylative addition of malonic half thioesters to imines
We describe a biomimetic organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylative addition of malonic acid half thioesters to imines. This simple protocol makes use of readily available Cinchona-derived organocatalysts and nucleophiles at the carboxylate oxidation state. The resulting β-amino thioesters, being attractive precursors for the preparation of optically active, β-amino acids, are formed in good yields and in up to 79 % ee. As suggested by several mechanistic insights the desired products are formed via initial formation of a thioester acetate enolate via decarboxylation of the malonic acid half thioester, followed by addition to the imine.
Ricci, Alfredo,Pettersen, Daniel,Bernardi, Luca,Fini, Francesco,Fochi, Mariafrancesca,Herrera, Raquel Perez,Sgarzani, Valentina
p. 1037 - 1040
(2007)
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Methanesulfonic anhydride-promoted sustainable synthesis of thioesters from feedstock acids and thiols
Abstract: An unprecedented metal-, halogen- and solvent-free, MSAA-promoted S-carbonylation of thiols with feedstock acids has been developed. This new transformation provides an efficient and atom-economic strategy for the synthesis of thioesters in a single operation from readily available and inexpensive starting materials. The reaction avoids the use of expensive and hazardous coupling reagents, bases and generates water as the only by-product, thus making this chemical synthetic process more viable, environment-friendly and contributing towards sustainable chemistry. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Singh, Pallavi,Peddinti, Rama Krishna
(2021/02/22)

Magnetically recyclable silica-coated ferrite magnetite-K10montmorillonite nanocatalyst and its applications in O, N, and S-acylation reaction under solvent-free conditions
Novel silica-coated ferrite nanoparticles supported with montmorillonite (K10) have been prepared successfully by using a simple impregnation method. Further, these nanoparticles were characterized by using different analytical methods like FT-IR, PXRD, EDS, and FE-SEM techniques. In addition, these nanoparticles have been explored for their catalytic activity for the O, N, and S-acylation reactions under solvent-free conditions which gave moderate to excellent yields in a much shorter reaction time. Moreover, these nanoparticles could easily be separated out from the reaction medium after the reaction completion by using an external magnetic field and have been re-used for 10 cycles without any significant loss of the catalytic activity.
Kumar, Pushpendra,Patil, Shripad M.,Tandon, Nitin,Tandon, Runjhun
p. 21291 - 21300
(2021/07/01)

Compound embodiments that release H2S by reaction with a reactive compound and methods of making and using the same
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a donor compound that releases H2S by reacting with a reactive compound. The donor compound embodiments described herein can be used to deliver H2S to a subject or a sample and further can be used to administer therapeutic agents. The donor compound embodiments also can facilitate bioconjugation. Methods of making and using the donor compound embodiments also are disclosed.
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(2021/08/04)

Manganese(iii)-promoted thiocarbonylation of alkylborates with disulfides: synthesis of aliphatic thioesters
A Mn(iii)-promoted thiocarbonylation procedure toward the synthesis of thioesters has been developed. By employing easily available disulfides and potassium alkyltrifluoroborates as the starting materials, and cheap and non-toxic Mn(OAc)3·2H2O as the promotor, a broad range of thioesters were synthesized in good to excellent yieldsviaradical intermediates.
Chen, Bo,Wu, Xiao-Feng
supporting information
p. 9654 - 9658
(2021/12/01)

Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Thioesterification of Aroylhydrazides with Disulfides
An alternative thioesterification reaction via copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of readily available aroylhydrazides with disulfides is developed, in which oxidative expulsion of N2 overcomes the activation barrier between the carboxylic acid derivativ
Xie, Shimin,Su, Lebin,Mo, Min,Zhou, Wang,Zhou, Yongbo,Dong, Jianyu
p. 739 - 749
(2021/01/09)

Air-stable binuclear Titanium(IV) salophen perfluorobutanesulfonate with zinc power catalytic system and its application to C–S and C–Se bond formation
An air-stable μ-oxo-bridged binuclear Lewis acid of titanium(IV) salophen perfluorobutanesulfonate [{Ti(salophen)H2O}2O][OSO2C4F9]2 (1) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of TiIV(salophen)Cl2 with AgOSO2C4F9 and characterized by techniques such as IR, NMR and HRMS. This complex was stable open to air over a year, and exhibited good thermal stability and high solubility in polar organic solvents. The complex also had relatively strong acidity with a strength of 0.8 Ho ≤ 3.3, and showed high catalytic efficiency towards various C–S and C–Se bond formations in the presence of zinc power. This catalytic system affords a mild and efficient approach to synthesis of thio- and selenoesters, α-arylthio- and seleno-carbonyl compounds, and thio- and selenoethers.
Wang, Lingxiao,Qiao, Jie,Wei, Jiancong,Liang, Zhiwu,Xu, Xinhua,Li, Ningbo
(2020/01/08)

Tropolonate salts as acyl-transfer catalysts under thermal and photochemical conditions: Reaction scope and mechanistic insights
Acyl-transfer catalysis is a frequently used tool to promote the formation of carboxylic acid derivatives, which are important synthetic precursors and target compounds in organic synthesis. However, there have been only a few structural motifs known to efficiently catalyze the acyl-transfer reaction. Herein, we introduce a different acyl-transfer catalytic paradigm based on the tropolone framework. We show that tropolonate salts, due to their strong nucleophilicity and photochemical activity, can promote the coupling reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acid anhydrides or chlorides to give products under thermal or blue light photochemical conditions. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations suggest interesting mechanistic insights for reactions promoted by this acyl-transfer catalytic system.
Mai, Binh Khanh,Koenigs, Rene M.,Nguyen, Thanh Vinh,Lyons, Demelza J.M.,Empel, Claire,Pace, Domenic P.,Dinh, An H.
p. 12596 - 12606
(2020/11/18)

Environmentally benign decarboxylative: N-, O-, and S-Acetylations and acylations
An operationally simple and general method for acetylation and acylation of a wide variety of substrates (amines, alcohols, phenols, thiols, and hydrazones) has been reported. Meldrum's acid and its derivatives have been used as an air-stable, non-volatile, cost-effective, and easy to handle acetylating/acylating agent. Easily separable byproducts (CO2 and acetone) allowed the isolation of analytically pure acetylated products without the requirement of work-up and any chromatography. This journal is
Ghosh, Santanu,Purkait, Anisha,Jana, Chandan K.
supporting information
p. 8721 - 8727
(2020/12/30)

Fungicidal Activity of S-Esters of Thiocarboxylic Acids as Antimicrobial Additives to Petroleum Products
Abstract: A variety of aliphatic and aromatic S-esters of thiocarboxylic acids have been tested for antimicrobial activity. The relationship between the chemical structure of the compounds R1SC(O)R2 and their toxicity for microorganisms has been revealed, and the effect of various functional groups on the antimicrobial properties has been shown. The cooling lubricant IKhP-45E with S-aryl thioacetate additives has been tested. It has been shown that the additives used (0.25–0.5 wt %) inhibit the growth of all the studied microorganisms; however, their activity with respect to fungi is higher. The introduction of S-aryl thioacetates provides the resistance of these oils to microbiological deterioration to retain the physicochemical properties for a long period of time.
Aliev,Belovezhets,Oparina
p. 99 - 105
(2019/04/27)

Manganese-mediated acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines utilizing acetic anhydride
Manganese(II) chloride-catalyzed acetylation of alcohols, phenols thiols and amines with acetic anhydride is reported. This method is environment-friendly and economically viable as it involves inexpensive, relatively benign catalyst, mild reaction condition, and simple workup. Acetylation is performed under the solvent-free condition at ambient temperature and acetylated products obtained in good to excellent yields. Primary, secondary heterocyclic amines, and phenols with various functional groups are smoothly acetylated in good yields. This method exhibits exquisite chemoselectivity, the amino group is preferentially acetylated in the presence of a hydroxyl/thiol group.
Jain, Isha,Sharma, Ramandeep,Malik, Payal
supporting information
p. 2952 - 2960
(2019/09/13)

4-Imidazol-1-yl-butane-1-sulfonic acid ionic liquid: Synthesis, structural analysis, physical properties and catalytic application as dual solvent-catalyst
4-Imidazol-1-yl-butane-1-sulfonic acid (ImBu-SO3H) has been successfully synthetized and fully characterized by FT-IR and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C). The “plausible” alternative structures of ImBu-SO3H were discussed on the basis of its NMR data. The ionic liquid showed interesting dual solvent-catalyst property, which was studied experimentally for the acetylation of a variety of functionalized alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines and α-tocopherol (α-CTP) as the most active form of vitamin E with acetic anhydride and which provided good yields within a short reaction time. ImBu-SO3H was successfully recycled by product extraction with an average recovered yield of 82% for 5 subsequent runs. The catalytic activity of the recycled ImBu-SO3H showed almost no loss even after five consecutive runs.
Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari,Mihankhah, Taraneh,Johan, Mohd Rafie,Juan, Joon Ching
p. 866 - 878
(2019/07/12)

Thioesters as Bifunctional Reagents for 2-Naphthylamine Sulfuracylation
An efficient and convenient strategy for the preparation of diaryl sulfides via a Fe-promoted direct sulfuracylation of 2-naphthylamine using thioesters as bifunctional reagents is described. This synthetic strategy features high chemoselectivity, good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. (Figure presented.).
Xiao, Fuhong,Yuan, Shanshan,Wang, Dahan,Liu, Saiwen,Huang, Huawen,Deng, Guo-Jun
supporting information
p. 3331 - 3336
(2019/06/13)

2-(3-Cyanopropyldimethylsilyl)ethyl as a Polar Sulfur Protecting Group
Organosulfur compounds are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry, biology and materials chemistry. The reactivity of free sulfhydryls requires their masking in many synthetic strategies. To facilitate the isolation of protected thiols by chromatography, we propose 2-(3-cyanopropyldimethylsilyl)ethyl as a polar protecting group analogue of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl. The masked thiophenol is obtained in two synthetically complementing ways. Either an existing thiophenol is protected, or the protected thiol group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction. In both cases the required reagents are readily available from inexpensive starting materials. Thiol protection and thiol introduction both tolerate a large variety of functional groups and substitution patterns, and the protected thiophenols are stable toward a broad range of reaction conditions. The stability of the protected derivatives in cross-coupling reactions and the mild reaction conditions for the release of the protecting group further emphasizes the potential of the methodology.
Bannwart, Linda M.,Mayor, Marcel,Rieder, Pascal S.
p. 4153 - 4164
(2019/11/14)

Preparation method and application of novel ionic binuclear Schiff base titanium complex
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel ionic binuclear Schiff base titanium complex and a synthetic method of applying the novel ionic binuclear Schiff base titanium complex to catalyze zinc powder and reduce disulfide or selenide to prepare sulfo(seleno) ester and dissymmetric sulfoether(selenide). The complex is a cationic binuclear Schiff base titanium complex, wherein titaniumatoms are bridged by oxygen atoms and are coordinated with a Schiff base ligand and a hydrone, and an ionic bond is formed by a cation part and an anion part of whole Schiff base titanium. The ionic binuclear Schiff base titanium complex is used as a catalyst, the zinc powder is used as a reducer, the disulfide(selenide) can be reduced and fractured, and the disulfide(selenide) can further and respectively react with anhydride, an alpha-bromo carbonyl compound and bromoalkane to prepare the sulfo(seleno) ester and the dissymmetric sulfoether(selenide). According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the defects that traditional lewis acid halide is deliquescent, an absolute solvent is used, conditions are strict and the like are overcome; an effective path for reducing the disulfide or selenide to prepare the sulfo(seleno) ester and the dissymmetric sulfoether(selenide) is provided, and the preparation method has the advantages of high yield, simpleness in operation andthe like.
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Paragraph 0036; 0037

(2018/04/03)

S-Acetylation of Thiols Mediated by Triflic Acid: A Novel Route to Thioesters
This paper demonstrates an efficient, mild, and chemoselective synthesis of various thioesters via a HOTf-catalyzed S-acetylation of aromatic and aliphatic thiols using isopropenyl acetate as a cheap and convenient acetylating agent. During our tests, we also investigated the differences between the activities of metal triflates and triflic acid as catalysts in the acetylation of thiols. Finally, the potential of our concept has been increased by the implementation of Nafion as a heterogeneous catalyst for S-acetylation of thiols.
Kuciński, Krzysztof,Hreczycho, Grzegorz
p. 489 - 493
(2018/04/27)

A synthesis of biaryl ketones via the C–S bond cleavage of thiol ester by a Cu/Ag salt
We report the synthesis of biaryl ketones via an unprecedented copper/silver catalyzed acylative cross-coupling of thiol esters with either an arylboronic acid or a potassium aryltrifluoroborate. This new method proceeds without a requisite Pd-catalyst and Cu(I)TC mediator, and is efficient, versatile, operationally simple, and accommodating functionally diverse thiol esters, arylboronic acids, and potassium aryltrifluoroborates.
Ghosh, Prasanjit,Ganguly, Bhaskar,Das, Sajal,Perl, Eliyahu
supporting information
p. 2751 - 2756
(2017/06/23)

An asymmetric acetate-Mannich reaction of chiral isatin derived ketimines and its applications
A highly efficient TMSOTf-mediated asymmetric acetate-Mannich reaction of isatin derived tert-butylsulfinyl ketimines and S-phenyl thioacetate was developed to afford the direct synthesis of indole-based β3,3-amino acid thioester with excellent selectivity (dr > 98 : 2). Syntheses of (+)-AG-041R and 3-aminopyrroloindoline have been accomplished utilizing the developed method.
Hajra, Saumen,Bhosale, Suhas Shivajirao,Hazra, Atanu
p. 9217 - 9225
(2017/11/14)

Harnessing the catalytic behaviour of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP): An expeditious synthesis of thioesters
A novel, efficient, metal-, base- and acid-free straightforward protocol has been developed for the construction of useful thioesters. The immense catalytic potential of HFIP for promoting the thiocarbonylation of acyl halides and thiols is disclosed. HFIP was recovered with ease and reused for further reactions without any loss of reactivity. Both aryl and alkyl thiols bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups as well as aryl- and alkyl acyl halides worked well in this reaction. Inexpensive precursors, short reaction time, obviating workup, high atom economy, and gram-scale preparation are the significant features of the developed eco-friendly route for S-carbonylation of thiols.
Singh, Pallavi,Peddinti, Rama Krishna
supporting information
p. 1875 - 1878
(2017/04/21)

Diazepinium perchlorate: a neutral catalyst for mild, solvent-free acetylation of carbohydrates and other substances
Diazepinium perchlorate, an essentially neutral organic salt possessing excellent stability, has been found to be well suited for the acetylation of free as well as partially protected sugars, phenols, thiophenols, thiols and other alcohols as well as amines. The diazepinium perchlorate-catalyzed acetylation is mild, organic and solvent-free and leaves acid sensitive protecting groups such as TBDMS/TBDPS/Tr ethers and isopropylidene/benzylidene acetals present on a substrate unaffected. Regioselective hydroxyl protection in partially protected carbohydrate derivatives/polyhydroxylic compounds was possible and was proved to be a convenient time-saving alternative to the conventional synthesis of such compounds. Easy preparation of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions and an environmentally benign protocol are some of the notable features of this reaction. The results obtained on the acetylation of phenols and thiophenols could be rationalized through their local nucleophilicity index obtained from DFT calculations.
Giri, Santosh Kumar,Gour, Rajesh,Kartha, K. P. Ravindranathan
p. 13653 - 13667
(2017/03/11)

Reusable and efficient polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-supported triflic acid catalyst for acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols under solvent-free conditions
Abstract: A triflic acid-functionalized polyvinylpolypyrrolidone was prepared and fully characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. This super acidic solid catalyst shows high catalytic activity for selective acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols with anhydrides under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. In addition, this method features an easy to handle solid super acid catalyst and an operationally simple procedure, affording the desired acylated products in excellent yields. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Tajbakhsh, Mahgol,Tajbakhsh, Mahmoud,Khaksar, Samad,Gazvini, Helia Janatian,Heidary, Marzieh
p. 1117 - 1122
(2017/05/10)

Exploring the catalytic activity of Lewis-acidic uranyl complexes in the nucleophilic acyl substitution of acid anhydrides
The catalytic activities of several uranyl complexes, such as N,N′-disalicylidene-o-phenelyenediaminato(ethanol)dioxouranium(vi) (UO2(salophen)EtOH), bis(dibenzoylmethanato)(ethanol)dioxouranium(vi) (UO2(dbm)2EtOH), pentakis(N,N-dimethylformamide)dioxouranium(vi) ([UO2(DMF)5]2+), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine oxide)dioxouranium(vi) ([UO2(OPPh3)4]2+), were examined in the nucleophilic acyl substitution of acid anhydrides. Among them, [UO2(OPPh3)4]2+ was the most efficient to give ethyl acetate and acetic acid from acetic anhydride (Ac2O) and ethanol, and was resistant towards decomposition during the catalytic reaction. Several nucleophiles were also subjected to the catalytic acylation reaction using acetic and pivalic anhydride. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies suggested that [UO2(OPPh3)4]2+ interacts with Ac2O to form [UO2(Ac2O)(OPPh3)3]2+. Interaction of this actual catalyst with additional Ac2O determines the rate of the overall nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.
Takao, Koichiro,Akashi, Shin
p. 12201 - 12207
(2017/03/08)

Mechanistic Insight into the Cu-Catalyzed C-S Cross-Coupling of Thioacetate with Aryl Halides: A Joint Experimental-Computational Study
The mechanism of the Ullmann-type reaction between potassium thioacetate (KSAc) and iodobenzene (PhI) catalyzed by CuI associated with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as a ligand was explored experimentally and computationally. The study on C-S bond formation was investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry, and products assessment from radical probes. The results indicate that under experimental conditions the catalytically active species is [Cu(phen)(SAc)] regardless of the copper source. An examination of the aryl halide activation mechanism using radical probes was undertaken. No evidence of the presence of radical species was found during the reaction process, which is consistent with an oxidative addition cross-coupling pathway. The different reaction pathways leading to the experimentally observed reaction products were studied by DFT calculation. The oxidative addition-reductive elimination mechanism via an unstable CuIII intermediate is energetically more feasible than other possible mechanisms such as single electron transfer, halogen atom transfer, and σ-bond methatesis.
Soria-Castro, Silvia M.,Andrada, Diego M.,Caminos, Daniel A.,Argüello, Juan E.,Robert, Marc,Pe?é?ory, Alicia B.
p. 11464 - 11473
(2017/11/10)

Highly efficient and recyclable acetylation of phenols and alcohols by nickel zirconium phosphate under solvent-free conditions
Nickel zirconium phosphate nanoparticles have been used as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a wide range of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride in good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The steric and electronic properties of the different substrates had a significant influence on the reaction conditions required to achieve the acetylation. The catalyst used in the current study was characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This nanocatalyst could also be recovered and reused at least six times without any discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.
Hajipour, Abdol Reza,Karimi, Hirbod,Kohi, Afshin
p. 55 - 64
(2016/01/09)

Efficient and selective N-, S- and O-acetylation in TEAA ionic liquid as green solvent. Applications in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry
Background: The ionic liquid triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) was found to be an efficient solvent in the acetylation of alcohols, amines, oximes and thiols to their corresponding acetyl compounds using only a 10% excess of acetic anhydride under mild conditions. Moreover TEAA is not only an inexpensive and recyclable solvent but also an anomeric selective catalyst in the per-O-acetylation of sugar moieties. Methods: Simple and effective organic synthesis protocols were provided for the selective acetylation of several substrates. The products were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the anomeric ratios were obtained from the 1H spectra. Results: Structurally diverse alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines, carbohydrates and oximes underwent acylation under mild conditions by this procedure to provide the corresponding acetates in excellent yields. TEAA ionic liquid is unique in its capability to act as both, solvent and high selective catalyst. As expected, the reaction proceeds with high b anomeric selectivity for sugars derivatives. Moreover, the ionic liquid was regenerated, recycled and reused for three times without apparent loss of reactivity and selectivity in all cases. Conclusions: The present procedure provides a powerful and versatile acylation method for alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines, oximes and carbohydrates. This protocol is endowed with several unique merits: selectivity, cost-efficiency, atom-economy and mild reaction conditions tolerable to acid sensitive functionalities. With these features, this method may be considered as a better alternative for the acetylation of a wide range of substrates.
Lafuente, Leticia,Díaz, Gisela,Bravo, Rodolfo,Ponzinibbio, Agustín
p. 195 - 200
(2016/02/26)

Exploring Regioselective Bond Cleavage and Cross-Coupling Reactions using a Low-Valent Nickel Complex
Recently, esters have received much attention as transmetalation partners for cross-coupling reactions. Herein, we report a systematic study of the reactivity of a series of esters and thioesters with [{(dtbpe)Ni}2(μ-η2:η2-C6H6)] (dtbpe=1,2-bis(di-tert-butyl)phosphinoethane), which is a source of (dtbpe)nickel(0). Trifluoromethylthioesters were found to form η2-carbonyl complexes. In contrast, acetylthioesters underwent rapid Cacyl-S bond cleavage followed by decarbonylation to generate methylnickel complexes. This decarbonylation could be pushed backwards by the addition of CO, allowing for regeneration of the thioester. Most of the thioester complexes were found to undergo stoichiometric cross-coupling with phenylboronic acid to yield sulfides. While ethyl trifluoroacetate was also found to form an η2-carbonyl complex, phenyl esters were found to predominantly undergo Caryl-O bond cleavage to yield arylnickel complexes. These could also undergo transmetalation to yield biaryls. Attempts to render the reactions catalytic were hindered by ligand scrambling to yield nickel bis(acetate) complexes, the formation of which was supported by independent syntheses. Finally, 2-naphthyl acetate was also found to undergo clean Caryl-O bond cleavage, and although stoichiometric cross-coupling with phenylboronic acid proceeded with good yield, catalytic turnover has so far proven elusive. The reactivity of a low-valent nickel complex with esters and thioesters is reported. Trifluoromethylthioesters were found to form η2-carbonyl complexes, while acetylthioesters were found to undergo further Cacyl-S oxidative addition and decarbonylation to generate methylnickel complexes. In contrast, the same nickel precursor was found to induce Caryl-O bond cleavage in aryl esters to generate arylnickel acetate complexes (see scheme).
Desnoyer, Addison N.,Friese, Florian W.,Chiu, Weiling,Drover, Marcus W.,Patrick, Brian O.,Love, Jennifer A.
p. 4070 - 4077
(2016/03/16)

Formation of C(sp2)-S bonds through decarboxylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids with disulfides or thiophenols
Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling between α-oxocarboxylic acids and diphenyl disulfides or thiophenols is presented, which provided an effective and direct approach for the preparation of useful thioesters through C(sp2)-S bond formatio
Rong, Guangwei,Mao, Jincheng,Liu, Defu,Yan, Hong,Zheng, Yang,Chen, Jie
p. 26461 - 26464
(2015/03/30)

Zinc triflate catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiophenols
An expedient procedure for the acylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiophenols using catalytic amount of Zn(OTf)2 is described. This procedure is highly suitable for industrial application due to use of less toxic metal as a part of catalyst, short reaction time at ambient temperature, without any racemization of chiral alcohols.
Kumar, N. Uday,Reddy, B. Sudhakar,Reddy, V. Prabhakar,Bandichhor, Rakeshwar
supporting information
p. 910 - 912
(2014/02/14)

Zinc triflate catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiophenols
An expedient procedure for the acylation of alcohols, phenols, and thiophenols using catalytic amount of Zn(OTf)2 is described. This procedure is highly suitable for industrial application due to use of less toxic metal as a part of catalyst, short reaction time at ambient temperature, without any racemization of chiral alcohols.
Uday Kumar,Sudhakar Reddy,Prabhakar Reddy,Bandichhor, Rakeshwar
supporting information
p. 910 - 912
(2015/02/19)

Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized with phosphonic acid (MWCNTs-C-PO3H2) and its application as a novel, efficient, heterogeneous, highly selective and reusable catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols, aromatic amines, and thiols
A novel, efficient, heterogeneous, and reusable multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized with phosphonic acid (MWCNTs-C-PO 3H2) has been synthesized. The synthesized CNTs were characterized using some electron microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and also some thermal and spectroscopic methods such as thermogravimetry (TG). The nitrogen adsorption behavior of the MWCNTs-C-PO3H2 catalyst was evaluated using the TG instrumentation system at 25°C. The catalyst was applied successfully for highly efficient and selective acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and aromatic amines with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The reusability of the catalyst was checked and the recovered catalyst was reused for five runs without significant loss in activity.
Dehghani, Farzaneh,Sardarian, Ali Reza,Doroodmand, Mohammad Mehdi
p. 673 - 684
(2014/05/20)

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiophenols under solvent-free condition
The acylation of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiophenols was accomplished with 0.5 mol % of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C 6F5)3] at ambient temperature under solvent-free condition. Major advantages of this method include high yield, short reaction time, simple procedure, compatibility with sensitive protecting groups as well as other functional groups, absence of racemization of optical active compounds, and epimerization of sugars.
Prajapti, Santosh Kumar,Nagarsenkar, Atulya,Babu, Bathini Nagendra
p. 1784 - 1787
(2014/03/21)

Rice husk ash: A new, cheap, efficient, and reusable reagent for the protection of alcohols, phenols, amines, and thiols
Amild, efficient, and eco-friendly protocol for the protection of alcohols and phenols as trimethylsilyl ethers has been developed using rice husk ash as a reagent. This reagent is also able to catalyze the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines with acetic anhydride. All reactions were performed under mild conditions in good to high yields. Copyright
Shirini,Akbari-Dadamahaleh, Somayeh,Mohammad-Khah, Ali
p. 577 - 586
(2014/06/09)

Synthesis, characterization and application of poly(N,N'-dibromo- Nethylnaphthyl-2,7-disulfonamide) as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation and deacetylation reactions
In this work, a novel polymer namely poly(N,N'-dibromo-N-ethylnaphthyl-2,7- disulfonamide) (PBNS) is synthesized and characterized by studying its IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). This polymer is utilized as a highly efficient, heterogeneous and recyclable N-bromo reagent to catalyze acetylation of various compounds such as alcohols, phenols, thiol and amine with acetic anhydride under solvent-free conditions, and also it worthily catalyzes deacetylation of acetate esters in aqueous media.
Khazaei, Ardeshir,Saednia, Shahnaz,Roshani, Liela,Kazem-Rostami, Masoud,Zare, Abdolkarim
p. 159 - 167
(2014/05/20)

Sol-gel derived LaFeO3/SiO2 nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization and its application as a new, green and recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient acetylation of amines, alcohols and phenols
LaFeO3/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by the sol-gel process from metal nitrates and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the SiO2 source. The nanocomposite product was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and surface area measurements and was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient acetylation of amines, alcohols and phenols to the corresponding acetates using acetic anhydride under solvent-free conditions. Among the various substrates, acetylation of amines was preceded rapidly, so that an amine group could be selectively acetylated in the presence of alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups by the appropriate choice of reaction time. The catalyst can also be reused several times without the loss of activity. In addition, the catalytic activity of the LaFeO3/SiO2 nanocomposite was higher than that of the pure LaFeO3 nanoparticles. The method is high yielding, clean, cost effective, compatible with the substrates having other functional groups and very suitable for the practical organic synthesis.
Farhadi, Saeed,Jahanara, Kosar,Sepahdar, Asma
p. 1103 - 1112
(2014/08/05)

ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols and amines with acetic anhydride under solvent-free conditions
A ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was prepared from metal nitrates and tetraethyl orthosilicate by the sol-gel process, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The nanocomposite was tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines under solvent-free conditions. Under optimized conditions, efficient acetylation of these substrates with acetic anhydride over the ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was obtained. Acetylation of anilines and primary aliphatic amines proceeded rapidly at room temperature, while the reaction time was longer for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols, showing that an amine NH2 group can be selectively acetylated in the presence of alcoholic or phenolic OH groups. The catalyst can be reused without obvious loss of catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was higher than that of pure ZnAl2O4. The method gives high yields, and is clean, cost effective, compatible with substrates having other functional groups and it is suitable for practical organic synthesis.
Farhadi, Saeed,Jahanara, Kosar
p. 368 - 375
(2014/04/03)

S-Acylation of aliphatic and aromatic thiols with carboxylic acids and their esters over solid acid catalysts in the gas phase at temperatures above 200 °c
Benzenethiol is reacted with acetic acid in a hydrogen stream over [(Mo6Cl8)Cl4(H2O) 2]·6H2O. Catalytic activity of the clusters appears above 200 °C, yielding S-phenyl thioacetate. The selectivity is 98% at 300 °C. Niobium, tantalum, and tungsten halide clusters with the same octahedral metal framework also catalyze the reaction. Benzoic acid and aliphatic carboxylic acids afford the corresponding S-phenyl carbothioates by reaction with benzenethiol. Aliphatic thiols are also S-acylated to yield the corresponding S-alkyl carbothioates. When carboxylic esters are applied to the reaction with benzenethiol over [(Nb6Cl12)Cl 2(H2O)4]·4H2O at 450 °C, the sterically unhindered moiety of the ester is incorporated into the products: S-phenyl thioacetate or methyl phenyl sulfide is obtained selectively. A Br?nsted acid site developed on the cluster complex by thermal activation is the active site of the catalyst. Hence, solid acids such as silica-alumina, zeolites, and heteropoly acids that are stable above 200 °C also catalyze these reactions.
Nagashima, Sayoko,Yamazaki, Hitomi,Kudo, Kentaro,Kamiguchi, Satoshi,Chihara, Teiji
p. 332 - 338
(2013/07/26)

Poly(N-vinylimidazole) as an efficient catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines under solvent-free conditions
Poly(N-vinylimidazole) is able to promote instantaneous quantitative acetylation of a variety of functionalized alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. This new method consistently has excellent yields and the catalyst can be reused and recovered several times. Furthermore, the reaction can even be carried out on a larger scale. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari
p. 99 - 110
(2013/04/10)

A succinimide-N-sulfonic acid catalyst for acetylation reactions in absence of a solvent
A small amount of succinimide-N-sulfonic acid efficiently catalyzed the acetylation of a variety alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines and aldehydes with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent free conditions. This catalyst has the advantages of excellent yields and short reaction times and the reaction can be carried out on a large scale, which makes it potentially useful for industrial applications.
Shirini, Farhad,Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari
p. 695 - 703
(2013/08/25)

A new ferrocene-based bulky pyridine as an efficient reusable homogeneous catalyst
An effective approach to reusing a homogeneous catalyst has been demonstrated. A ferrocene-based bulky pyridine has been synthesized and utilized as a homogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of benzoylfumarates as well as for acetylation. After the reaction, the catalyst was separated by simple precipitation and reused without appreciable loss of activity. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
Kashyap, Bishwapran,Phukan, Prodeep
p. 15327 - 15336
(2013/09/02)

Organocatalytic enantioselective decarboxylative aldol reaction of malonic acid half thioesters with aldehydes
Copycat: A highly enantioselective biomimetic aldol reaction of malonic acid half thioesters with a variety of aldehydes affords optically active β-hydroxy thioesters by employing the cinchona-derived sulfonamide organocatalyst 1. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by performing formal syntheses of the antidepressants (R)-fluoxetine, (R)-tomoxetine, (-)-paroxetine, and (R)-duloxetine. Copyright
Bae, Han Yong,Sim, Jae Hun,Lee, Ji-Woong,List, Benjamin,Song, Choong Eui
supporting information
p. 12143 - 12147
(2013/12/04)

Efficient Cu-catalyzed base-free C-S coupling under conventional and microwave heating. A simple access to S-heterocycles and sulfides
S-aryl thioacetates can be prepared by reaction of inexpensive potassium thioacetate with both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl iodides under a base-free copper/ligand catalytic system. CuI as copper source affords S-aryl thioacetates in good to excellent yields, by using 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand in toluene at 100°C after 24 h. Under microwave irradiation the time was drastically reduced to 2 h. Both procedures are simple and involve a low-cost catalytic system. This methodology was also applied to the "one-pot" synthesis of target heterocycles, such as 3H-benzo[c][1,2]dithiol-3-one and 2-methylbenzothiazole, alkyl aryl sulfides, diaryl disulfides and asymmetric diaryl sulfides in good yields.
Soria-Castro, Silvia M.,Penenory, Alicia B.
supporting information
p. 467 - 475
(2013/05/08)

Gas-phase S-alkylation of benzenethiol with aliphatic alcohols, ethers, esters, alkyl halides and olefins over halide cluster catalysts of Groups 5 and 6 transition metals
Benzenethiol was reacted with methanol under a hydrogen stream over [(Nb6Cl12)Cl2(H2O) 4]·6H2O supported on silica gel. Catalytic activity of the cluster commenced above 250 °C, yielding methyl phenyl sulfide. The selectivity was 98% at 400 °C. Molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten halide clusters with the same octahedral metal framework also catalyzed the reaction. Primary alcohols with shorter alkyl chains were effective reagents for the S-alkylation. Aliphatic ethers, dialkyl carbonates, orthoesters and alkyl halides were effective reagents for the S-alkylation. When 1-hexene was applied to the reaction, spontaneous and catalytic S-alkylation proceeded simultaneously above 200 °C, yielding n-hexyl phenyl sulfide. When alkyl acetates were subjected to this reaction, the niobium cluster afforded S-phenyl thioacetate, and the other clusters afforded alkyl phenyl sulfides selectively. A Br?nsted acid site attributable to a hydroxo ligand, which is formed on the cluster complex by thermal activation, is proposed as the active site of the catalysts.
Nagashima, Sayoko,Kudo, Kentaro,Yamazaki, Hitomi,Kamiguchi, Satoshi,Chihara, Teiji
p. 50 - 56
(2013/02/25)

Synthesis of thiol esters using nano CuO/Ionic liquid as an eco-friendly reductive system under microwave irradiation
We report an efficient, fast, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a wide range of thiol esters using stable diorganoyl disulfides and acyl chlorides, using CuO nanoparticles and [pmim]Br as the reductive system. This method gave good to excellent isolated yields of the desired products after only three minutes of microwave irradiation. Furthermore, by using the same green approach, we were also able to synthesize thiocarbonates bearing interesting functionalities. We report an efficient, fast, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of thiol esters starting from diorganoyl disulfides and acyl chlorides, and using CuO nanoparticles and [pmim]Br as the reductive system. This approach gave good to excellent isolated yields of the desired products in only three minutes under microwave irradiation. Copyright
Azeredo, Juliano B.,Godoi, Marcelo,Schwab, Ricardo S.,Botteselle, Giancarlo V.,Braga, Antonio L.
supporting information
p. 5188 - 5194
(2013/11/06)

Activation parameters of transesterification of 4-nitrophenyl acetate in the presence of k2co3 in DMF
The activation parameters for the reactions of 4-nitrophenyl acetate with 4-chlorophenol and benzenethiol in the presence of potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide were determined. Depending on the substrate structure, the enthalpy and entropy of activa
Os'kina, I. A.
p. 1197 - 1199,3
(2020/10/15)

Ionic liquid/PPh3 promoted cleavage of diphenyl disulfide and diselenide: A straight-forward metal-free one-pot route to the synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides and selenides
A metal-free cleavage of diphenyl disulfide and diphenyl diselenide has been achieved using ionic liquid/triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) and a convenient protocol for the one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides and selenides by condensing 'in situ' generated thiolate or selenate anion with alkyl halides has been developed. In addition, 1,4-conjugate addition of the generated thiolate anions to activated alkenes has also been demonstrated. The ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-pentyl imidazolium bromide, [pmIm]Br plays a crucial role in promoting the course of the reactions and shows superior activity and selectivity compared to other solvents. The [pmIm]Br has been reused for at least five times without appreciable loss of activity.
Banerjee, Subhash,Adak, Laksmikanta,Ranu, Brindaban C.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 2149 - 2152
(2012/05/05)

Poly-(N,N′-dibromo-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) and N,N,N′,N′- tetrabromobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide as highly efficient catalysts, and (AC2O/SIO2) as a heterogeneous system for the acetylation of alcohols, amines, and thiols under microwave irradiation
Chemical Equation Presented Poly-(N,N′-dibromo-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3- disulfonamide) (PBBS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetrabromobenzene-1,3- disulfonamide (TBBDA) are good activators and catalytic reagents for the acetylation of alcohols, amines, and thiols. The presented method has the advantages of mild conditions, chemoselectivity, and good to high yields, and uses noncorrosive, inexpensive, recyclable, and environmentally friendly catalysts. We have also demonstrated that combining SiO2 with microwave energy provides an efficient, fast, convenient, and easy workup procedure for the synthesis of mono- and disubstituted acetates, acetamides, and thioacetamides. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Veisi, Hojat,Ghorbani-Vaghei, Ramin,Eskandari, Hosna,Hemmati, Saba,Rezaei, Ardashir,Hajinazari, Somaye,Far, Mohammad Raoof Heidari,Entezari, Azam
experimental part
p. 213 - 219
(2011/04/24)

Silver triflate catalyzed acetylation of alcohols, thiols, phenols, and amines
A variety of alcohols, thiols, phenols, and amines were subjected to acetylation reaction using acetic anhydride in the presence of catalytic quantity of silver triflate. The method described has a wide range of applications, proceeds under mild conditions, does not involve cumbersome workup, and the resulting products are obtained in high yields within a reasonable time. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
Das, Rima,Chakraborty, Debashis
experimental part
p. 1621 - 1625
(2011/06/25)

P2O5/Al2O3 AS an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines under solvent-free conditions
A convenient, rapid, and efficient method for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines has been developed by using acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of P2O5/Al 2O3 under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This reaction was studied under different conditions, and several solvents were examined for this conversion. However, in terms of reaction time and yield, it was found that the best result was obtained when the reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions. Racemization of optically active alcohols and epimerization of sugars were not observed. The use of nontoxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean workup, short reaction times, and good yields of the products are the advantages of this method.
Zarei, Amin,Hajipour, Abdol R.,Khazdooz, Leila
experimental part
p. 1772 - 1785
(2011/06/20)

H6GeMo10V2O40·16H 2O nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method: A new and reusable heteropoly acid catalyst for highly efficient acetylation of alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions
A new Keggin-type heteropoly acid, namely decamolybdodivanadogermanic acid (H6GeMo10V2O40·16H 2O), with nanosized particles (5-8 nm), has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and potentiometric titration. H6GeMo10V2O40·16H 2O revealed high catalytic activity for acetylation of various alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride at room temperature (298 ± 2 K) and under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst can be easily recovered and used repeatedly for five cycles with a slight loss of activity. The catalytic activity of H6GeMo10V2O40· 16H2O was higher than that of other Keggin-type heteropoly acids, such as H3PW12O40, H3PMo 12O40 and H4SiW12O40.
Farhadi, Saeid,Zareisahamieh, Reza,Zaidi, Masoumeh
experimental part
p. 1323 - 1332
(2012/04/04)

The conversion of nickel-bound CO into an acetyl thioester: Organometallic chemistry relevant to the acetyl coenzyme A synthase active site
When three become one: Within one nickel-based model system, the three reactants CO, MeI, and PhSH have been assembled to yield an acetyl thioester. The reactivity is of relevance for the functioning of the acetyl coenzyme A synthase active site and provides insights into possible binding sequences. Copyright
Horn, Bettina,Limberg, Christian,Herwig, Christian,Mebs, Stefan
p. 12621 - 12625
(2012/02/14)

Zn in ionic liquid: An efficient reaction media for the synthesis of diorganyl chalcogenides and chalcogenoesters
A straightforward and efficient methodology is described to synthesize structurally diverse diorganyl selenides, sulfides, seleno- and thioesters by using commercially available Zn dust in ionic liquid. Excellent yields were achieved under neutral conditions at room temperature in a short time. The solvent/ionic liquid is reusable and exhibited higher performance as compared with organic solvents.
Narayanaperumal, Senthil,Alberto, Eduardo E.,Gul, Kashif,Kawasoko, Cristiane Yuriko,Dornelles, Luciano,Rodrigues, Oscar E.D.,Braga, Antonio Luiz
experimental part
p. 4723 - 4730
(2011/06/27)