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Carbon tetrachloride

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Name

Carbon tetrachloride

EINECS 200-262-8
CAS No. 56-23-5 Density 1.697 g/cm3
PSA 0.00000 LogP 2.55290
Solubility 0.8 g/L (20 °C) Melting Point -23 °C
Formula CCl4 Boiling Point 76 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 153.823 Flash Point −2 °F
Transport Information UN 1846 6.1/PG 2 Appearance clear colorless liquid
Safety 23-36/37-45-59-61 Risk Codes 23/24/25-40-48/23-52/53-59-39/23/24/25-11
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 56-23-5 (Carbon tetrachloride) Hazard Symbols ToxicT,DangerousN,FlammableF
Synonyms

Carbontetrachloride (8CI);Benzinoform;CC m0;Carbon chloride (CCl4);Carbona;Flukoids;Halon 1040;NSC 97063;Necatorina;Perchloromethane;R 10;R 10(refrigerant);Tetrachloromethane;Tetrafinol;Tetraform;Tetrasol;Univerm;Vermoestricid;

Article Data 393

Carbon tetrachloride Synthetic route

32315-10-9

bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

75-44-5

phosgene

C

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper phthalocyanine at 90℃; for 0.583333h; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time;A n/a
B 100%
C n/a
108-88-3

toluene

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

118-74-1

hexachlorobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chlorine; aluminum oxide; molybdenum(VI) oxide at 380 - 400℃; for 0.00277778h; other metal oxide catalysts;A 98.2%
B 96.3%
108-38-3

m-xylene

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

118-74-1

hexachlorobenzene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); chlorine; aluminum oxide; molybdenum(VI) oxide at 380 - 400℃; for 0.00277778h;A 95.15%
B 98.06%
75-44-5

phosgene

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
iron(III) chloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 350°C 26 atm 20 h;A 86%
B n/a
iron(III) chloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 400°C 28 atm 17 h;A 84%
B n/a
aluminium trichloride Kinetics; heating in a sealed tube, 400°C 144 atm 2 h;A 81%
B n/a
108-88-3

toluene

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

118-74-1

hexachlorobenzene

C

2136-78-9

α,α,2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorotoluene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chlorine; KSK silica gel; magnesium chloride at 295 - 320℃; for 0.005h; other methal oxide and chloride catalysts;A n/a
B n/a
C 84%
7784-36-3

arsenic pentafluoride

42179-04-4

trans-CF3SF4Cl

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

113250-69-4

chlorodifluorosulfur(IV) hexafluoroarsenate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) The react. mixt. is warmed slowly from -78°C to +25°C over a period of 12-16 h.; Elem.anal.;A n/a
B 70%
In dichloromethane The react. mixt. is warmed slowly from -78°C to +25°C over a period of 12-16 h.; Elem.anal.;A n/a
B 70%
In neat (no solvent) Rapid warmup of the react. mixt.; Elem.anal.;A n/a
B 50%
In dichloromethane Rapid warmup of the react. mixt.; Elem.anal.;A n/a
B 50%
34557-54-5

methane

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

74-87-3

methylene chloride

C

75-09-2

dichloromethane

D

67-66-3

chloroform

E

124-63-0

methanesulfonyl chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sulfur dioxide; chlorine at 63 - 67℃; under 6750.68 Torr; Photolysis;A n/a
B n/a
C n/a
D n/a
E 55%
75-44-5

phosgene

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

7782-50-5

chlorine

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

75-72-9

chlorotrifluoromethane

C

75-71-8

Dichlorodifluoromethane

D

75-69-4

trichlorofluoromethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With catalyst : charcoal heating in autoclave, 350°C, 6 h, charcoal impregnated with FeCl3;A 7%
B 13%
C 47%
D 7%
105968-23-8

perfluoro(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl fluoride)

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

75-44-5

phosgene

C

perfluoro(2,4,4-trichloro-3-azapentene-2)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium trichloride at 100℃; for 100h;A 0.03 g
B 0.02 g
C 38.7%
75-71-8

Dichlorodifluoromethane

A

56-23-5

tetrachloromethane

B

75-72-9

chlorotrifluoromethane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) equilibrium over catalyst; equilibrium constant at 290-540°C;;A n/a
B 22%

Carbon tetrachloride History

 Carbon tetrachloride (CAS NO.56-23-5) was originally synthesised in 1839 by reaction of chloroform with chlorine, from the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault,but now it is mainly synthesized from methane.
Since the 1980s,the production of carbon tetrachloride(56-23-5) has steeply declined for environmental concerns and the decreased demand for CFCs. And production in the U.S.-Europe-Japan was estimated at 720,000 tonnes in 1992.

Carbon tetrachloride Analytical Methods

 Carbon tetrachloride (CAS NO.56-23-5) was originally synthesised by reaction of chloroform with CHLORINE but now  it is mainly synthesized from METHANE.

Carbon tetrachloride Specification

The Carbon tetrachloride is an organic compound with the formula CCl4. The IUPAC name of this chemical is tetrachloromethane. With the CAS registry number 56-23-5, it is also named as Kohlenstofftetrachlorid. The product's categories are CFC; Refrigerants; Organics; Analytical Chemistry; Standard Solution of Volatile Organic Compounds for Water & Soil Analysis; Standard Solutions (VOC); Pesticides; CA - CGChemical Class; Alpha Sort; C; CAlphabetic; Chloro Pesticides; Fumigants; Halogenated; Insecticides; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles. Besides, it is clear colorless liquid.

Physical properties about Carbon tetrachloride are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.86; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.86; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.86; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 87.93; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 87.93; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 857.47; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 857.47; (8)Index of Refraction: 1.486; (9)Molar Refractivity: 26.04 cm3; (10)Molar Volume: 90.6 cm3; (11)Polarizability: 10.32×10-24cm3; (12)Surface Tension: 35.2 dyne/cm; (13)Density: 1.697 g/cm3; (14)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 29.82 kJ/mol; (15)Boiling Point: 76 °C at 760 mmHg; (16)Vapour Pressure: 113 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation: this chemical is mainly produced from methane:
CH4 + 4 Cl2 → CCl4 + 4 HCl

Uses of Carbon tetrachloride: it was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent, as a refrigerant, and in lava lamps. Large quantities of carbon tetrachloride were used to produce the freon refrigerants R-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) and R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Carbon tetrachloride has also been used in the detection of neutrinos. Carbon tetrachloride is one of the most potent hepatotoxins (toxic to the liver), and is widely used in scientific research to evaluate hepatoprotective agents.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable and danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. It has limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). Besides, this chemical is danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It may cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. When you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing and gloves and do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). Please avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl
(2)InChI: InChI=1/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5
(3)InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYAV
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/CCl4/c2-1(3,4)5
(5)Std. InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LCLo inhalation 38110ppm/2H (38110ppm)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1405, 1935.
cat LDLo subcutaneous 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES

LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION

BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 63, Pg. 153, 1938.
chicken LD50 intraperitoneal 4497mg/kg (4497mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM SMALL INTESTINE

GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES
British Veterinary Journal. Vol. 127, Pg. 304, 1971.
dog LCLo inhalation 14620ppm/8H (14620ppm) BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC

VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
National Institutes of Health, Bulletin. Vol. 191, Pg. 1, 1949.
dog LD50 intraperitoneal 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 119, 1967.
dog LDLo intravenous 125mg/kg (125mg/kg)   Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934.
dog LDLo oral 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934.
frog LCLo inhalation 58gm/m3 (58000mg/m3)   Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 97, Pg. 86, 1923.
guinea pig LCLo inhalation 20000ppm/2H (20000ppm)   Fluorine Chemistry Reviews. Vol. 1, Pg. 197, 1967.
guinea pig LD50 oral 5760mg/kg (5760mg/kg)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 32, 1968.
guinea pig LD50 skin > 9400uL/kg (9.4mL/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 559, 1965.
human LCLo inhalation 1000ppm (1000ppm)   Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 198, 1966.
human LCLo inhalation 5pph/5M (50000ppm)   Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933.
human TCLo inhalation 20ppm (20ppm) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING "Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology," 2nd ed., Elkins, H.B., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959Vol. 2, Pg. 136, 1959.
human TCLo inhalation 45ppm/3D (45ppm) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BEHAVIORAL: ANOREXIA (HUMAN

GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Lancet. Vol. 1, Pg. 360, 1960.
human TCLo inhalation 317ppm/30M (317ppm) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 103, Pg. 962, 1934.
mammal (species unspecified) LC50 inhalation 34500mg/m3 (34500mg/m3)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 24(3), Pg. 17, 1980.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 oral 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg)   Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988.
man LDLo oral 429mg/kg (429mg/kg) CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS

KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 19, Pg. 781, 1973.
man LDLo unreported 93mg/kg (93mg/kg)   "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
man TDLo oral 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR

GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
South African Medical Journal. Vol. 49, Pg. 635, 1975.
mouse LC50 inhalation 9526ppm/8H (9526ppm)   Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 29, Pg. 382, 1947.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 572mg/kg (572mg/kg)   Pharmacologist. Vol. 10, Pg. 172, 1968.
mouse LD50 oral 8263mg/kg (8263mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 169, 1951.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 31gm/kg (31000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 123, Pg. 224, 1958.
rabbit LD50 intravenous 5840mg/kg (5840mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

BEHAVIORAL: COMA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Zentralblatt fuer Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie. Vol. 118, Pg. 305, 1974.
rabbit LD50 oral 5760mg/kg (5760mg/kg)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 33(1), Pg. 32, 1968.
rabbit LD50 skin > 20gm/kg (20000mg/kg)   Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 712, 1992.
rabbit LDLo intraperitoneal 477mg/kg (477mg/kg)   Gastroenterology. Vol. 71, Pg. 118, 1976.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg)   Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934.
rat LC50 inhalation 8000ppm/4H (8000ppm)   Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 16, 1974.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 1500uL/kg (1.5mL/kg)   U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. MDDC-1715,
rat LD50 oral 2350mg/kg (2350mg/kg)   Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 54, Pg. 275, 1983.
rat LD50 skin 5070mg/kg (5070mg/kg)   Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 16, 1978.
rat LDLo intratracheal 90mg/kg (90mg/kg)   National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520615,
women TDLo oral 1800mg/kg (1800mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MIOSIS (PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION): EYE

BEHAVIORAL: COMA

BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC
Texas Medicine. Vol. 69, Pg. 86, 1973.

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