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Choline chloride
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Name

Choline chloride

 EINECS 200-655-4
CAS No. 67-48-1 Density 1.205 g/cm3
PSA 20.23000 LogP -3.31110
Solubility soluble in water Melting Point 302-305 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Formula C5H14ClNO Boiling Point N/A
Molecular Weight 139.625 Flash Point N/A
Transport Information N/A Appearance White crystalline powder
Safety 26-36 Risk Codes 36/37/38
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 67-48-1 (Choline chloride) Hazard Symbols IrritantXi
Synonyms

Choline hydrochloride;Choline chloride solutions;(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride;Cholinum;Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N, N-trimethyl-, chloride;Hormocline;Colina cloruro [DCIT];2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride;Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride;2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium;Cholinium chloride;sell choline chloride;Bilineurin chloride;Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-;Paresan;2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium;Neocolina;Choline chlorhydrate;Lipotril;2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride;Choline, chloride;Chloride de choline [French];Chlorure de choline [INN-French];Biocolina;Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin];2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride;

Article Data 39

Choline chloride Synthetic route

75-21-8

oxirane

593-81-7

trimethylamine hydrochloride

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide at 24.9℃; Thermodynamic data; ΔrH1;100%
With sodium hydroxide at 24.9℃;100%
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

75-50-3

trimethylamine

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In methanol; acetonitrile at 70℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere;98%
at 80℃;
With water
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H25Cl2N2O3(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

ethyl 3-amino-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 9h;A 88%
B n/a
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H26BrN2O3(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

330957-88-5

ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-bromo phenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 9h;A 84%
B n/a
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H26N3O5(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

299937-04-5

ethyl 3-amino-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h;A 83%
B n/a
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H26N3O5(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

330957-87-4

ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-nitro phenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h;A 74%
B n/a
64-17-5

ethanol

C26H29N2O4(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

67-48-1

choline chloride

B

119825-14-8

ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 11h;A n/a
B 73%
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H26ClN2O3(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

67-48-1

choline chloride

B

130944-14-8

ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h;A n/a
B 70%
64-17-5

ethanol

C25H26N3O5(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

405109-32-2

ethyl 3-amino-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h;A 70%
B n/a
64-17-5

ethanol

C26H26N3O3(1+)*Cl(1-)

A

405109-16-2

C23H18N2O3

B

67-48-1

choline chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethylamine at 40℃; for 11h;A 68%
B n/a

Choline chloride Chemical Properties

Structure of Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1):

IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride 
Empirical Formula: C5H14ClNO
Molecular Weight: 139.6238 
EINECS: 200-655-4 
Melting point: 298-304 ºC
Water solubility: soluble 
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Physical Appearance: White crystalline powder
 Product Categories: Quarternary ammonium salts;Ammonium Chlorides (Quaternary);Biochemistry;Quaternary Ammonium Compounds;Vitamin Related Compounds;Vitamins;Antioxidants;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals 
Synonyms of Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride ; (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride ; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride ; Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride ; Bilineurin chloride ; Biocolina ; Biocoline ; Chloride de choline ; Choline chlorhydrate ; Choline hydrochloride ;
 Cholini chloridum ; Cloruro de colina ; Colina cloruro ; Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride ; Hepacholine ;
 Hormocline ; Lipotril ; Luridin chloride ; Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride .

Choline chloride Uses

 Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1) is an important additive in feed especially for chicken where it accelerates growth and is mass produced . With urea it forms a deep eutectic solvent. Other commercial choline salts are choline bitartrate choline and hydroxide . In foodstuffs the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

Choline chloride Production

In the industrial Davy process choline chloride is produced from ethylene oxide, hydrochloric acid, and trimethylamine,[1] or from the pre-formed salt:

 

Choline chloride Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo intravenous 25mg/kg (25mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
dog LDLo intravenous 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
frog LDLo unreported 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg)   Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 320mg/kg (320mg/kg)   Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
mouse LD50 intravenous 53mg/kg (53mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
mouse LD50 oral 3900mg/kg (3900mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION		 Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
mouse LDLo subcutaneous 735mg/kg (735mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 6, Pg. 477, 1914/1915.
rabbit LDLo intraperitoneal 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD		 Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 42, Pg. 473, 1928.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 1100ug/kg (1.1mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS		 Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
rabbit LDLo rectal 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS		 Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 450mg/kg (450mg/kg)   Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 24, Pg. 91, 1986.
rat LD50 oral 3400mg/kg (3400mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHROMODACYRORREA: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION		 Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 87, 1945.

Choline chloride Safety Profile

Hazard Codes:  Xi
The Risk Statements information of  Choline chloride :
36/37/38:  Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 
The Safety Statements information of  Choline chloride :
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of WATER and seek medical advice 
36:  Wear suitable protective clothing 
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: KH2975000
F: 3-9

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