(1) A metallic oxide that promotes cross-linking of sulfur in rubber vulcanization. By far the most widely used is zinc oxide; in rubber mixes where no organic accelerator is used, oxides of magnesium, calcium, or lead are effective. (2) A fatty acid that increases the effectiveness of acidic organic accelerators; stearic acid is generally used, especially with thiazoles. (3) A substance necessary in trace quantities to induce luminescence in certain crystals. Silver and copper are activators for zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide.See Initiator.